"Go and go, what a joke?" Fu Bao said dissatisfiedly, "Your Majesty is busy now. It is said that he is not in a good mood, so he has no time to care about these things. Besides, what do you want me to say?"
"Your Majesty is busy, it's just because the state is not going well," Qiu'er said, "The overall situation is now like this, the state is so difficult. Princess, you are the sister of the Yu, and now you are also the general who commands the army. It is natural for you to share your worries for Your Majesty.
ah"
"It's natural." Fu Bao nodded
"So," Qiu'er said proudly, "Making military merits directly relieves worries, but not the root cause. Now the princess can imitate Wang Zhaojun of the Han people and marry Duan Ye in person. She will surely relieve his worries and resolve the country...
It turned out that Fu Bao saw Qiu'er becoming less and less sarcastic when he saw Qiu'er talking, and was afraid that she would say something else. In addition, she was a little shy and couldn't bear it. Anyway, Qiu'er was very tickling, so she laughed directly afterwards.
It's been a long time, of course I don't have time to continue talking
The two beauties once again became a fuss, and their giggles made them seem to have temporarily forgotten their troubles.
...
As for Duan Ye, the layout of the exchange has actually been going on for a while. The prices of various commodities are in a period of continuous rise, and the market is still in a boiling state. I don’t have to worry about this for the time being.
Because Duan Ye needs to do another bigger thing now, this thing is even more important than promoting commodity exchanges
Bulk transactions are actually just to activate the market, reschedule resources, and find a new way to make money for Liangzhou. They also plan to understand the inside story for many things that will be done later. Of course, they all know this.
Admiration for all the five bodies
But in Duan Ye's view, these are just rain
The next step Duan Ye is preparing to take action is the monetary system
The so-called currency is commonly referred to as money, but according to Duan Ye's memory, if rigorously expressed, currency refers to commodities separated from commodities and fixedly acted as general equivalents. After all, although various immature times are not mature, Duan Ye is actually
Still think that this is a commodity society. Since it is a commodity society, this currency must play a very important role.
As a product of the development of commodity exchange to a certain stage, the essence of money is a general equivalent. In the current society, money has the functions of value scale, means of circulation, means of payment, and means of storage.
There have been different commodity exchanges in history as currency. Of course, at the earliest, there was no concept of currency. The history of human beings' first use of currency was born in the era of exchange of objects. At that time, people often had to rely on
Hunting or rough processing methods can obtain some supplies, but it is likely that they cannot get what they really need. In this way, exchange will result in a change of one sheep for a stone axe, and a cow for two sheep.
But this is a problem, because sometimes, if there are differences in value between the goods you want to exchange, then the exchange is likely not to happen. For example, if you want to exchange a sheep for another animal skin, how can you exchange it?
It cannot be changed because the values of the players on both sides are different
Going further, sometimes, this kind of exchange is restricted by the types of materials used for exchange, so it is not how to exchange it, how many problems each other has, but it makes the transaction impossible to reach at all. In this case,
Humans have to find an item that can be accepted by both parties in exchange. This item is the most primitive currency, such as livestock, salt, rare shells, rare bird feathers, gems, sand gold, stones and other items that are not easy to obtain in large quantities.
All have been used as currency, including in Duanye’s current era, cloth is still used, and it is a very important currency, and there are knives, cattle and sheep, all have been used as currency, and the current main currency is naturally copper coins.
Later Duan Ye also knew that even the iron coins appeared
Later, the currency commodity gradually transitioned into precious metals such as gold and silver. However, with the development of commodity production and the expansion of exchange, the supply of gold and silver was increasingly unable to meet the growing demand for money, and substitute currency and credit currency gradually emerged.
Make up for the shortcomings of circulation methods
After years of natural elimination, in most societies, the items used as currency are gradually replaced by metals. The advantage of using metal currency is that it requires manual labor and cannot be obtained in large quantities from nature. At the same time, it is easy to store rare gold.
Silver and copper with difficulty smelting have gradually become the main currency. Metals, including China, have used iron currencies.
Early metal currencies were blocky, and when used, they needed to test their quality with a touchstone. At the same time, they also had to weigh the weight. With the development of human civilization, a more complex and advanced monetary system was gradually established. The ancient Greek, Roman and Persian people cast it.
