In the evening, Zheng Kang suddenly knocked on the door and said, "Master Qiwei, Mr. Xie is here."
"Oh," Yu Feng said, "Why is he here so late?"
Zheng Kang then said: "Master Xie seems to be injured."
Hearing Zheng Kang's words, Yu Feng stood up and said, "Let's go and have a look." Hearing Yu Feng's words, Zheng Kang hurriedly led the way. Yu Feng saw Xie Ye in the side room. He only saw Xie Ye's face was pale.
There were still faint traces of blood on his body, and his men were even worse. Now the next two who followed him were even worse. The previous time Xie Ye went out, if he hadn't been cheering for others, he would have been in trouble.
Yu Feng asked: "Are you injured?"
After hearing Yu Feng's words, Xie Ye showed a look of gratitude and said, "I have nothing to do..."
Pointing to the two surviving men behind him, Xie Ye continued: "Both of them were injured."
Yu Feng said: "Hel the two of you down and take good care of them."
After Yu Feng finished speaking, two of Xie Ye's men naturally helped him down. Yu Feng said, "You are not allowed to come in without my order."
"It's my lord." After saying that, everyone left the room and stood guard outside the door.
Yu Feng said: "What's going on? How could you do this?"
However, Xie Ye smiled bitterly and shook his head without answering. He put his hand in his arms and took out a transfer order from the Ministry of War. Yu Feng opened it and saw that it was Xie Ye's transfer order, saying that Xie Ye would be transferred to the Hungry Wolf Army.
Xie Ye said: "I'm afraid I have to live with you for a while."
Yu Feng frowned and Xie Ye smiled and said, "Don't you dare me to leave?"
Yu Feng shook his head and said, "It's not like you don't know the situation I'm in. I'm afraid you won't be safe if you live here now."
Xie Ye said bitterly: "I'm afraid the entire Di Du except the imperial palace is safe here."
Xie Ye saw Yu Feng's puzzled look and said, "Of course I know a little more than you in all these years in Di Du. Your Majesty cannot protect a person openly. There must be more in the dark."
The experts are nearby."
After hearing Xie Ye's words, Yu Feng nodded and said, "It's okay if you want to stay."
At this time, suddenly there was a loud "dong" sound outside, and then Yufeng heard a very familiar voice. Yufeng walked out excitedly, opened the door and looked at the sky. Xie Ye followed him. Yufeng was excited.
After a long while, he stammered and pointed at the sky and said, "Then... what... is that?"
"Fireworks." Xie Ye looked with disdain. After Yu Feng heard Xie Ye's words, he spoke again after a long time: "Tell me again, what is that?"
Xie Ye said strangely: "Fireworks."
Then Xie Ye asked: "Have you never seen fireworks?"
Yu Feng nodded and then shook his head. Xie Ye next to him looked at Yu Feng with a complicated expression. Yu Feng looked at the sky without saying a word. Yu Feng was still looking at the sky long after the fireworks were set off.
Ken lowered his head.
Xie Ye also followed Yu Feng's gaze to the sky with a curious look on his face but found nothing.
Suddenly Yu Feng laughed wildly and could be heard in the whole yard. The guards who had no idea what was happening hurriedly gathered around and looked around with vigilance. Yu Feng waved his hand and said: "Everyone get down...get down..."
Yu Feng suddenly turned his head and said to Xie Ye with shining eyes: "Help me find some masters who make fireworks and come over..."
Yu Feng said with a serious face: "I owe you a favor."
Hearing Yu Feng's words, Xie Ye was shocked and couldn't help but said: "Seriously?"
Yu Feng said: "Seriously."
Xie Ye said: "Although there are few fireworks makers, we can still find them."
Where there are fireworks, there will naturally be gunpowder. If there is gunpowder, there will naturally be Huotong cannons. Gunpowder is one of China's four great inventions. Gunpowder is a mixture of sulfur, saltpeter, and charcoal.
In the Neolithic Age, people knew charcoal as a fuel when firing pottery. During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, people widely used charcoal in metallurgy. Charcoal has less ash than firewood and is stronger than firewood, so it is a better fuel than firewood. Sulfur has existed naturally for a long time.
People mine it. They are often exposed to sulfur in life and production. For example, hot springs will release the smell of sulfur, and the sulfur dioxide released when smelting metals will be pungent and unpleasant, which will leave an impression on people.
The earliest nitrate mastered by the ancients was probably the soil nitrate in the corners and under the roof. The chemical nature of nitrate is very active and can react with many substances. Its color is not much different from other salts. It is easy to make mistakes in use. In practice, people mastered it.
