In the following days, the 17-nation summit held in Berlin discussed many small issues and resolved conflicts and grievances between some countries. However, only the Balkans issue was resolved on the large issue. Asia
Some issues in the Far East did not yield clear results until one day in early July 1901.
At the end of June, two of the three major Beiyang warlords, Xu Shichang and Li Yuanhong, who had been besieged by the Far East Army for a month, surrendered. In the end, only Duan Qirui remained, but he was also the largest of the three Beiyang warlords.
In Duan Qirui's case, Li Ningyu didn't make a living at all. For this one of the Three Beiyang Heroes, the main leader of the Anhui Warlords, who was superstitious about the unification of force, but was honest and upright throughout his life, and had quite a charming personality. He was known as the Prime Minister of Liubuli. He was once a prime minister in the early 20th century.
The first army chief and artillery commander of the modern army, and the general office of Baoding Military Academy.
Since Duan Qirui joined the Beiyang Group, he has been highly valued by Li Hongzhang. Because of his excellent performance, he was allowed to study in the German Military Academy with four other classmates. He attended the Berlin Army School at official expense and studied artillery courses for one and a half years.
Stayed as an intern at Krupp Arsenal for half a year.
In 1899, Yuan Shikai led the Right Army of the Military Guard to suppress the Boxer Rebellion and became Yuan Shikai's important assistants. Among them were the Three Heroes of Beiyang, the Dragon of the Beiyang Wang Shizhen, the Tiger of the Beiyang Duan Qirui, and the Leopard of the Beiyang Feng Guozhang.
After the Wuchang Uprising broke out, the late Qing government was shocked and ordered Duan Qirui, the governor of Jiangbei, to go north from Haidao to Hubei to participate in the war. At that time, Duan Qirui was already the president of the Second Army, that is, the commander, and was directly commanded by the Imperial Envoy Yuan Shikai.
Soon after, Yuan Shikai ordered Duan Qirui to go to Shanxi to serve concurrently as the President of the First Army and as Acting Governor of Huguang, with an official rank of second grade.
During the period when Yuan Shikai was plotting to steal the country, Duan Qirui jointly signed 46 senior generals of the Beiyang Group to urge the Qing court to abdicate. However, Yuan Shikai, Xu Shichang, Feng Guozhang, Wang Shizhen and others called Duan Qirui under false pretenses and asked him to advise the generals not to act rashly.
Soon, under Yuan Shikai's conspiracy, he led the first and second armies into Beijing and directly made a gesture of entering Beijing to force the palace. Finally, the late Qing government ordered the Qing emperor to abdicate, and Duan Qirui created the first republic.
But afterwards, Duan Qirui refused to hand over the First Army. In the end, Yuan Shikai could only order him to transfer the defense to Shanxi and take full charge of the defense of the First and Second Army.
After Yuan Shikai took office as president and successfully usurped the country, Duan Qirui was appointed as Acting Chief of the Army. He had the military power to train, deploy troops and promote officers. However, Duan Qirui, who only took orders from Yuan Shikai, actively acted in the following years.
Participating in the secret activities of attacking and assassinating revolutionaries, Yuan Shikai's plot to kill Zhang Zhenwu, the first revolutionary leader of Wuchang, was realized. Although the Senate impeached Duan Qirui afterwards, Yuan Shikai awarded Duan Qirui the rank of Army General.
When the great powers proposed 21 to Yuan Shikai, Duan Qirui and Feng Guozhang led the generals of the 19 provinces to call the Beiyang government to express their opposition. Later, when Yuan Shikai held a discussion meeting, Duan Qirui advocated a very tough approach. This was his break with Yuan Shikai.
the beginning of.
In the face of Duan Qirui's dissent, he quietly mobilized the army and adopted a tough attitude, which made Yuan Shikai decide to submit. Afterwards, Duan Qirui claimed to be ill and resigned. Soon after Yuan Shikai was ready to proclaim himself emperor, Duan Qirui stood up to express his disapproval of Yuan Shikai's imperial behavior.
