However, Feng Huxiang didn't care about these gossips at all. In his opinion, although the national righteousness of course has to be said, at least at present, Duan Ye's righteousness is perfect. He is a Han Chinese, and he is also under the hands of the Hu people.
Official, but has he helped the evildoer? Why don’t he blame Duan Ye for so many Han people helping Hu people do things now? This is unfair!
What's more, for people like Feng Huxiang, he is not short of money or reputation. What he wants is nothing more than an opportunity to realize his life ideals.
The ancients said that self-cultivation and family management and governing the country and pacifying the world. For such people with a wealth of family background, the most important thing is that they have learned what they have. Can they have a chance to display? It is like the chaos below today, but the princes of all walks of life, Feng Huxiang
After counting, I found that no one can compare to Duanye here
Duan Ye was born into a civilian, so he would not have a sense of the world. Instead, he could attract talents from all over the world with his demeanor of embracing all rivers. Duan Ye was not a gentry, so in his heart, the most important thing was talent and learning, not blood relationship, let alone everything about Duan Ye today.
, Everyone in the world has witnessed it. He punched the sky with one punch and one kick. There is no pleasing or any other factors. It depends entirely on himself.
Of course, only those with real talents and knowledge can truly appreciate those who are very talented and talented like Feng Huxiang.
Furthermore, Duan Ye’s imperial examination held this time was actually the decisive factor that ultimately touched Feng Huxiang.
Talent selection has always been a difficult problem. At the beginning, anyone must have wanted to give their position to their relatives and friends, especially their children and grandchildren. This is also a common human nature. Who wouldn’t leave good things to themselves?
?
But I soon discovered that this is not good, the more important the position is, the worse it is.
The throne can be hereditary because the throne is the rule of a family and requires blood ties to be passed on. However, even if it is blood ties, we still have to look at the legitimate and illegitimate, and the wise and foolish.
But the official position is not good, because even if the prime minister is very capable, the prime minister's son may not be able to do it. Even if he is capable, the king does not want the prime minister's son to continue, because if the father and son are both prime ministers, it is very likely that the prime minister would not want to be prime minister.
When something else
In any case, there is a consensus on the selection of officials, that both public and private must be selected.
Before the Qin Dynasty, the method was very simple, and it was completely hereditary of the aristocratic people. However, since the Qin Dynasty, there was a consensus between the government and the public, and that one would not work.
One of the decisive measures of Shang Yang's reforms is to select talents in the future, only look at military merits!
If you can fight, repay merit by the head of the people, then you can get titles, rewards, official positions, in short, anything you dream of can be given to you!
From then on, the Qin people were brave in public wars and were afraid of private fighting. Everyone fought to the death during wars. The court completely kept its promises and continued to increase their positions. From then on, the Qin army became an invincible iron army in the world.
However, it was very easy to break, and the Qin Dynasty died in the second generation, which also made the Han Dynasty much more cautious.
The main method of the Han Dynasty was the system of recommendation, in layman's terms, the system of filial piety and integrity
The system of recommendation is a system of selecting talents from the bottom up, also called "election". After the Han Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang captured the world, he learned from the lessons of the Qin Dynasty and issued an edict to seek talents, requiring counties and states to recommend wise men with talented talents and officials who have the ability to govern the country.
"Predictory System" The Emperor Hui of He, and Empress Lv ordered the "filial piety, brothers and strength fields". The examination began to have subjects. However, at this time, it was mainly because the Qin Dynasty had just died and the people's livelihood was in decline. Most scholars avoided disaster and hid in the deep mountains and wilderness.
, The superiors urgently need talents, but the urgent method adopted is actually not institutionalized
The Han Dynasty's recommendation system, strictly speaking, started with Emperor Wen. He issued an edict to "select virtuous people and good people who can speak out in a straightforward way" and set the examination system and related measurement standards. In other words, Emperor Wen of Han clearly determined the selection of talents.
The scope, standards, and assessment methods of the examination system are gradually on the right track
By the time of Emperor Wu of Han, the system of recommendation was complete, and various regulations were introduced one after another, and various subjects were continuously enriched, especially with unified talent selection standards and examination methods. In the first year after Emperor Wu of Han ascended the throne, he ordered the central government to order the
Six years after six years, he issued an edict to test the good talents, and clearly stipulated the number of people that must be selected by counties and states in this year.
Of course, the examination system still requires an examination. This is an important part of the examination system of the Han Dynasty. Those who are being elected will be recruited by the government after the examination. This ensures that the selection criteria can be implemented and real talents can be selected.
, it can also ensure the relatively fair competition and allow lower-level people to enter the national management level.
However, the more extensive and practical system is to recommend filial piety and integrity. The so-called filial piety and integrity is a method to discover and cultivate the preparatory candidates for officials in the Han Dynasty. It stipulates that one person with filial piety and integrity should be elected every year in every 200,000 households, and the court appointed an official position.
In addition to being knowledgeable and talented, students who were elected must be filial to their parents and be honest in their behavior. Therefore, they are called filial piety and integrity in the Han Dynasty. Filial piety and integrity have been a subject for selecting officials. Those who do not have filial piety and integrity cannot be officials. Chinese culture governs the world with filial piety and filial piety.