Some methods of identifying saltpeter have been developed. Tao Hongjing of the Southern and Northern Dynasties said in the "Collected Commentary on the Book of Grass and Trees": "The clouds of purple and green smoke from fire are saltpeter." This is similar to the modern method of using flame reaction to identify potassium salts (the saltpeter is
The main ingredient is potassium nitrate). More attention is paid to it. Although people have a certain understanding of the properties of saltpeter, sulfur, and charcoal, it is still the work of alchemists to put saltpeter, sulfur, and charcoal together in a certain proportion to make gunpowder.
Sulfur was once used as an important medicinal material. In the "Shen Nong's Materia Medica" of the Han Dynasty, saltpeter was listed as the sixth best medicine and it was believed that it could cure more than 20 kinds of diseases. Sulfur was listed as the third best traditional Chinese medicine and could cure 10
Many diseases. In this way, people studied saltpeter and sulfur. Before the invention of gunpowder, fire attack was a common offensive method used by military strategists. At that time, a weapon called rocket was used in fire attack. It was made by binding some grease or rosin to the arrowhead.
, flammable substances such as sulfur are ignited and then fired with a bow to burn the enemy's positions. If gunpowder is used instead of general flammable substances, the effect will be much better. Before the invention of gunpowder, a trebuchet was commonly used to throw stones and defend cities.
Grease fireballs were used to destroy enemies. After the invention of gunpowder, trebuchets were used to throw gunpowder packets instead of stones and grease fireballs. According to the "Nine Kingdoms" written by Lu Zhen of the Song Dynasty, during the reign of Emperor Ai of the Tang Dynasty (10th century), King Zheng led his army to attack Yuzhang (today's
Nanchang, Jiangxi Province) "fired from an engine" and burned down the Longsha Gate of the city. This may be the earliest record of the use of gunpowder to attack the city.
In the Song Dynasty, gunpowder weapons developed rapidly. According to the "History of the Song Dynasty: Soldiers' Records": In 970 AD, the Ministry of War ordered Shi Feng Jisheng to introduce the rocket method. This method is to use the gunpowder to burn and spray backward after igniting the gunpowder barrel tied to the front end of the arrow shaft.
The reaction force of the gas shot out the arrow cluster, which was the world's earliest fire-throwing firearm. In 1000 AD, Tang Fu, the captain of the divine guard who was a soldier, presented the rockets, fireballs, fire caltrops and other firearms he made to the Song court. In 1002
Jizhou regiment commander Ship Pu also made rockets, fireballs and other firearms and performed them.
The emergence of gunpowder weapons on the battlefield heralds a series of changes in military history. The transition from the stage of using cold weapons to the stage of using firearms. The initial form of gunpowder used in weapons mainly utilized the burning properties of gunpowder. "General Martial Arts"
The early gunpowder weapons recorded in the book have not yet departed from the category of arson weapons in traditional fire attacks. With the development of gunpowder and gunpowder weapons, they gradually transitioned to utilizing the explosive properties of gunpowder.
Gunpowder mixed with potassium nitrate, sulfur, and charcoal powder is called black gunpowder or brown gunpowder. This mixture is extremely flammable and burns quite violently. If gunpowder burns in a closed container, it will explode. Gunpowder burns
It can produce a large amount of gas (nitrogen, carbon dioxide) and heat. The volume of the originally small solid gunpowder suddenly expands to thousands of times, and the container will explode. This is the explosive energy of gunpowder. Use gunpowder to burn and
The explosive energy can make a variety of firearms. The gunpowder weapons used in the Northern Song Dynasty for different purposes were all made using the principle of black gunpowder combustion and explosion. Tribulus fireballs and poison smoke balls are firearms with relatively small explosive power.
In the late Northern Song Dynasty, firearms with relatively high explosive power were called "Thunderbolt Cannon" and "Thunderbolt" also appeared. This type of firearm was mainly used for attacking fortresses or defending cities. In 1126 AD, when Li Gang was defending Kaifeng, he used Thunderbolt Cannon to repel the Jin soldiers.
Siege. The war between the Jin Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty further improved the artillery. The Zhentian Lei is an iron firearm and an explosive weapon with an iron shell. When the Yuan army attacked Nanjing of the Jin Dynasty (today's Kaifeng, Henan), the Jin soldiers used this when they defended the city.
A kind of weapon. "History of the Jin Dynasty" has this description of Thunder Thunder: "The sound of gunpowder is like thunder, and the heat reaches half an acre, and all human and cowhide are shattered, leaving no trace, and all armor and iron are penetrated." This description may be a bit exaggerated, but it is
It is a true portrayal of the power of gunpowder.
Gunpowder is a great invention, especially used in the military. Due to the invention of gunpowder, cannons and fire systems were created, which brought war into the era of hot weapons.
In ancient times, shooting firearms mainly referred to tubular firearms. The late Ming and early Qing Dynasties were the peak period of development. Not only were there a wide variety of firearms, but their shapes also became increasingly complex.
