When King Yin Feng of Jinghai and the Chinese Army focused their attention on Liaodong, the Nanyang region, which had just been peaceful for a few years, once again broke out in war. The leaders were the Malay Sultanates, including Aceh on the island of Sumatra, and the Malay Peninsula. Johor and Pattani, etc. The cause was that several small Malay Sudanese states in Borneo were annihilated by the Chinese pioneers in New Yazhou, and the remnants of the original Madaram Sudan in Java rebelled in the name of Islamic jihad.
The Chinese have a great influence in Borneo. Because there are gold mines there, Chinese pioneering groups have come to this land covered with dense tropical rainforest. The pioneering groups can do anything for gold. In addition to their relationship with the China United Company The Sultanate of Brunei was very good abroad. As a result, many small Sudanese states were wiped out by the Chinese pioneering group. In the first month of the second year of Tianqi, one of the princes from a small Sudanese state ran to Aceh before the country was destroyed. He successfully agitated for the start of Aceh. The anti-Chinese sentiment of the Qi people. This is the direct reason why Aceh took the lead in attacking Malacca.
On the other hand, after the Second Java War, that is, after the last Nanyang War, the Dutch were driven away and the Madaram state was destroyed. The city of Batavia of the Dutch East India Company was occupied by the Chinese army and was re-occupied. It was called Jakarta. The Javanese Governorate was formally established. Four counties including East, Central and South Java were established. The island has fertile land after volcanic ash and a climate suitable for rice and sugar cane cultivation. It attracted a large number of Chinese immigrants. Cirebon, Surabaya, etc. All the original Chinese families in the area surrendered to the Chinese army. Some became local officials. In the next few years, hundreds of thousands of Chinese arrived in batches. Within five years, the number reached more than 200,000. Most of them were north of the Yangtze River. Disaster victims from various places and poor people from Fujian and other places. Along with the immigrants came businessmen from Fujian, Zhejiang, Guangdong and other places. Salt merchants from Lianghuai, Zhejiang, etc. all came to Java with large amounts of money. They bought land in large sums and opened businesses. A large farm run by Chinese.
The Malays on the island were originally divided into multiple states and had no sense of national unity. The ordinary people were scattered. Therefore, a large area of land in the north of Java Island was quickly forcibly expropriated by the Chinese army. The Malays did not resist. These good pieces of land were auctioned to various Chinese businessmen, or immigrant farms directly affiliated with Chinese companies were established, or they were used as military garrison bases for the Chinese Army.
Soon, some Quanzhou Hui businessmen also came to Jakarta. These people brought trouble to the Chinese army's rule on Java Island. Among the main director-level bosses within the China United Company, Quanzhou people and people from the surrounding areas of Quanzhou accounted for the majority. Therefore. Quanzhou Huihui merchants received strong support from the Javanese Governorate and the Nanyang Branch of the Chinese Company. They soon occupied half of the wholesale trade of bulk goods in Cirebon, Surabaya, Banten and other places.
Hui merchants from all over the south of the Yangtze River rushed to Java Island and built many Chinese Muslim residential areas. Mosques with Chinese prayers appeared on Java Island.
In fact, before the middle of the 15th century, the main Muslim preachers in Java were former Chinese Hui people from Yunnan and other places. With the support of Zheng He's fleet in the Ming Dynasty, non-Muslim Chinese armed forces were wiped out. Chinese Muslim groups was promoted to power. The Chinese Muslim community of the Hanafi sect became the center of Islamic dissemination in Java. The Chinese Muslims became the instructors of all Malay believers. When local believers prayed in the mosque, they used Chinese, mixed with Arabic, and went to the West. After the cessation of navigation, the decline in trade led to the decline of the Hanafi Chinese Muslim community in Southeast Asian countries. The mosques of the Chinese Muslim community gradually transformed into the Sambaogong Temple. There were fewer and fewer Chinese Muslims in Semarang, Anggo and other places. Finally, .Those Islamic priests gave up the practice of preaching in Chinese and began to preach and pray in Javanese. They vigorously developed the local Muslim community.
The Hui people from Quanzhou came to Java. It was the return of Chinese Muslims to Java after nearly 150 years. The new Chinese Muslim community built a new mosque that preached in Chinese. The Hui imams upheld the principles of their ancestors and also opened Quanzhou to all indigenous Muslims. Hui merchants took the mosque as the center and opened many workshops and shops. They recruited indigenous people to work for them. A large number of Javanese indigenous people who lost their land became employees of the Chinese. They also began to go to mosques that preached in Chinese to pray.
This directly violated the interests of the top Islamic clerics on the island of Java - their income was greatly reduced.
