Chapter 1366 National interests come first (continued)
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Due to the speech of Hu Laohu, the commander of the cavalry, the atmosphere in the conference room of the Kwantung Army Commander's residence became warm. The brigade commanders and regiment commanders stopped talking, and it was not their turn to speak. The commanders and political commissars of each column spoke one after another.
He supported Hu Laohu's opinions one side and resolutely recovered the lost land.
Those attending the meeting were all the backbone cadres of the Northeast People's Anti-Japanese Democratic Alliance, and they were all iron-blooded soldiers who came out of the sea of blood. The biggest wish of soldiers is to defend their homes and the country. The Far East and Mongolia were originally Chinese territory, and now they have the opportunity.
After recovery, these soldiers were naturally eager to try.
After listening to the cadres' speeches, Liu Yimin felt relieved and began to guide him again.
Liu Yimin first briefly reviewed the historical process of the loss of territory in the Far East, from Tsarist Russia to the Eastern Expansion of the East to the Sino-Russian Treaty of Nebuchung, and to the Russo-Japanese War, helping cadres sort out the historical context of the lost land in the Far East, and then focus on it
Talk about the Outer Mongolia issue.
Liu Yimin said that the Mongolian Plateau had been included in the territory of China as early as Emperor Wu of Han defeated the Huns. However, due to the bitter and cold Mongolian Plateau, it was suitable for mobile grazing. The Han Dynasty failed to effectively rule the Mongolian Plateau. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Turks rose in Mongolia.
The plateau was established and defeated by the Tang army. The Mongolian Plateau was once again controlled by the Tang Empire. The Mongolians migrated to the Mongolian Plateau during the Song Dynasty, and they were originally small tribes. In 1206, after Genghis Khan unified the Mongolian tribes, he implemented the leadership in order to facilitate the war.
The household feudal system was established in the decimal system with ten households, hundreds, thousands, and ten thousand households. Finally, various khanates and tribes led by his sons, brothers and heroes were formed. The entire Eurasian continent was in his Mongolian
Under the rule of the empire, after the demise of the Yuan Dynasty, the remnant Yuan regime retreated back to the Mongolian Plateau and fought against the Ming Dynasty in the form of the Northern Yuan Dynasty. After many attacks by the Ming army, the Northern Yuan regime was destroyed, and Mongolia split into various tribes and with the Ming Dynasty.
A tribute relationship was formed. The Ming Dynasty became the sect leader of the tribes of the Mongolian Plateau. During this period, people continued to attempt to unify the Mongolian Plateau, establish a regime that confronted the Ming Dynasty, and attacked the border many times, but they did not succeed in the end. At this time, Mongolians were all
The tribes are basically divided into three parts: Mongolia in the south of the desert, Mongolia in the north of the desert, and Mongolia in the west of the desert. After the rise of Nurhaci and Huang Taiji, they forced the Mongolian tribes to surrender one after another through war. In order to weaken the Mongolian power, the Qing Dynasty followed the form of the Manchu Eight Banners.
, the Mongolian parts were made into banners, the small tribes were one by one, and the large tribes were several banners, and the princes, princes, Beile, Beizi and others were the leaders. When the Qing Dynasty unified China, Mongolia was divided into
It is an internal and external Zhazak. The so-called Zhazak means "consul" in Mongolian. The ranks are Khan, prince, prince, bell, and bezi, etc., and they are all enthroned by the court and are local ministers or counselors.
Temperance. Neizasak refers to Mongolia in southern desert, divided into 24 tribes, which is today's Inner Mongolia; Outer Zasak refers to the four Mongolian tribes in northern desert, namely Tushetu Khan tribe, Sainnoyan tribe, Chechen Khan tribe and Zhasa
The Khtar Khan tribe. Among them, the Tushetu Khan and the Chechen Khan tribes were governed by the Minister of Service of Kulun, and the Sainnoyan and Zasaktu Khan tribes were governed by General Ulya Sutai. In order to facilitate supervision of Mongolian tribes,
The Qing Dynasty also established alliances on the Mongolian flags in the form of alliances. For example, Mongolia in the south of the desert established 6 alliances, from east to west, the Zhelim League, Zhuosotu League, and Zhaowuda League.