Tubular firearms were first invented by Chen Gui, a man from the Song Dynasty. Chen Gui was a man from Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong) who was proficient in military technology and a resourceful strategist. In 1132, the Jin soldiers marched southward.
The military and political officials of De'an Prefecture in Hubei Province (today's Anlu County) fled in a hurry. The soldiers and people who stayed in the city recommended Chen Gui to take charge of the defense of the city. It was during this battle to defend De'an that Chen Gui created the world's earliest
The tubular fire-fighting firearm is called a "musket".
The original form of the musket was very simple. In the past, common muskets used bamboo tubes or paper tubes to hold gunpowder and then tied it to the head of a long gun. When fighting, the gunpowder fuse was lit to both burn and stab people. Strictly speaking, this primitive musket was still a
It is a kind of cold weapon. The "fire gun" invented by Chen Chu is different. It uses a thick and long bamboo tube to make a barrel with gunpowder inside. During a battle, the gunpowder is ignited and the flame is ejected from the mouth of the barrel to burn the enemy soldiers. This
Two people were required to carry the muskets. Chen Gui used more than 20 long bamboo pole muskets to shoot at the enemy soldiers attacking the city from the bridge during the defense battle of De'an. This was considered a fierce firepower at the time and it was difficult for the enemy soldiers to break through the wall of fire.
The tubular firearms used by the Song and Jin people were mainly muskets, which the Jin people also called "flying muskets".
This kind of tubular firearm can only eject gunpowder directly into the flame tube. The flame has a small killing effect and a limited burning range. Compared with guns loaded with projectiles, it is much inferior. However, under the conditions at the time, it was better than the firearms thrown by external force in the past. Another great progress. It effectively used the large amount of gas generated when gunpowder burned rapidly to suddenly increase the pressure in the gun barrel and spray flames. The earliest launchable "zi nest" in my country was created in Fufu (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province).
The sudden fire gun. This kind of gun is improved on the basis of the musket. It also uses giant bamboo as the barrel. The barrel is filled with gunpowder and the "zi nest" is fired. When it is fired, it sprays flames and shoots out the "zi nest". The so-called "zi nest"
It was a bullet hole filled with porcelain shards, broken iron, stones and the like. This was the predecessor of the later tubular firearm projectiles. At that time, the "fire gun" already had the three basic elements of a firing firearm.
——Barrel, gunpowder and bullets. This is a big step forward than the conventional "musket". The musket is the earliest firing firearm in the world. Its range increases and the sound is like thunder and can be heard for more than 150 steps.
Later, the Mongolian army also imitated the style of the tug-of-war and made a bamboo fire tube. This new type of firearm made great achievements during the Western Expedition.
Bamboo and wooden muskets and fire barrels were fragile and easily burned or exploded by gunpowder, and had short range and low power and could not be used for a long time. Therefore, by the end of the 13th century and the beginning of the 14th century, metal tubular firearms officially appeared. The earliest discovered in our country so far
The metal tubular firearm is a copper firegun cast in 1332 and is now preserved in the Chinese History Museum in Beijing. The diameter of this copper firegun is 10.6 cm, long, 37 cm, and weighs about 14 kg. The body of the gun has the inscription "Suiyuan to fight against the invaders."
". This copper firegun is also the earliest copper firegun discovered in the world. It is more than half a century older than the earliest bronze gun in Europe. The earliest gun discovered by Europeans was in Romania, Sweden in 1861.
A small bottle-shaped gun made of bronze excavated in Sirte is now preserved in the Swedish National Museum of History in Stockholm. This bottle-shaped gun is only 30 centimeters long and was cast in the second half of the 14th century.
At present, there is an earlier metal musket preserved in our country, which is a copper gun made in 1351. The caliber of this copper gun is 3 cm long, 44 cm, and weighs 4.25 kg. The body of the gun has the inscription "she pierces a hundred holes and the sound vibrates for nine days".
At that time, the infantry and cavalry were using firearms when charging into battle. This kind of firearm was lighter in weight, short and easy to carry. In 1355, when Zhu Yuanzhang was stationed in Hezhou (now Hexian, Anhui), a man with burnt jade presented dozens of fire dragon spears to Zhu Yuanzhang. Zhu Yuanzhang
Xu Da, the general, was ordered to try out the "Fire Dragon Spear" and it fired like a flying dragon through a layer of revolution. It was indeed very powerful. Zhu Yuanzhang said happily at the time: "This spear can conquer the world like a flip-side palm. If you succeed, you will be named a general."
So Jiao Yu was left to supervise the manufacture of firearms in the army. In the early Ming Dynasty, most of the various copper fire blunderbuss in the army were researched and trial-produced by Jiao Yu.
In ancient my country, the distinction between guns and artillery was not clear, and there were no certain formats and standards at first.