Although the religious founder of the indigenous Muslims in Java is indeed the Chinese Hui Imam, most of the native political powers in Java have declined and collapsed. The only thing that can maintain the unified relationship between the original ruling class of the indigenous Java Island is Islam. Those indigenous Muslim priests are the ones who maintain the unity of the indigenous people. High-level ties. Their dissatisfaction resonated with the ruling classes of the original sultanates. Therefore, when the Chinese Army's Northern Expedition to the Jurchen Eight Banners began, religious riots broke out in Java. Led by indigenous Muslim priests, they used sectarian disputes as an excuse. The natives intercepted the locals who went to worship at the Chinese mosque. Then they attacked the Hui mosque. Then they burned and killed the Chinese Muslim community and all Chinese areas.
First it was Semarang. Then it was Surabaya. Within a few days, riots in the name of religion spread to Cirebon, Jakarta, Banten, and all over the island of Java. Chinese militiamen from all over the country, including Zhuang Ding teams and security teams, and pioneer groups organized resistance .Suddenly, the island of Java was once again at war.
A prince of the former Sultan of Madaram in Java took advantage of the chaos and fled to the Kingdom of Aceh in Sumatra. He asked for help from Aceh. The Acehnese were planning to attack Malacca and had no time to go to Java to help. So they encouraged the Sultan of Old Port, who was allied with him and was anti-China, to send troops to help the Javanese. .
The coalition forces of the Sultanates in southern Sumatra began to gather in Palembang to attack the Chinese area of Palembang. At the same time, the Palembang army crossed the sea to attack Banten and Jakarta.
In January of the second year of Tianqi, when the war in Liaodong was temporarily over, the anti-Chinese riots by the Malays in various parts of Southeast Asia officially escalated into a war against the Chinese King Jinghai.
Wu Hao, the garrison envoy of the Java garrison, was originally the captain of the Li Lihua Guards. He was a hero in the defense of the Cirebon Commercial Building in the last Nanyang War. Zu Guangxian, the brigade commander of the Java Brigade of the Chinese Army stationed in Jakarta, was in the last Nanyang War. He was originally a sentry commander of the Nanyang Brigade stationed in the Royal City of Cirebon.
These few commanders who have been stationed in Java for a long time are the commanders in the Chinese army who are most familiar with the situation in Java. They know the actual situation of the Javanese people very well. Although this time the anti-China riots in Java are linked to religion, there is still Pasuruan in East Java. The Javanese feudal lords in Pazhang and other places sided with the Chinese. These Javanese feudal lords were originally feuding members of the Madalan Sultan family. After receiving weapons assistance from the Chinese family in Surabaya, they raided their rear when the Madalan rebels attacked Surabaya. Helped the Chinese to defend Surabaya City.
Wu Hao, Zu Guangxian and others did not pay much attention to the aboriginal riots within their jurisdiction at first. But after the incident became serious, they immediately contacted the Javanese feudal lords who usually made friends with the Chinese. The anti-Chinese rebels were mainly former Madalan people. Every move was basically informed by the Chinese Army. The Chinese Army and various militia forces adjusted their deployments in a timely manner. A small number of troops were used to defend the solid fortresses of farms and immigrant villages in various places. The main force of the Nanyang Brigade was stationed in major cities. Surabaya, Semarang, Important cities and ports such as Cirebon, Jakarta, and Banten, which are also major Chinese commercial centers, withstood the first wave of attacks by Javanese rebels.
With the arrival of reinforcements from the Nanyang Fleet and the Chinese pioneering group formed by the Chinese in Surabaya, the East Javanese and Balinese coalition forces began to attack. The situation on Java Island began to reverse in March of the second year of Tianqi. Chinese armed forces and indigenous allies from all over Java began to attack With the help of the Nanyang Fleet Marine Corps, they successively turned from defense to offense.
Malacca is the main base of the Nanyang Fleet. In the first year of Tianqi, part of the main force of the Nanyang Fleet accompanied the fortress commander Zheng Zhilong to attack Ceylon Island. The other part returned to Guangdong and other places to support the main force of the Taiwanese fleet heading north to Liaodong. Therefore. When the Malay rebellions in various parts of Southeast Asia began, the Malacca Fortress only stationed one battleship and a dozen brig gunboats from the Nanyang Fleet, as well as two battalions of 1,000 infantrymen from the Malacca Fortress garrison. The main force of the garrison followed Zheng Zhilong to Ceylon. The island went to fight with the Dutch. In addition, there are the Johor and Malacca Chinese Business Development Corps, and the regiment-trained militiamen of the Chinese farms in Malacca. The total number of militiamen armed with various complex weapons is about 2,000.
Due to insufficient troops, the Malay rebellion in various parts of Southeast Asia started in Java Island in January of the second year of Tianqi. The Chinese Army in Malacca City was a bit caught off guard. Since the rebellion was only in Java Island and southern Sumatra in the early stage, the Chinese Army in Malacca was mobilized Send troops first to Java Island.