Dissatisfied, this time Yuan Shikai officially ordered Duan Qirui to be removed from the post of Army Chief.
When Yuan Shikai ascended the throne as Emperor Hongxian, he was assassinated and killed by the Far East Army!
The Beiyang warlords were in chaos, and many Beiyang warlords invited Duan Qirui to come back. Soon after, Duan Qirui was appointed as the chief of staff and chief of the army, and the republican system was restored. Li Yuanhong succeeded as president, and Duan Qirui was both civil and military. However, not long after, the two
Then there was a dispute between the government and the court.
Duan Qirui sent a telegram to the whole country, expressing his opposition to the restoration of the Constitution of the Republic of China and still using the Three Constitutions of the Republic of China as the administrative standard. Duan Qirui then organized a responsible cabinet. At this point, the Anhui clique gradually formed. Duan Qirui became the Prime Minister and Chief of the Army and took control of
The entire real power of the Beijing government has evolved into a struggle between the government and the academy under Duan Qirui's arbitrary actions.
Duan Qirui and Li Yuanhong had a falling out, and Xu Shichang went to Beijing to intervene in the reconciliation, but in the end Li Yuanhong was dismissed. Soon foreign powers sent invitations to Duan Qirui. Duan Qirui finally insisted on joining the Allies, but Li Yuanhong expressed strong opposition, so the issue was heated in the court.
During the conflict, the three legions controlled by Duan Qirui coerced Li Yuanhong's forces, eventually leading to his resignation.
After the conflict between Zhizhi and Anhui broke out, the three armies of the Far East Army advanced and completely surrounded the three warlord forces.
Duan Qirui is a Buddhist and vegetarian. He is serious and rigid, and he lives a very simple life. He is as honest as water. He has no savings or real estate. At the same time, he does not smoke, drink, whore, gamble, be greedy, or possess.
Therefore, he is called the "Six Nos".
However, Duan Qirui likes to use his own people and is self-willed. He does not have outstanding military exploits or theoretical knowledge, but he has extraordinary organizational talents and is good at using political and military means to maintain his rule and power. However, because of the warlord
Habits, devotion to power and superstitious rule by force.
Compared with other Beiyang warlord giants, he is admirable for his incorruptibility and his unwillingness to amass money. Although he has married several concubines, there is a certain difference between him and other warlords who bully men, dominate women, and take things by force.
Duan Qirui never owned any real estate of his own, which was unique among Beiyang warlord politicians.
As Xu Shichang and Li Yuanhong surrendered to the Far East Army, Duan Qirui was also very entangled in his heart at this time, because it was the Far East Army that killed Yuan Shikai. This huge gap seemed to be between Duan Qirui and the Far East Army, which could never be bridged.
of cracks.
With the collapse of domestic warlords one by one, the great powers of various countries can no longer sit still, because at the 17-nation summit, Li Ningyu has clearly stated on behalf of the Far East Group that after the establishment of the new country, all ceded lands, concessions, and leased lands will be recovered.
On July 7, 1901, with the secret assistance of many Western powers, Japan's sixty-three army divisions successively sent troops to various parts of the country from three directions with the help of many foreign powers.
This is the famous July 7th Incident. It was also an important battle in Japan's war of aggression against China. It was also the last battle. Because it happened in many places, the most famous one was the Marco Polo Bridge outside Beijing. Since Xu Shichang and Li Yuanhong disarmed the city of Beijing,
After the surrender, it was accepted by the Far East Army. The 29th Army of the Far East Army stationed in Beijing at that time refused a small Japanese army team and entered Beijing to search for missing Japanese soldiers, triggering the first fierce battle.
If this incident was a long-planned incident, after the small-scale fierce battle at Marco Polo Bridge, Japan immediately declared war on the Far East Group.
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