From the Northern Song Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, there was no clear distinction between the concepts of trebuchets, guns, cannons and incendiary firearms and explosive firearms, so there were many conceptual overlaps in the classification. For example, trebuchets were called "guns" and later bombs and landmines.
, mines are also called "cannons". After the emergence of metal tubular firearms, the ones with larger calibers are called cannons, barrels, and blunderbuss; the smaller calibers are called guns, and some are also called barrels or blunderbuss. The Ming Dynasty Military Book said: "The larger ones use carts."
For smaller and smaller ones, use frames, stakes, and props to protect small ones and facilitate battles." From this, it can be seen that ancient man-made guns were used for infantry, while cavalry required short and light cannons to carry them in battle, so large cannons were used to defend cities and attack fortresses.
The power of vehicle-mounted shipping or the construction of fixed forts was powerful enough to conquer the fortress and resist the opponent's attack. This distinction between large and small basically determined the different development directions of later guns and artillery.
The characteristics of the development of tubular firearms in our country are: the barrel of artillery goes from small to large to long explosive bombs. The barrel of musket goes from short to long, the caliber goes from large to small, the weight goes from heavy to light, the gun shape goes from straight to curved handle.
Gun handles, guns and cannons have developed from having no sights to having sights. In short, by the middle of the 19th century, guns and cannons were still in the stage of front loading, smooth bore, and ignition with a match rope. In order to facilitate weapon research, weapon experts classified ancient firearms into
Medium-caliber, heavy-weight infantry that are inconvenient for cavalry to hold are classified into the artillery category; small-caliber, small-volume, tubular firearms that can be manipulated by light infantry cavalry are classified into the gun category.
After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, various types of muskets became more and more diverse. From the structure, the muskets of the Ming Dynasty can be divided into two types: those without sights and those with sights. Most of the muskets without sights were created before the 15th century. They are characterized by their short barrels and weight.
It has a straight handle with a larger caliber, front loading, smooth bore, and is fired with a match rope; the musket equipped with a sight is designed with reference to the structure of the Franco machine. It was founded in the Zhengde period of the Ming Dynasty. "Shotgun" also appeared during this period. From the form of the Ming Dynasty musket
It can also be divided into single-barreled guns and multi-barreled guns. The main types of single-barreled guns are: divine gun, hand-held copper gun, divine gun, thieves-attacking Bianstone gun, flying divine fire and poisonous dragon gun, divine machine Wansheng fire dragon knife, iron cylindrical gun
Lei Fei, Big Wind Chasing Gun, Fortune Cycle Cannon, Sword Gun, Gun Stick Wansheng Fran Machine, Hundred Pioneers, etc. The main types of multi-barreled guns are: clamp-handled gun, three-eyed gun, five-eyed gun, seven-star gun,
There are non-bullet blunderbuss, straight and horizontal blunderbuss, eight-fight blunderbuss, five-thunder blunderbuss, three-jet blunderbuss and mine-guiding blunderbuss.
The most commonly used single-barreled gun in the Ming Dynasty was the single-barreled gun, which was composed of single-barreled guns and multi-shot single-barreled guns. There are mainly the following types: 1. The magic gun was used in the early years of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty based on the conquest of Annan (today's
It is a copy of the Annam Gun that was acquired during the War in Northern Vietnam. It has a longer barrel than the muskets made in the Ming Dynasty and has a longer range. It can be used to fire both lead bullets and arrows. After loading the ammunition into the gun, there is a piece of iron
"Musongzi" made of Limu. "Tielimu" is a hard wood produced in Guangdong during the Ming Dynasty. It is heavy and powerful, so it is called "Tielimu". Add another arrow to the "Musongzi"
She can travel up to 300 steps. Similar to this, there is the "thief-killing blunderbuss", which is made of iron with a body tube 3 feet long and a wooden handle 2 feet long.
The same journey also reaches 300 steps.
2. The Flying Divine Fire Poison Dragon Spear The Flying Divine Fire Poison Dragon Spear can be made of copper or iron. The barrel is 1.5 feet long and contains a lead bullet in the middle. The end has a hairpin-shaped blade that is 2.5 inches long and is coated with poison. There are two wires attached to the barrel. A poisonous fire tube contains a fire-breathing poison. When the enemy is far away, it can fire lead bullets; when the distance is close, it can spray flames and poisonous smoke; when engaging in hand-to-hand combat with the enemy, it can also stab the enemy with the tip of the spear. This is the earliest in my country. A gun with a bayonet appears.
Such firearms mentioned in the military books of the Ming Dynasty include the Horse-Inverted Fire Snake Divine Stick Dangtianlai Kou Yin Yang Shovel, etc. From these magical names, it can be seen that this kind of musket can be used in a variety of ways, almost magically, and can display its divine power in battle.
3. Swords and guns, including the single-eyed gun, divine gun, flying divine fire and poisonous dragon gun, etc. are all single-barreled guns without sights.