So it is called filial piety and honest
Generally speaking, the filial and honesty refer to those who have been filial and honesty, and most of them are the most honest and filial, but they also include some people who are fraudulent and hypocritical. For example, there were nursery rhymes in the Han Dynasty: "Select scholars, but do not know how to write;
Filial and honest, father lives apart"
In fact, these systems are very progressive in literal terms, but there is a big problem in it, that is, although there are exams, they are only for reference and do not play a decisive role. They are filial and honest. The power is in the hands of local officials.
The space is big
Because the local officials are doing their duty, that's better. If he doesn't do his duty, he will definitely recommend private individuals and even accept bribes. Then what is the quality of the so-called smiley face recommended? It's conceivable that later, all major
The families even colluded, and you mentioned my son and I mentioned your nephew, and soon turned the officialdom into a forbidden family of several major families.
After Cao Pi established the Wei Kingdom, he needed to compromise with the gentry to seek their support and consolidate his rule, so he simply took this system further and implemented the so-called Nine-Rank Zhongzheng system.
In fact, the implementation of the Nine-Rank Zhongzheng system is actually in a completely different way from Cao Pi's father Cao Cao's thoughts, but there is no way. When Cao Cao was there in the past, he was too cruel to repair the gentry. When they rebelled against Cao Cao many times,
I can barely suppress it until Cao Cao dies, and Cao Pi can no longer continue to suppress it by force.
Moreover, after all, the Cao family had someone with eunuchs, and their wealth was not innocent. Without the support of the gentry, it would be difficult to stand firm. Cao Pi established the Nine-rank Zhongzheng system in order to ease the conflict with the aristocratic families and to obtain the aristocratic families' reputation for Cao Pi's generation of Han Dynasty.
The emperor's support for the Cao family and his son in order to concentrate their power, in the reform of the official selection system, the previous measures that only talented people have caused a lot of suppression and blows to the forces of the aristocratic families. However, the objective situation of the continuous expansion and development of the aristocratic families has made Cao Wei.
I had to face it, so I had to make a compromise with the aristocratic families and set up Zhongzheng officials appointed by the Central Committee to control local elections, and Zhongzheng officials were also appointed by high-ranking officials from the aristocratic families. In this way, the aristocratic families infiltrate the elections and the central government's power
The conflicts with aristocratic forces on the issue of selecting talents began to ease, and the gentry began to gradually monopolize the power.
This nine-grade Zhongzheng system is actually something that people like Feng Huxiang hate the most. In terms of content, there are mainly three items, setting Zhongzheng: This is the key link of the nine-grade Zhongzheng system. The so-called Zhongzheng is in charge of people in a certain region.
The person in charge of the evaluation, that is, the Zhongzheng official, Zhongzheng official, is divided into different sizes. The state has a large Zhongzheng official, which is in charge of the evaluation of several counties in the state. The nine-rank Zhongzheng county has a small Zhongzheng official, which is originally composed of each county.
The county chief was elected, which is a little better, because there are many people who need to settle the matter. After compromising with various forces, the official Zhongzheng will not be too outrageous.
However, now, the Zhongzheng official was elected by Situ, one of the three imperial court officials, and the small Zhongzheng official in the county could be elected by the large Zhongzheng official in the state, but it still needs to be appointed by Situ. Under normal circumstances, the Zhongzheng official in the prefectures and counties is the Situ
The recommended current central officials serve as the same position. Sometimes, Situ or the Ministry of Personnel also serves as the Grand Chung-zheng official in the state. This is to ensure the central government's direct control over the election and avoid others' interference in Zhongzheng's affairs.
But by saying that, it actually caused the Zhongzheng official to be completely controlled by the people in the court, and of course he was a high-ranking official of the major gentry! So the people of the aristocratic family completely controlled the Zhongzheng official.
All Zhongzheng officials have members named "Visiting", but these are all embellishments, and all scholars know that the one who really has the final say is Zhongzheng officials.
What Zhongzheng official wants to do is to be the first person. This is the main responsibility of Zhongzheng official, Zhongzheng official is responsible for evaluating scholars of the same family as him, including the scholars in this state and other scattered counties. There are three main contents: the first one
The family background and background refer to the qualifications and status of fathers and grandparents, etc. These materials are called "Bishi" or "Bishi". The second thing that Zhongzheng officials must master in detail is the behavior, that is, the general evaluation of personal character and talent, which is equivalent to
The current moral comments were generally very simple at that time, such as "Tiancai Yingbo, bright and unparalleled", "Good and less moral" and other third fixed items: that is, the determination of grades is based on the conduct status and family background.
For reference
However, there are policies from above and countermeasures from below, which is always the norm for this land. In actual operation, the grade will be determined by family background. No matter how high the moral status of those born in poor families is, they can only be determined by the lower class; those born in wealthy families have poor moral status.
It can also be ranked at the top, so it becomes a situation where "the top grade has no poor families and the lower grade has no geniuses" at that time.
The reason why the Jin Dynasty encountered the Yongjia Rebellion was actually a big reason because the aristocrats completely monopolized all official positions. If these people were not enterprising and were slutty, then the country would certainly have no talents, and the literature would not be able to manage politics, and the martial arts would not fight.
If the country does not perish, there will be no law of nature!
All visionary people know that if you want to get rid of all this, the only way is to take the exam!