Germany's quick response was actually within the scope of Li Ningyu's calculations. However, Li Ningyu was still a little disgusted with Germany's behavior of taking advantage of the opportunity. Fortunately, Li Ningyu's subsequent requests were agreed to, so Li Ningyu managed to maintain a balance.
, then Li Ningyu chatted with Morini for a while in his minister's conference room, during which Li Ningyu also talked about his recent trip to Africa.
When he heard Li Ningyu talking about heading to Africa, Morini was surprised, because he knew that Africa is the place where the world's powers compete most fiercely, and the living environment there is not suitable for ordinary people to survive. However, seeing such an arms purchase by Li Ningyu
Finally, Morini understood somewhat, and then Morini gave Li Ningyu a brief introduction to the current situation in Africa.
Li Ningyu also benefited a lot from Morini's help. Then the two talked at length all night. It was not until dawn that Li Ningyu said goodbye and left, and told Morini that his representative in the future would be Uncle Fu. Only
Only he was qualified to discuss arms purchases with Morini, and Morini did not forget to help Li Ningyu with the German forces he might encounter in Africa, and helped him write several letters of introduction. Of course, as a thank you to his friends,
Li Ningyu naturally gave Morini a cashier's check of 100,000 pounds without any hesitation.
But just after Li Ningyu left the embassy by car, Morini went to the telegraph room to send a message to the German mainland. Li Ningyu's next plan to develop in Africa, and the commotion caused by this telegram was incomparable.
It was shocking, but at this time Li Ningyu was already sitting on the Yangtze River No. 7 cruiser heading to Shanghai.
The discovery of diamonds in South Africa around 1870 and the opening of the Suez Canal sharply increased the prominence and importance of the African plate in the political, economic and strategic position of the earth. Subsequently, various powerful countries couldn't wait to reach out to the African plate, fearing that they would divide Africa.
They are lagging behind others in the land, and then they always want to seize as much land as possible, no matter what kind of land it is, and no matter what means are used.
The carving up of the African plate is just like dividing other territories in the world. The great powers allocate it based on the two principles of capital and strength. They all regard preemptive occupation as their highest creed. The powerful Britain relies on its Cape Colony in the south.
and its position in Egypt, it plans to move north and south, annex large areas of northeastern Africa, eastern Africa and southern Africa, and establish a British colonial empire that runs across the African continent from Cairo in the north to Cape Town in the south, which is the so-called 2c plan
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As Britain's main competitor is France, it attempts to conquer the countries of the Maghreb, East and West Sudan and the Congo River Basin, and establish a French African colony starting from the mouth of the Senegal River on the Atlantic Ocean, passing through Lake Chad to Somalia, the so-called
2s plan.
Germany emerged relatively late and only started to get involved in Africa in 1880, so it controlled relatively few resources and areas. However, its goal was to establish a German equatorial African colony along both sides of equatorial Africa from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean.
As for the smaller countries, such as Italy, Belgium, Spain and Portugal, they took advantage of the opposing interests, frictions and conflicts between the big powers to obtain some colonies or maintain their original colonies.
When the great powers divide the territory of the African plate, they not only want to grab a generous share for themselves, but also weaken the other party and destroy the other party's hegemony. In the fierce competition, they accuse each other, curse each other, and even resort to force, but sometimes
They also used African land as a bargaining chip to compromise with each other, conduct negotiations, and reach an agreement on sharing the spoils.
According to the initiative of King Leopold II of Belgium, the International Geographic Conference was held in Brussels in September 1876. The meeting decided to establish the "International Association for the Exploration and Civilization of China and Africa". Branches were established in various countries. In November, the Belgian branch was announced and established.
Raising 500,000 francs as the cost of the expedition, Leopold II sent Stanley to lead a group of colonists in 1879 and once again went deep into the Congo River basin. Under the gold star and blue flag of the International Congo Association, he went up the river and forced the local chiefs to
Nearly 450 protection treaties were signed and 40 colonial strongholds were established.
At the same time, the French colonist Brazzah advanced from Gabon to the Congo River Basin, forcing local chiefs to sign protection treaties along the way, establishing strongholds, and occupying large areas of land on the north bank of the Congo River. In 1880, he established a settlement on the north bank of the Congo River Lake District (Pool).
captured the city of Brazzaville and took the lead in controlling the outlet of the Congo River.
When Stanley arrived at the southern bank of the Congo River Lake District a few months later than Brazzah, he had a direct conflict with France. Stanley declared the treaty signed by France Brazzat invalid and forced the local chiefs to enter into a similar protection treaty. In 1882, he took possession of
Portugal in Angola also claimed possession of both sides of the Congo River mouth. In this way, Belgium, France and Portugal launched a fierce struggle for the lower reaches of the Congo River.
Britain, Germany, and the United States also took the opportunity to participate in the fight for the Congo River Basin. In early 1884, Britain and Portugal signed a treaty. Britain recognized that Portugal occupied both sides of the Congo River mouth and the Atlantic coast from 5 to 8 degrees south latitude, and Portugal agreed that Britain had equal trade rights.
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This treaty aroused strong opposition from France, Belgium, Germany and the United States. In order to oppose Anglo-Portuguese collusion, France recognized the International Association's ownership of the Congo River estuary. Germany and the United States also announced their support for the International Association's opposition to Anglo-Portuguese. They believed that the small country Belgium occupied the Congo River estuary.
It is conducive to the penetration of its own forces into the region, and it can also limit the further expansion of its powerful rival, Britain, in Africa. Faced with the opposition of several major powers, Britain was isolated and forced to make concessions. In June, it announced that the Anglo-Portuguese Treaty would cease to take effect.
In 1884, under the auspices of Bismarck, the Berlin Conference was held, attended by 15 countries including Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, the United States, Russia, and Portugal. The conference signed a general protocol including 36 articles. The Berlin Conference was a
The conference that nakedly carves up Africa is a new starting point for the great powers to compete for Africa.
After the Berlin Conference, based on the principle of effective occupation, the great powers brutally conquered the African people by force. According to the agreement that territorial possession must be notified to all contracting states, a series of bilateral agreements were signed and the spheres of influence were divided. Britain, France, and Germany carried out military campaigns in West Africa.
There was a fierce battle.
France advanced along the Senegal River to the Niger River and successively occupied Senegal, Guinea, Upper Volta, Mali, Dahomey and Niger. In addition to continuing to invade the Gold Coast, Britain stepped up its expansion in the middle and lower reaches of the Niger River, turning Nigeria into its own colony and protection.
collar.
Germany declared its occupation of Togo and Cameroon in 1884. In this way, Britain, France and Germany clashed everywhere along the Niger River and Lake Chad. The Anglo-German Treaty concluded in 1893 and the Franco-German Treaty concluded in 1894 divided Cameroon.
Regarding borders, the 1897 Agreement demarcated Togo's borders, and the 1898 Anglo-French Agreement determined the spheres of influence of both parties in the Niger River Basin.
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