Sword guns and the single-barreled guns introduced below are equipped with sights and lengthened barrels. The sword gun body is 4.8 feet long and weighs 8 pounds. The barrel is equipped with a 9-inch long blade at the rear. The wooden handle is 2 feet long and the remainder is after the middle section.
There is a star at the mouth of the barrel that is bent downward. There is a rear sight at the end of the barrel. The star and rear sight were the sights of the gun at that time. The body of the gun
There is a fire door in the middle. The gun is loaded with lead bullets. Each lead bullet weighs 3 qian each time it is fired. When fired in parallel, the gun barrel contains 3 qian of gunpowder and has a range of more than 200 steps. The sword gun is also a tubular firearm with three uses. The enemy
When far away, it is used to shoot at the enemy. When close, it can be used as a stick to swing. The spear head with the wooden handle turned upside down can also be used as a spear.
4. The barrel of the big wind chasing gun is 4 feet 9 inches long including the tail. The rear 5 inches are installed into the wooden handle. The inner handle is 1 foot 9 inches long and the handle is bent downward. The total weight is 18 kilograms. The lead used weighs 6 pounds each.
A gun with 5 coins and 6 coins loaded with gunpowder can reach more than 200 steps at a level. Each gun is operated by two soldiers. When firing, the butt of the gun is placed on an iron tripod. One person holds the gun, aims at it, and the other ignites the gun.
5. Thunder Gun The Thunder Gun was created by Zhao Shizhen in 1598 based on the bird gun. The Thunder Gun has 5 barrels, each 2 feet long and weighing more than 10 kilograms. The barrels are installed on two discs at the front and rear, with a long wooden handle perched in the center.
The "receiver" with the firing device is also equipped with a special hatchet and a round plate with a radius of 1 foot 6 inches. The gun head is mounted on the end of the handle. Each barrel is equipped with a front sight and a rear sight. When firing, the round plate is placed on the handle.
Insert the blunderbuss hatchet upside down on the ground and use it to set the gun. Aim the tap of the receiver at the fire door of one barrel. Press the tap to fire. The five barrels will fire in turn. If the five guns are discharged and there is no time to reload the ammunition, you can
Remove the circle card, turn the barrel of the gun upside down, and use the long spear head to assassinate the approaching enemy.
This type of multi-barreled gun equipped with a sight has a longer barrel and a smaller firing caliber. Its firing speed and range are significantly improved. More importantly, the hit rate is improved and the firing mechanism becomes more scientific and precise.
Some guns use a multi-barreled rotating gun, which has a similar function as a machine gun. When firing, it can fire continuously without giving the enemy a chance to breathe. From these characteristics, it can be seen that this type of musket is closer to modern rifles.
A step further than muskets with sights is the "shotgun". It is the closest to a modern rifle among ancient Chinese firearms. In 1558, when the soldiers and civilians in the southeastern coastal area of my country were fighting Japanese pirates, they obtained the shotgun from the captured Japanese pirates. It was also called "Bird Beak Gun" or "Bird Gun". The gun body is made of wrought iron and weighs about 5 to 6 pounds. It is equipped with a front sight and a rear sight. The gun body is about 3 feet long and is embedded in a wooden gun bed (gun stock). ) gun bed is about 5 to 7 feet long, with a handle at the back and bent downwards for easy grasping. A 2-inch gun barrel protrudes from the mouth of the gun. The gun barrel is forged from red-hot iron and then drilled into a tube with a square steel cone. There is a fire door at the rear and the gun bed is covered with a "faucet" and a "gage" (trigger) at the rear. There is a stick (bar) weighing 3 taels in the gun bed to push gunpowder and projectiles. Each time the gun bed is loaded with black 3 qian of se gunpowder is loaded into the front of the gun. Each lead weighs 3 qian. In addition, each gun is equipped with a match rope 2 feet long and weighing 3 taels.
When firing, light the match rope and press the faucet to open the fire door cover. Hold the gun bed with your left hand and hold the tail of the gun tightly with your right hand. Use your right index finger to push the gauge back (pull the trigger). When the faucet falls on the fire door, the powder will be fired. According to Song Yingxing: Shotgun
When firing, "with one shot, the feathers and flesh of any bird encountered within thirty paces will be shattered; only fifty paces away, there will be a gestalt." This kind of bird-beaked blunderbuss has a long barrel, so the bullets fired are "far and powerful."