Xilingol League, Ulanqab League and Ikezhao League. The league leader is generally served by respected princes and adopts a rotating electoral system. During the process of the inclusion of Mongolian tribes in the Qing Dynasty, there was an episode, that is, in 1660, Moxi
Galdan Khan of the Mongolian Junggar tribe attacked Mongolia with the support of Tsarist Russia. The three Khalkha tribes were completely defeated and discussed national salvation strategies. There were two ways ahead, one was to surrender to Russia, and the other was to surrender to China. Kulun Living Buddha refused.
He surrendered to Tsarist Russia and made the decision to surrender to China. Emperor Kangxi led his army to personally defeat Galdan, and completely incorporated more than 1.8 million square kilometers of land in Mongolia in northern Germany into China's territory.
Having said this, Liu Yimin simply explained the history and system of Mongolia and gave the cadres a lesson.
Immediately afterwards, Liu Yimin said, "Mongolia has long been part of the Chinese territory. The Mongolian nation is a member of the Chinese nation. There was no word Outer Mongolia, but called Mobei Mongolia, Outer Zasak, and was re-edited during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty.
In the Qing Dynasty, because there was no unified name available, the vast territory led by General Ulya Sutai was generally called the Ulya Sutai Division. After the mid-Qing Dynasty, Khalkha Mongolia appeared.
The names of the Three Roads Khalkha, the Four Alliances Mongolian Alliances were not yet known until the end of the Qing Dynasty, and the title of Outer Mongolia was replaced. However, because Outer Mongolia is far away from the mainland, its connection with the central government is relatively not so close.
As early as the 19th century, Tsarist Russia targeted Outer Mongolia, used the excuse of trade, and carried out the crime of aggression and erosion, and engaged in the crime of splitting Outer Mongolia. After the outbreak of the Xinhai Revolution, Tsarist Russia couldn't wait to jump out and encourage Mongolia.
The Living Buddha of Zhebuzundanba announced the establishment of ** on December 3, 1911, and held a ceremony in Kulun on December 28 to ascend the throne of Zhebuzundanba in the Great Mongol Empire.
When he said this, the commander of the First Brigade, Wang Dahu, stood up, raised his hand to report and requested a speech.
Liu Yimin was in the mood to speak, but was interrupted by Wang Dahu. He frowned and asked, "Wang Dahu, what are you wrong?"
Wang Dahu was the platoon leader of the Red Army that Liu Yimin met during his time travel. The two had a deep relationship. He heard Wang Dahu report: "Report to Mr. Liu, who is the living Buddha of Zhebuzundanba, and why did Tsarist Russia support him to be Mongolian.
emperor?"
Liu Yimin smiled immediately, signaled Wang Dahu to sit down, touched a cigarette, lit it, took two puffs, and then slowly said: "Zhebuzundanba is the reincarnation of the largest Tibetan Buddhist Gelug Sect in Outer Mongolia.
Living Buddha, Zhebu Zundanba is a transliterated name in Tibetan, meaning the supreme saint and sage. In the early 17th century, the Buddhist monk Dorona was preached in Mongolia in northern Mo and for nearly 20 years.
, permanently stationed in Kulun, was deeply believed and supported, and was respected as Zhebuzundanba, who was the sage wise man. After Doronat passed away in the seventh year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty, the Khalkha tribe Tushetukhan Gunbudorji was in
The next year he gave birth to a son named Zanabazar. The Khalkha tribe recognized that Zanabazar was the reincarnation of Dorona and was honored as Zhebuzundanba I. In the sixth year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, Zhebuzundanba I was born.
