On the morning of January 22nd, Liu Bingzhong, who was in charge of the urban planning of the new city of Dadu in Mongolia, introduced the layout of the new city of Dadu to Kublai Khan in detail during the court meeting. According to Liu Bingzhong’s plan, the entire new city of Dadu formed a long pattern with a slightly longer north and south. The palace is located The southern part of the city is a square shape. The lake occupies nearly 20% of the area. It is divided into South Lake and North Lake. The gates of Dadu City are designated as eleven gates. To the north are Jiandemen and Anzhenmen. To the south are Shunchengmen. , Lizhengmen, Wenmingmen. To the west are Suqingmen, Heyimen and Pingzemen. To the east are Guangximen, Chongrenmen and Qihuamen.
After listening to the introduction, Kublai Khan looked at the floor plan and said, "Liu Aiqing, just build it like this. The main project of the current imperial city has been completed. How long will it take to build the entire new city of Shangdu?"
"Back to the Great Khan. I estimate that it will take another two years to see the beginning of the work. It will take at least ten years to complete the project."
"Okay." Kublai Khan said with satisfaction. "Liu Aiqing, no matter what problems you encounter when building the new city of Dadu, you can come directly to this Khan."
"Yes. Profuse sweat."
The Shangdu New City designed and planned by Liu Bingzhong laid the foundation for Beijing, the capital of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Most of them were historically known as the winter capital of the Yuan Dynasty. Kaiping, the original central capital, was called the summer capital.
Kublai Khan laughed loudly and said to all the officials in the big tent: "At the beginning of this month, the elders (referring to Monk Zicong, Liu Bingzhong, etc.) came to the court to apply for a memorial. It said that it was a great cause. It should be settled in Hongming as early as possible. .This matter will be reported by the Khan. My dear friends, at the court meeting on the first day of next month, we will draw up the new name of our country."
"Yes. Profuse sweat."
The Mongolian National Preceptor Pasiba said: "The new Mongolian characters created by the Great Khan have been completed a few days ago. Please review it."
"National Preceptor, I will discuss this matter with you and others in the near future. I will withdraw from the court."
The new Mongolian characters mentioned by Pasiba were developed based on the Tubo characters at that time. They were used to replace the Mongolian characters whose phonetic pronunciation was not accurate enough.
On the first day of February, Kublai Khan held a special court meeting in the large tent of Dadu Palace to discuss the change of Mongolia's country's name. Only high-level officials of Mongolia and the God of Tianya, Yin Tianya, participated in this court meeting.
"I will see you, the Great Khan."
"Without courtesy," Kublai Khan said. "Dear sirs, today we are discussing the issue of a new national title for Mongolia. Do you have any suggestions?"
Liu Bingzhong first reported: "The Great Khan and his ministers suggested that the founding name of the country should be 'Dayuan'. This is based on the meaning of 'Great Qianyuan' in the Book of Changes."
The word Dazai Qianyuan comes from the "Book of Changes". Its meaning is, "The sky is very vast."
Hao Jing, Yao Shu, Xu Heng and other Han ministers naturally understood the meaning of Dazai Qianyuan. They all agreed: "Great Khan, Mr. Liu's proposal is very good. I second it."
Yin Tianya expressed his position on behalf of shamanism: "My dynasty is vast and boundless. It is very appropriate to use 'Great Qianyuan' to express it. I agree."
Immediately, Zhenjin, Boyan, Basiba, Ahema and other Mongolian factions also expressed their support for Liu Bingzhong's proposal.
"Great Yuan. Great Yuan. 'Da Zai Qian Yuan'. Okay. What a great Yuan." Kublai Khan laughed loudly and said. "That's it. Real gold. You and the emperor's master, Liu Aiqing, Yao Shu and Yao Aiqing. Let’s handle this together.”
"Yes. Father (Great) Khan."
Kublai Khan was in a good mood. He then said: "Liu Aiqing accepts the title."
"I'm here."