"The penetrating power is strong and the hit accuracy is high. When there is a wooden bed launcher under the blunderbuss tube, you can hold the front of the blunderbuss with your left hand to prevent the blunderbuss body from shaking. In addition, the biggest difference between the bird-bill blunderbuss and various previous muskets
It is equipped with a "faucet" and a "gage". The "gage" is what is now called a "trigger". It was invented by Western Europeans at the end of the 15th century and was later introduced to Japan by the Dutch in the mid-16th century. "Faucet"
The use of "gui" coordinates the two actions of ignition and aiming, which greatly improves the stability of the gun body during shooting. As "Armed Forces" said: "If the back hand is not abandoned, the ignition will not waver, so ten shots have*
"The bird in the forest can shoot and fall, hence the name." This simple shooting mechanism can be regarded as a major improvement in the history of muskets, making the shotgun a new generation of shooting firearms and creating another chapter in the history of rifles.
One Era.
In the Ming Dynasty, soon after the "Birdbill Gun" came out, it became an essential light shooting firearm in the army. Once the shape of the shotgun was further improved, its shooting performance was continuously improved. As a result, the types of shotguns also gradually increased. The Lu
Secret blunderbuss, thunder blunderbuss, self-generating fire blunderbuss; in the Qing Dynasty, shotguns were the main firearms equipped by the army, so they were produced in large quantities, and court officials mostly used them for self-defense and hunting. They paid special attention to the development of shotguns, which led to a great increase in the types of shotguns.
According to the "Huidian of the Qing Dynasty" and "Illustrations of Imperial Ritual Vessels", there are 49 types of which only pictures can be found. Among them, there are 3 types of flintlock guns (fired by friction with flint) and the others are all guns fired by match ropes. The main ones are
Types of guns include: Imperial self-made muskets, Imperial tiger spears, large line guns, soldier's shotguns, etc. Among the 49 types of guns recorded in historical materials, 16 types of imperial guns account for 16 types of flower guns, and a total of 18 types of handguns and 14 types of soldiers' guns
This is the only type of shotgun that is used by the army for combat. Most of the others are specially equipped by emperors, princes and ministers for defense or hunting. The most important among many shotguns is the "Imperial Divine Tiger Spear".
It weighs 12 kilograms; the shortest and lightest is the "No. 3 automatic musket" which only weighs 2 kilograms and 12 taels (16 taels in ancient times is 1 kilogram) and is 2 feet, 4 inches and 9 minutes long; the longest gun is the full length of the "Bingding Bird Gun"
6 feet 1 inch. Except for the "line gun", all shotguns are equipped with sights, sticks (bars) and double forks. The line gun is surrounded by an octagonal gun bed and is only half the length of the barrel.
There is neither a stick nor a double fork. Although various types of shotguns vary in weight and length, their shapes and functions are similar.
6. Rumi Bird Gun Rumi was a small country in the ancient Western Regions located in today's Asia Minor. According to the "History of Ming Dynasty. Biography of Lumi", in the third year of Jiajing (1524), the Lumi Kingdom sent envoys to pay tribute to lions and rhinos, and brought Lumi with them.
Gun. By 1598, weapons expert Zhao Shizhen improved and imitated a new type of shotgun based on the structure of Lumi Gun. The whole gun weighed 8 kilograms, was 5 to 7 feet long, had a charge of 4 qian, and the lead weight was 3 qian. "
Components such as "faucet" and "gage" are installed in the gun bed and are equipped with springs on the gun bed. When the machine gun tap is turned on, the faucet will fall into the fire door. After the fire is burning, release the finger and the faucet will automatically rise. There is a spring at the end of the gun bed.
When an enemy with a steel blade approaches, the gun head can be turned around and used as a saber. The Lumi bird gun Cheng Yuan is more powerful because its structure is superior to the Japanese shotgun. Therefore, the "Military Memo" commented: "The Rumi gun is the most powerful.
Far the most poisonous."
7. The Thunder Gun The Thunder Gun was the first shotgun loaded from the breech invented by Chinese weaponists. In the 16th century, the more advanced firearms "Western Bird Gun" and "Front Machine" were introduced to my country from Europe. In 1598 Zhao Shizhen, a famous weapons expert in my country, created this kind of shotgun that can fire continuously based on the structural principles of the two guns and named it "Thunder Gun". The gun is about 6 feet long and weighs 5 pounds. Each gun is equipped with 5 sub-guns of each length. The 6-inch gun weighs about 10 taels. In addition, the front end of the sub-gun is like a small round mouth, and there is a flat square bamboo shoot at the back. There are eyes in the bamboo shoots, which can be connected to the mother gun with pins. The sub-gun contains 2.5 cents of gunpowder and lead bullets each weighing 2 The firing device of the Qian gun is the same as that of the Lumi gun, except that there is a retaining ring outside the "gage". When the gun is preloaded and used, it can be loaded into the barrel in turn to fire, which greatly increases the firing speed.
8. Self-generating fire gun The self-generating fire gun was invented by Bi Maokang in 1635. Its structure and performance are not much different from those of the bird gun. The only difference is that the firing device of the self-generating fire gun has been improved. Bi Maokang modified the faucet that had been using a match rope in the past.
