Chapter 346: Southern Expedition and Northern War Eleven Java IV
The upsurge in Islam in the Indonesian archipelago in the early 15th century was actually developed under the encouragement and promotion of the eunuch Zheng He. Before Zheng He's voyages to the West, private maritime merchants from the southern Fujian dialect group (including Zhangquan people in Fujian and Chaoshan people in Guangdong) They already have a decisive influence in various ports in Southeast Asia. Encouraged and promoted by Zheng He, Chinese Muslims from Yunnan entered the Indonesian archipelago in large numbers via the Indochina Peninsula in the early Ming Dynasty. Zheng He got rid of the original Chinese armed forces in Old Port and other places. The gang has enabled its Yunnan Muslim brothers to occupy upper-class positions in various parts of Southeast Asia.
These Yunnan Muslims maintained their dominant position among the Chinese in Java for a long period of time. It was not until the eve of the decline of the Tammu Kingdom that non-Muslim Chinese immigrants from the southern Fujian dialect area gradually reoccupied the Chinese communities in Java and other places. dominant position.
Under the vigorous promotion and organization of Zheng He and his assistants, Chinese Muslims in the early Ming Dynasty formed their own trade and missionary network with Champa as the center throughout Southeast Asia, especially the Indonesian Islands. In the process of spreading Islam , Chinese Muslims who were originally from Yunnan but came from the Kingdom of Champa played a very important role.
Cirebon is located to the west on the north coast of Java Island.
According to Indonesian officials from another time and space, Cirebon was founded in the 16th century by Sunan Gunung Jati, one of the Nine Saints of Javanese Islam of Arab descent. The Kingdom of Sultanate. Its descendants continue to this day. During this period, Cirebon was once subject to the Kingdom of Madaram, which succeeded the Kingdom of Tammu. In 1682, it became a protectorate of the Dutch East India Company. As the territory was gradually transferred to the Dutch East India Company The Sultan of Cirebon eventually became a titular monarch. After Indonesia became independent, the government still maintained the titular title of Sudan.
The Malay "Cirebon Annals" compiled by local Chinese archives records that when the Ming Dynasty fleet arrived in 1415, the area was still sparsely populated. Three Chinese Islamic communities were established locally as supply bases for the fleet. This should be Jingli The starting point of the Chinese community in Brunei. In 1526, the local Chinese community peacefully surrendered to the Tammu Kingdom founded by the Chinese. In 1552, with the support of the local Chinese Islamic community, Sunan Gunung Chati established the Cirebon Sultanate. He was originally a descendant of the royal family of the Tammu Kingdom. He was also of Chinese origin. The cultural, military, and political organizational capabilities of the local indigenous people were really backward. Only a small number of Chinese immigrants, and they were still refugees without the backing of a national government. They were able to dominate the entire Southeast Asia for hundreds of years. .In short, the Ming Dynasty failed to expand its territory in Southeast Asia in time by relying on its own immigrants. It was a waste of a great opportunity. It missed the best opportunity to colonize Southeast Asia before the Western Europeans began their great voyages.
Sunan Gunung Jati (Sunan Gunung Jati.? ~ 1570) was the founder of the Banten Sultanate. His original name was Faletahan. He was born in a lower-class Muslim family in the Islamic Kingdom of Suwen Datasi. He was the leader of the Chinese Muslims. In 1521, Basel was conquered by the Portuguese colonists. He led the Muslims to revolt, defeated the Portuguese armed sailors, and killed the Hindu king. The Portuguese sent troops to suppress it. He fled to Mecca and stayed there for many years to study Islam. He taught classics and teachings. Not long after he returned to Basel as a preacher, he went to the Tammu Kingdom in Java via Chapala to spread Islam. Because of his profound religious knowledge and pious beliefs, the number of believers increased day by day. He was deeply influenced by the Tammu Kingdom. Dantelingana respected him and betrothed his sister to him. He was sent by the Sultan to preach in Banten. The prefect of the place converted to Islam under his persuasion. From then on, he became the imam of Banten. In 1527, Portugal The sailors landed at Kalapa. He led the Tammu reinforcements to first occupy Banten and nearby areas. Then he attacked Sunda Kalapa (today's Jakarta) and expelled the Portuguese sailors. Later, he conquered Cirebon and owned the northern part of West Java. Coastal area. As a prince of Tammu Kingdom, he held Banten. In 1546, when Tammu Kingdom sent troops to conquer the Hindu Panalukan Kingdom, he sent troops to support. In 1552, he announced his separation from Tammu Kingdom. Officially Established the independent Banten Sultanate. Established Islam as the state religion. Respected the Hanafi school of law. Set up the eldest son Hassan Nour al-Din as the heir. Take charge of the Banten political power. Confess Cirebon as the second son Pa Lansa's territory. In 1554, he retired to Cirebon, West Java. He lived a life of ascetic poverty. He built mosques, opened schools, trained disciples, wrote books, and engaged in missionary work until his death. He was Javanese natives respect him as "one of the nine great sages of Islam". Muslims have built a mausoleum for him.
It was also because of this saint that when the Madalan army surrounded Cirebon, in order to show respect for the descendants of the saint, they did not attack the royal city. They just besieged but did not attack. The main force of the Madalan dynasty's 100,000-strong army was in the well.
Areas around Brunei continue to attack Chinese plantations, manors, immigrant villages, trading stations and other places. They have encroached on most areas of the Cirebon Sultanate.