"Liu Aiqing. In recognition of your contribution in designing and supervising the construction of the capital city and the new imperial palace, I will appoint you as the Taibao of the Guanglu Doctor. You will be promoted to the first rank by joining the Secretariat to save trouble."
Liu Bingzhong was surprised for a moment. He knelt down and said thanks: "My lord, Liu Bingzhong, thanks the Khan for this gift."
Although Dr. Guanglu only held the position of a literary official, since the Yuan Dynasty, he has been an official of the first rank. His title is equivalent to the first level of a county king. In the entire Yuan Dynasty, the Han people were the only ministers to receive such a distinguished honor. Liu Bingzhong was the only one.
After Liu Bingzhong's death, Kublai Khan presented it to his Taifu.
He was granted the title of Duke of Zhao, posthumously named Wenzhen. During the Chengzong period of the Yuan Dynasty, he was posthumously granted the title of Grand Master, posthumously named Wenzheng. During the reign of Renzong, he was granted the title of King of Changshan again. Liu Bingzhong was proficient in the art of Yi. He was also granted the title of Yin Tianya to teach shaman secrets. A few years later,
He became the most outstanding master of Yi studies in the Yuan Dynasty.
According to the legend of later generations, Liu Bingzhong was able to know things that happened five hundred years ago. According to the "Yongzhuan Xiaopin" written by Zhu Guozhen, the first assistant of the Ming Dynasty, Liu Bingzhong's tomb was stolen during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. There was a stone inscription inside that said: The thief was
Li Huai. The incident reached the government and the tomb robber was arrested. It was indeed Li Huai. Of course, the accuracy of the ancient records needs to be verified.
"Liu Aiqing, Pingsheng, dear friends, according to the suggestion of the god, I decided to move into the Xincheng Palace on the 25th, an auspicious day of this month."
In "History of the Yuan Dynasty. The Benji of Shizu", there is a very simple passage that can briefly explain the reason why Kublai Khan changed from the Great Khan of Mongolia to the Emperor of China. This passage is precise and appropriate. The text reads: "Shizu Lianghong
He is broad, he knows people well, he trusts Confucianism, he uses his ability to change the barbarians from Xia, and he establishes the classics. Therefore, he is the ruler of one generation, and his scale is grand."
On the surface, the Yuan Dynasty and Mongolia only have different country names, but their meanings are quite different.
On February 25th, Kublai Khan entered the new palace in Dadu and held the first court meeting in the new palace. The first court meeting of the Yuan Dynasty.
Kublai Khan sat high on the golden steps in front of the palace. He looked at the entire palace hall with satisfaction. After accepting the courtesy of hundreds of officials, he knelt down and said: "Dear sirs, I hereby announce that from today onwards, our country of Mongolia
The name was officially changed to the Dayuan Empire. The country was named Dayuan. This Khan was the first emperor of the Dayuan Empire. Our Dayuan Empire not only includes the Mongols and the Semu people of the Western Regions, but also includes the Han, Jin, and Tibetan people.
The Tibetan people, ministers, etc. each perform their duties and maintain the status quo. After the Southern Dynasty is eliminated, I will reward you according to my merits after unifying the world. Everyone, I have repeatedly emphasized the significance of changing the country's name. That is this Khan.
We must not only consistently maintain the unity of the Mongolian Empire, maintain the traditions of the Mongolian people, but also become the ruler of the Central Plains Dynasty. Next, I will first read the "Edict on the Founding of the Nation."
The ministers in the main hall all had solemn expressions. They listened carefully to Kublai Khan's declaration: "To create a glorious destiny, to be respected all over the world, you must have a good name. To establish a hundred kings and establish a system, to start from the beginning, and to be independent.
In my family, the Tang Dynasty was for talking and talking. Yao was famous for it; the Yu Dynasty was for talking and music. Shun was famous for it. He was tamed to Yu.
When the Tang Dynasty was established, they were named Xia Dynasty and Yinzhong. The world came down to return. Things were different from ancient times. Although there was a country in time, it was not based on profit and was named. It was called the Qin Dynasty and the Han Dynasty. The name of the place was written from the beginning; it is said
The Sui Dynasty refers to those in the Tang Dynasty, because they are the lords and cities they have been granted. These are all based on the evil customs seen and heard by the common people. They need to be expedient for the time being, and they can be regarded as public. There is no shortage of them.