When the trigger is pulled to install a flint, the faucet falls and rubs against the installed flint to ignite. This improvement seems very easy, but it is a major innovation in the history of the development of ancient Chinese firearms. Before the advent of the "self-generating fire gun", Chinese firearms used match ropes.
The ignition method has been around for more than 200 years. Using a match rope to ignite a fire has many inconveniences in combat environments with harsh climate conditions. For example, in windy and rainy weather, the gunpowder in the fire door is either blown away by the wind or wet by rain, making it difficult to ignite. Invented by Bi Maokang
The flint fire method not only overcomes the difficulties caused by wind and rain in shooting, but also does not require pressing the dragon with hands.
The head can make aiming more accurate and can be fired at any time under various environmental and climatic conditions. The flint-fired gun was first invented in Sweden in the early 17th century. At that time, there were only a handful of them during the British bourgeois revolution period (1640-1688).
Only aristocratic officers could afford this new weapon. It was not until the early 18th century that the Russian Army began to use this type of flintlock. The "self-generated fire gun" invented by Bi Maokang was one of the earliest flintlocks in the world at that time.
The emergence of the weapon shows that our country's weapons development was still at the forefront of the world at that time.
Among the shotguns of the Ming Dynasty, there was also a "Xuanyuan gun" specially suitable for use in the northern region. It was also created by the famous weapons expert Zhao Shizhen. Because there were often strong winds in the north, when the soldiers took aim with their guns, the wind blew away the gunpowder in the fire door and made the gun useless.
Fire. In this regard, Zhao Shizhen installed a fire door device that can automatically open and close on the gun body and added a rain-proof canopy on the surface so that the wind can no longer block it, so it is very suitable for northern combat. The "Nine-Headed Bird" is
A large-scale bird gun in the Ming Dynasty weighed about 20 kilograms and could be loaded with 1 tael and 2 qian of powder, 1 large bullet, 1 small bullet (about the size of a copper coin) and 9 bullets. The larger the caliber of the barrel, the greater the firepower it fired. There was also a
This fowling gun was specially used by the emperor and was called the "imperial musket". It was about 10 feet long and had a slender barrel. It had a long range and was well made. It was a high-quality musket for hunting.
9. Self-fire gun. This is a royal musket made for the emperors and princes and ministers of the Qing Dynasty. There are two sizes, both large and small, both made of cast iron. The total weight of the "self-fire gun" is 5 kilograms, 9 taels, and 3 feet long.
The muzzle of the 6-inch gun protrudes from the bed of the gun. The muzzle is surrounded by delicate lotus petals. It can hold 8-cent gunpowder iron bullets, each weighing 6 cents and 5 centimeters. The barrel is equipped with a rear sight and a front sight. The gun barrel has a cane and a stick growing out of it.
The muzzle is 1 inch. A wooden fork is installed under the gun bed to support the aiming gun. The ignition device is a flint runner. The trigger is connected to a flower wheel. The flower wheel part has a ignition mechanism that holds a piece of flint. Once the trigger is pulled, the flower wheel immediately rotates and interacts with the flint.
The ignition principle of friction ignition is quite similar to that of flint lighters used today, which was a relatively advanced ignition device at the time. The "tap fire gun" is 2 feet 4 inches long, 9 minutes long, weighs 2 pounds 12 ounces, and the barrel is made by Ula Matsumoto.
It contains 7 fen of gunpowder and each iron pellet weighs 1 fen. The rest of the structure is the same as that of a large automatic fire gun.
10. The lifting gun is another heavy-duty shotgun in the Qing Dynasty, which is about 1 feet long and weighs more than 30 kilograms. Its structure is exactly the same as that of the ordinary soldier's shotgun, but its charge, range and killing power are much greater than that of the soldier's shotgun. When fired
Two people were required to operate, one of whom acted as a gun stand in front, put the gun on the shoulder, and the other person aimed and fired. This kind of carrying the gun was very popular in the middle and late Qing Dynasty. At the end of the 18th century, the Qing government's tyranny and tyrannical rule intensified the domestic war.
Class contradictions, people's uprisings come one after another, and peasant uprisings continue for years. The uprising army often moves in mountainous areas to fight against the Qing army. In this environment, the peasant uprising army's broadswords, spears, bows and arrows, earthen guns, landmines, etc. can effectively play a role.
However, the Qing army's new heavy artillery was unable to move forward and had to mass-produce medium-sized rifles that weighed more than 30 kilograms and could be lifted by two people. The rifles were used by the Qing army during the two Opium Wars and the war to suppress the Taiping Revolution in the mid-19th century.
One of the main firearms, this kind of firearm is light in weight and can be carried without the need for vehicles and horses. It has strong firepower, so it was used until the Sino-French, Sino-Japanese wars and the war against the Eight-Power Allied Forces' invasion of our country at the end of the 19th century.