Coins with uniform weight and color are used in this way. When using currency, you do not need to weigh the weight or test the quality. It is undoubtedly much more convenient. These coins have a king or emperor's avatar, complex heraldry and seal patterns on them.
In order to avoid forging, in China, copper coins will generally be engraved with the year names of the dynasty at that time, such as Wuzhu coins and various Tongbao coins. They have related year names and metal currency, although they have many advantages,
But the biggest disadvantage is that it is too heavy and not portable
In the end, paper money finally appeared. In the era when Duan Ye lived, there were basically no metal currency except steel sausages, and everyone used paper money.
In fact, what Duan Ye wants to do now is to implement the paper currency system!
Paper money, as the name suggests, of course refers to the currency made of paper. The biggest difference between this currency and the inherent currency in the past is that gold, silver, shells, or even copper and iron are of actual value. They themselves are
Commodities can be exchanged, and you can buy and sell them. For example, if you have ten taels of silver, that is ten taels of silver. Wherever you go, you will be ten taels of silver. If you sell them, you can definitely exchange them for ten taels of silver. It is valuable in itself.
of
But paper money is different. Printed paper money, such as the face value of 100 taels of silver, the value of paper, printing, etc. is absolutely not worth 100 taels of silver, and it is not even enough.
Then at this time, the value of this banknote will be used by the currency issuer to force the value of the banknote. In other words, if Duan Ye issues paper money, he will forcefully ensure the value of the banknote as the governor of Liangzhou.
He said that this banknote can buy something equivalent to the denomination printed on the banknote! If anyone does not admit it, such as the merchant does not accept it, or the trader does not allow it, then the government will intervene.
From this perspective, paper money is money, which can directly exercise all functions of money. The reason why the government is willing to issue paper money is because the cost of making paper money is low, easier to store, carry and transport, avoiding the wear and tear of coins in circulation.
Besides, there is another major benefit of banknotes, that is, coin tax
A sufficient currency such as gold coins, including metals with a value of roughly the same as the face value of the coin, is it said above. So many metals are worth so much money. For example, if it is gold as a currency, then under the gold standard, gold can be freely
Send to the mint to mint gold coins, you only need to pay a small handling fee for this privilege, and even minting tax is not considered
In contrast, paper money is very different. The cost of paper money is much smaller than their face value, so there is a problem here. For example, the government only needs to spend a small amount of money to print a paper money, but this paper money is
It is very likely that the denomination is very large, and you can buy something that is far higher than the printing cost. For so many parts, the money did not disappear, but was taken away by the government.
In fact, Duan Ye wanted to make banknotes, so he also had this idea. For example, now copper coins are used as the main currency. The banknotes printed by Duan Ye may be printed with a face value of one thousand copper coins, but only one copper coin is needed to print.
, so much is the income of the government
Therefore, only when the government has the right to print paper money can it make money by opening a government than opening a company. Of course, Duan Ye will not let such a good thing go
It is precisely because of the various benefits of paper money that in Duanye's era, paper money became a form of currency commonly used by countries around the world in that era. The earliest paper money that appeared in the world was the "Jiaozi" in Chengdu, Sichuan during the Northern Song Dynasty in China. China is the world.
The first country to use paper money
Now, Duan Ye wants to further speed up the historical process. After all, this matter is actually not very difficult, mainly because ordinary people cannot imagine it
However, in this land, the promotion of paper money, especially in countries with underdeveloped technology and unadvanced civilization, is a big problem in promoting paper money, that is, the people are not stupid
Of course they know how much money this piece of paper is worth? If you ask them to spend this money worth a copper plate as a thousand copper plates, that wouldn't work
Even if the government forces them to spend this way, they will listen at first, but they will definitely think about the interests later. They will spend the money quickly, or exchange it for physical goods, even if it is a discount, such as banknotes worth one thousand, maybe five or six hundred.
He's willing to spend it
In this case, it will inevitably lead to rapid and large-scale depreciation of paper money, causing inflation, and the currency system will fail.
Of course Duan Ye cannot allow such a thing to happen. If this happens, there is no point in developing a monetary system.
The solution is not without it, that is, sufficient preparation, for example, each banknote has corresponding precious metals to prepare.
This is why Duan Ye is looking for gold around the world now. Even if he has found a gold mine, this matter still needs to continue