I am demoted. I, Emperor Shengwu of Taizu, hold the Qian Fu and stand up from the earth. I use my divine force to imitate the emperor's map. The sound of the sky is shaken. The earth is vast. The map is so vast. It has never been seen in ancient times. The elders stayed in Yiting. Application for memorial.
.It is said that it has been accomplished in a great cause. It should be determined by Hongming as early as possible. It should be taken for granted in the ancient system. What does it mean to me? The founding name of the country is Dayuan.
. Take the meaning of "Qian Yuan" from the "Book of Changes". This is the manifold of Daye in the common people. Who is the name of the merits of the beginning? It gives one person peace of mind to all nations. Especially the importance of benevolence. Things follow the cause of change. Taoist association
Heaven and man, in the play, are justified and famous. The bandits are praised for it; the blessings and rest are eternal. They are still worthy of the hardships. The glory and blessing of heaven are shared. "
Kublai Khan's voice was loud and full of energy, allowing the ministers to hear clearly.
It can be seen from this "Edict on the Founding of the Kingdom" that the Yuan Dynasty established by Kublai Khan was the continuation of China's feudal dynasty. It was the continuation of Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, Qin, Han, Sui and Tang Dynasties. The so-called: "Shao a hundred kings and establish a unified system." The edict also regards the great cause of unification from Genghis Khan to Kublai Khan as a "great cause" that is "unprecedented in ancient times". That is to say, this achievement is unmatched by any monarch in ancient times. Therefore, the word "Mongolia" is used The name of the nation is no longer enough to express the meaning of the new dynasty.
Kublai Khan knew very well that the current situation focused on the war between Song and Mongolia. In the Mongolian army, the number of Han soldiers had exceeded that of Mongolian soldiers. And in the court, the weight of Han ministers was also increasing. At the same time, the siege of Xiangyang in the Southern Dynasty was a long-term and continuous battle. It required a large amount of food and military supplies. Most of these military supplies relied on the farming and manufacturing of the Han people. Therefore, Kublai Khan also hoped to use the Yuan Empire to win over Live in the heart of the Han people.
Of course, everything has advantages and disadvantages. Although Kublai Khan's approach was of great benefit to his intention to unify the Central Plains, it was also because of this that other descendants of Genghis Khan seemed to have found a reason to rebel. After that, they announced their separation from Kublai. Kublai Khan's control. So much so that Haidu, who once supported Alibaba, formed an alliance against Kublai Khan in West Asia and Central Asia.
All the Mongolian ministers in the new palace knelt down and said loudly: "I will see you, Your Majesty. Long live the Emperor. Long live the Emperor."
"Dear dear friends, please forgive me."
"Thank you, Your Majesty."
Kublai Khan said with great pride: "My dear friends, as the emperor of the Great Yuan Empire, I will surely lead our dynasty to unify the world and create a new history. Let our Great Yuan Empire become the strongest empire that has ever existed. For generations to come, let us live forever. The blessings of heaven are everywhere covered by the sun. Life and death are immortal."
"Long live the Emperor."
"National Preceptor Pasiba."
"I'm here."
"The new Mongolian characters can be implemented immediately. You will work with relevant ministries to draft an edict and promote it within our country."
"Yes, Your Majesty. I obey your order."
Kublai Khan made his capital Dadu and changed the country's name to "Dayuan". This showed that the country he ruled no longer belonged to the Mongolian nation. It also showed Kublai Khan's desire to become the orthodox successor of the feudal dynasty in the Central Plains.
In February of the fifth year of Xianchun (1269), Kublai Khan changed the name of the country to "Dayuan" based on the ancient Han Chinese document "The Book of Changes". Mongolia started from Genghis Khan. After decades, it was renamed the Yuan Dynasty. This is more Historically, the Yuan Dynasty was officially established in November of the seventh year of Xianchun (1271), more than two years earlier.