In addition to various fire traditions
Before the Song Dynasty, artillery refers specifically to trebuchets. Later, some firing and explosive firearms were called artillery. Since the middle of the Ming Dynasty, people gradually called those large-caliber and heavy percussive firearms "generals" or "cannons". "And firearms with smaller caliber and lighter weight were called "guns" or "guns", and the distinction between guns and cannons gradually emerged. Therefore, it was only after the 16th century that "cannon" truly became the meaning we understand now. .
Artillery was first produced in the Yuan Dynasty and was developed from metal tubular firearms. In ancient China, the Mongolian people were originally a nation with relatively backward social production. However, they were able to fully absorb and utilize the advanced advancement of the Han people. By the end of the Song Dynasty, they began to develop rapidly, especially in the late Song Dynasty. Significant progress was made in weapons manufacturing. In order to develop strength and conquer the Central Plains and then rule China, the Mongolian army rushed into the interior with brave and powerful cavalry. It developed rapidly in weapons manufacturing and created the world's earliest metal tubular firearms. By the end of the Yuan Dynasty Fire guns have become an important weapon in military operations. In 1395, Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhang Shicheng's troops fought in Shaoxing. Both armies used fire guns. In 1366, when Xu Da led his army to attack Pingjiang (now Suzhou, Jiangsu), they used fire guns extensively. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the Qing army destroyed more than 1,000 Miao villages and seized 46,500 guns and artillery pieces, as well as 148,000 swords, spears, bows and crossbows. It can be seen that not only the inland army has a large number of weapons, but also ethnic minority areas have a large number of guns and artillery.
In 1769, when the Qing army marched on the Yunnan border, there were 50,000 to 60,000 elite Manchu and Han soldiers, more than 60,000 mules and horses, carrying a variety of weapons, many of which were famous brand weapons at the time. "The Romance of the Qing Dynasty" recorded this: The magical weapons of the capital city There are rockets from Henan, nine-section bronze cannons from Sichuan, iron deer guns from Hunan, and military ammunition and weapons manufactured in Yunnan (Yunnan). During the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, hundreds of large and small iron blunderbuss were unearthed at the Jinling Campus in Nanjing, two of which were from the late Yuan Dynasty. One of the cannons cast is engraved with the words "Made on Wednesday and weighs 500 kilograms"; the other cannon body is engraved with "Made on June 1, the fourth year and weighs 350 kilograms".
13. "Zhou" is Zhang Shicheng's national name. Zhang Shicheng was the leader of the peasant uprising in Jiangsu and Zhejiang at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and later became the leader of the separatist forces. He captured Gaoyou in 1353, and Taizhou and other places were called "King Cheng" the next year. The national name "Zhou" was changed to "Tianyou" in the Yuan Dynasty. "Third Year" is 1356 and "Third Year" is 1357. These two cannons are the earliest heavy weapons made in China.
The creation and production of firearms in the Ming Dynasty was the basis for the improvement of social productivity and scientific and technological progress.
A relatively comprehensive development has reached an unprecedented level in ancient China's history. It developed from simple firecrackers to shotguns and cannons, and boldly absorbed and introduced advanced weapon manufacturing technology from Western countries to carry out reforms and innovations, thereby pushing the development of ancient firearms in China to the next level. peak.
Artillery has a powerful power that cannot be resisted by light weapons. In battle, it can often effectively defeat the enemy's large forces in frontal attacks and attack the enemy's effective forces. It can also destroy the enemy's city defense fortresses, bridges, roadblocks, etc. with lightning speed. Military facilities clear obstacles for the troops to advance. At the same time, they can destroy enemy ships from long distances in coastal defense battles. Most of the cannons we are familiar with are seen in movies and albums reflecting war themes. There are several cannons in the smoky battlefield. A volley of artillery shells roared across the sky and the sound of explosion shook the world and all targets suddenly turned into ruins. In view of the fact that the power of artillery has been greatly appreciated by military strategists since its inception. Ancient Chinese artillery was often dubbed "divine power", "mighty" and "invincible". Titles such as "Yum" and "Yum" are awe-inspiring. Therefore, the construction of artillery is even more important. In the Ming Dynasty of our country, a special "Shenji Camp" was set up to confer various types of artillery as "generals". There are senior generals, second generals, and third generals. There are generals, bronze generals, generals who seize the door, etc. Not only our military officials value artillery so much, but also all the ** armies in the world attach great importance to the development of artillery. Stalin once praised artillery as the "god of war."
Primitive firearms naturally include artillery.
Yu Feng's heart was filled with excitement when he thought of these things. What would it be like if he single-handedly transformed the era of cold weapons into the era of hot weapons?
Hu Qi launched a long-distance artillery attack and fired a burst of muskets. It would be great if there were still primitive machine guns. Yu Feng thought in his heart.dd