Lin Shuisheng, the deputy commander-in-chief of the Nanyang Fleet who stayed at the Malacca Fortress, and the commander-in-chief of the Nanyang Marine Corps, did not expect at first that the Malay rebellion would sweep across Southeast Asia. After receiving news of the emergency in Java, he personally led the Nanyang Fleet's ships that stayed in Malacca. The Japanese army launched an attack on Java. Only the battleship Flying Eagle and a few two-masted gunboats were left to garrison at the mouth of the Malacca River. He also took away some of the more than 100 artillery pieces of the Malacca garrison.
In February, there was a northerly wind blowing in the South China Sea. Due to the war in Java, a large number of Chinese merchant ships rushed to Malacca. Portuguese, Spanish, British, Dutch and other merchant ships also avoided Banten and Jakarta ports and gathered in the Strait of Malacca.
Just when merchant ships gathered in Malacca and merchants from all over the world were doing business, Aceh, together with Pattani and other small Malay states, launched an attack on Malacca.
If it were not for the Sixth Division of Zhao Xuanming stationed in New Yazhou, West Borneo, which happened to come to Malacca and brought a regiment of the Sixth Division, merchants from various countries in Malacca would have suffered heavy losses. At that time, the commander of the Malacca Fortress of the Chinese Army was an infantry soldier. Major Zhang Wei was a sentinel commander of Zhao Xuanming's "Iron Wall Regiment" ten years ago. He participated in the war against the Satsuma Domain of Japan.
The Acehnese had already sent hundreds of people disguised as indigenous traders to sneak into Malacca.
The Malacca Fortress is indeed well defended. The Acehnese who suddenly launched a riot in Malacca City and the Hekou Trade Market took advantage of the chaos and dozens of people rushed into the castle. They almost captured the entire city. Zhang Wei was due south at this time. Patrolling the gate, he led his guards and rushed forward. He hacked to death the Acehnese who rushed into the fortress one by one at the narrow fortress gate. Then, he sent out an emergency firework signal and started the first step of the fortress defense battle on the top of the fortress. gun.
The Malacca Fortress was expanded on the basis of the original AFamosa Castle left by the Portuguese. This AFamosa (meaning "famous") castle was built by the Portuguese after they captured Malacca in 1511. After the fall of Malacca, the Portuguese general ALFONSODALBUQUERQUE immediately forced labor and The prisoners built a temporary bunker to defend against Malay attacks. At the same time, they began to build the main castle. This castle was later called "AFamosa" and its official name was "ca" (Malacca Fortress).
It took a total of five months to build A Amosa. During this period, many laborers died here due to the hot climate and lack of food. The raw materials for building the castle came from the demolished Malay tombstones, mosques and other buildings. The completed castle has Four forts. The city wall is 2.4 meters thick. By 1583, Malacca had become a well-defended city. There were 70 cannons facing different directions. It was once known as "the strongest fortress in Southeast Asia". It also became a well-defended city for locals. A symbol of fear in the heart.
On this basis, the Portuguese continued to expand AFamosa to the surrounding areas. At its largest area, AFamosa included the southern half of the city of Malacca in the hands of the Chinese. The Portuguese also turned the castle into a Christian city. They built it inside It has five churches, a chapel, a monastery, a hospital and palaces for bishops and officials.
After the Chinese United Company occupied Malacca, it expanded the fortress defense system. French and Italian engineers hired from Western Europe as well as countless Malay and Chinese laborers built the new Malacca City. Its city walls were extended and the strongest building was rebuilt at the mouth of the river. Estuary Castle.
On the first day of the Battle of Malacca, it was the eight cannons on the river mouth castle that fired fifty-pound iron bullets and shotgun shells. Together with the Flying Eagle battleship of the Nanyang Fleet, they repelled hundreds of arson boats from the Acehnese who attacked the Strait of Malacca. Hundreds of merchant ships belonging to merchants from various countries took the opportunity to scatter and flee.
The commanding heights of Malacca are Sam Po Hill, which serves as the Chinese cemetery, and St. Paul's Hill, where St. Paul's Church is located. St. Paul's Hill was originally called "Malacca Hill". After the Portuguese occupied Malacca, the hill was renamed "Virgin Mary Hill". St. Paul's Church It was originally a chapel. It was called the "Our Lady's Chapel" by the Portuguese people in Malacca. Because its strategic location can prevent the enemy from attacking from the South China Sea. Therefore, it is also known as the "Our Lady's Chapel on the Mountain". This is the most beautiful church in Malacca. Old catholic church.
After the attack failed on the first day, the Acehnese army crossed the strait at night and met up with the Johorese. Together with the Pattani army who arrived later, they began a four-month siege of Malacca.