Five years ago, when Yan Siqi led the Fifth Brigade to be stationed in Nanyang, he used Cirebon's Chinese Commercial House as his base and signed an alliance agreement with the Sultan of Cirebon. He more than doubled the Cirebon control area with the Chinese army's armed forces. Of course,
.In fact, those who control these places are immigrants from the Chinese Company and overseas Chinese who are attached to the Chinese Company.
Yin Feng asked Yan Siqi to build as many fortifications as possible in the local area: multiple forts of different sizes were built in every manor, plantation, and commercial station of Chinese immigrants. With the fort as the center, the residential area and living area were expanded.
Later, when Zhao Xuanming took over the Nanyang Brigade, he doubled the size of the Zhonghua Merchant Fortress one mile east of Cirebon Royal City, and reinforced it with cement provided by the company's factory department.
Now, these Chinese bastions are like isolated islands and rocks in the sea, surrounded by dense Madalan troops.
The fortresses of some small-scale immigration settlements in southern Cirebon have been breached by the Madalan army. All Chinese immigrants, young and old, men and women, were slaughtered. Chinese immigrants scattered in various immigrant villages rushed to plantations, trading stations, and other places with strong fortresses.
Escape from the Chinese Merchant House and Cirebon Royal City.
Chinese refugees who had narrowly escaped death continued to flee along the jungle and river edges to Cirebon Royal City and the Chinese Merchant House, the largest fortress in the area. Following the Chinese fleeing were many Balinese people who worked for the Chinese.
At the beginning of the 16th century, the last Hindu dynasty in Java, the Majapahits, was wiped out by the Muslims. The Madaram dynasty, which believed in Islam, was established at this time. Some royal families of the Majapahit dynasty who were unwilling to convert to Islam fled to Bali.
exist
This established a new regime and continued to maintain the Hindu tradition. Therefore, Bali in later generations still belonged to the Hindu faith area until the 21st century. When Yin Feng's Chinese company developed its power in Java, it also sent people to establish a business in Bali.
The Chinatown in Bali is also booming. Since Bali is a small island with a large population, many Balinese people come to work in the plantations and sugar cane mills run by the Chinese in Cirebon. Some local Chinese are still here.
Married a Balinese woman as his wife.
The Balinese regarded Madalan as their enemies. They were also hated by the Muslims of Madalan. Therefore, a large number of Balinese were killed along with the Chinese and had to flee together.
Fortunately, Yan Siqi, Zhao Xuanming and others were well prepared. Sufficient food and ammunition were stored in each bastion. Within half a year, a large number of Chinese refugees would not starve to death. It would be difficult to tell after a long time.
The Madalan army lacks firearms and lacks experience in attacking fortresses with tall and solid city walls. Compared with China, which has the Great Wall, there are actually few cities on Java Island and even in the entire Southeast Asia that have decent walls. Therefore, Madalan
except the army
At the beginning, they broke through several small Chinese castles in the south. Later, when they faced the Chinese merchant house and the Sun Yazhe's castle, they were completely at a loss. They were hit by the dense flintlock musket bullets and cannons on the fortress.
Grenades killed thousands of soldiers.
In the end, Sultan Agong of Madalan had to decide to focus on siege. He commanded the army to dig trenches around the Chinese fortress, erect bamboo fences, and blockade the river mouths and jungle entrances. At the same time, he also sent people to Badawi Asia. Buy cannons and other heavy firearms from the Dutch.
Zhao Xuanming presided over the overall situation in the Batavia Chinese Merchant Hall. The commander of the troops at the Cirebon Chinese Merchant Hall was Wu Hao. He was originally Li Lihua's personal guard captain. He protected Li Lihua when he fled on Java Island five years ago. He later stayed there. On the island of Java, they have no good countermeasures now. They are divided and surrounded by the Madalans, Banten, and Dutch. They can only communicate with each other by boat by sea. And they can only sneak across the Netherlands at night. Blockade of warships.
At this time, a large-scale armed conflict had begun between the Dutch and the Chinese in Batavia. The Batavia Chinese Commercial Building was burned down five years ago. It was later rebuilt on the east side of Batavia. It is a cement brick wall fortress with a height of ten feet. It is opposite to the Dutch city wall. The east of Batavia was originally the most dangerous area. Facing the threat of indigenous people in the jungle, the Dutch dug a trench and built a river. A city wall with a fortress was built. This wall was not built later because of the war with the Chinese Company. Instead, it was replaced by a canal running in a straight line from north to south to the Ciliwong River. This moat flows to the east in a zigzag direction, becoming the Ba The western and southern limits of Davia. A bridge was built at the eastern end of the eastern moat. From here the city led to the main road then named Huaijiada Road. The bridge and city gate were protected by small fortresses. With.
Chinatown is to the east of the moat, and the Dutch residential area is to the west. The two sides are now fighting along the moat. The Chinese are also facing attacks from the Banten army in the east, so they can only be on the defensive. Both the Dutch and the Chinese. Daily While firing guns and cannons at each other, they were all looking towards the northern sea; the Dutch were looking forward to the East India Company fleet that had set out for Malacca to return as soon as possible, and then they could attack Chinatown by land and sea. The Chinese were looking forward to the Chinese fleet appearing soon. On the Java Sea, the Dutch were once again blown to pieces.
However, whether Zhao Xuanming in Batavia or Wu Hao in Cirebon, all they can do now is to stand firm and wait for help.
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The Hailong was unlucky as soon as it went to sea. There are rarely hurricanes and large waves in this area of South China. But Yan Siqi and the others happened to encounter it.
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