When he went to Tibet to study scriptures, the fifth generation forced him to convert to the Huang religion and gave him the title of "Zhebuzundanba Hutuktu". From then on, the Zhebuzundanba Living Buddha system was changed from the Juonan School to the Huang religion. Kangxi
In the 27th year, when the Junggar tribe attacked the Khalkha tribe, Zhebuzundanba I persuaded the Khalkha tribe to surrender to the Qing Dynasty. In the 30th year of Kangxi, the court appointed Zhebuzundanba I as the Great Lama of Hutuktu and managed it.
Outer Mongolia Tibetan Buddhism affairs.”
Seeing Wang Dahu listening with relish, Liu Yimin added: "Wang Dahu, I will tell you what Hutuktu is. This Hutuktu is a Tibetan name, which means immortality. Why can it be immortal?
What about ageing? Because you can reincarnate after death and live forever. Therefore, another meaning of Hutuktu is incarnation. The Qing emperors all believed in Tibetan Buddhism and divided the lamas of Tibetan Buddhism into many levels. Hutuktu is
The highest level. The great living Buddhas spread throughout Tibetan Buddhism can only be called Hutuktu if they are enthroned and recognized by the Qing government. These living Buddhas must be officially registered in the Lifanyuan, an institution dedicated to the affairs of ethnic minority areas in the Qing Dynasty, and
The government sent a letter to the print. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were 243 people registered in the Lifanyuan. There were four major Hutuktu systems in the Qing Dynasty, namely the ** Lama in the former Tibetan area.
Lhasa; Panchen Lama Erdeni, who was later Tibetan, was stationed in Shigatse; Zhangjia Living Buddha in Inner Mongolia, was stationed in Wutai Mountain; Zhebuzundanba, who was stationed in Kulun. In other words, there are two major religious leaders in Mongolia, one is the outer
The Zhebuzundanba Living Buddha of Meng, and the other is the Zhangjia Living Buddha of Inner Mongolia. Needless to say, Zhangjia Living Buddha is a patriotic religious leader who is deeply believed and loved by the Han and Mongolian people. He firmly resists division and is now stationed in Chongqing. This is a matter of this.
**The split-off Zhebuzundanba Living Buddha is the eighth generation Zhebuzundanba Living Buddha. After his death, he was unable to reincarnate because Outer Mongolia announced the establishment of the Mongolian People's Republic. After doing so, he could not reincarnate.
The living Buddha system has been extinct."
Wang Dahu reported that he understood it, thank you Mr. Liu.
Liu Yimin then returned to the topic and continued to talk: "Zhebuzundanba announced the establishment of the **, which was caused by the crime of Tsarist Russia's naked division of China. It was unpopular and was boycotted by the Chinese government, the Chinese people and the compatriots in Inner Mongolia.
.At that time, the Mongolian rebels attacked Inner Mongolia, and the Yuan Shikai government had to launch troops to suppress the rebellion and recover Inner Mongolia. However, Yuan Shikai did not recover Outer Mongolia. Instead, under the coercion of Tsarist Russia, he signed the Sino-Russian Statement and the "Chak"
"The Agreement on the Picture recognizes that Outer Mongolia is part of Chinese territory and implements autonomy. Outer Mongolia immediately announced the abolition of **, Yuan Shikai conferred the eighth generation of Zhebuzundanba Living Buddha as Hutuktu Khan, and Tsarist Russia actually controlled Outer Mongolia. October.
After the revolution, the new Soviet Union fell into a civil war and had no time to take care of Outer Mongolia. Duan Qirui and Xu Shichang of the Beiyang government seized the opportunity and sent Xu Shuzheng to Kulun, Outer Mongolia, to put down the living Buddha Zhebuzundanba, to recover Outer Mongolia, and to completely
The Sino-Russian Statement was denied and Outer Mongolia Autonomy was abolished."
The conference room was silent, and the cadres were all holding their ears, fearing that they missed a word.
Dear book friends: I will post two chapters today to apologize to all book friends, and I will make up for the chapters I owe these two days tomorrow. Thank you everyone! (To be continued)
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