Participants in the Zunyi meeting included members of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee who were accompanying the army, alternate members of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, and heads of the Red Army headquarters and various legions. Among them, there were 6 members of the Politburo: Qin Bangxian (also known as Bogu, the general person in charge of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China), Zhou Enlai (Soviet Military Commission
Vice Chairman, General Political Commissar of the Red Army), Zhang Wentian (Chairman of the People's Committee of the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic), Mao Zedong (Chairman of the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic), Zhu De (Chairman of the Soviet Military Commission, Commander-in-Chief of the Red Army), Chen Yun (Secretary of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions)
;
, He Kequan (i.e. Kaifeng, Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League and Central Representative of the Ninth Red Army); 11 heads of the Red Army headquarters and each army: Liu Bocheng (Chief of General Staff of the Red Army), Li Fuchun (Acting Director of the General Political Department of the Red Army), Lin Biao (First Red Army)
Regiment Commander), Nie Rongzhen (Political Commissar of the First Red Regiment), Peng Dehuai (Commander of the Third Red Regiment), Yang Shangkun (Political Commissar of the Third Red Regiment), Dong Zhentang (Commander of the Fifth Red Regiment), Li Zhuoran (Political Commissar of the Fifth Red Regiment), Luo Binghui (Red Regiment Commander)
Commander of the Ninth Army Corps), Deng Xiaoping (Editor-in-Chief of "Red Star"), Liu Yimin (Commander of the Central Guard Division); Li De (Comintern Military Advisor), Wu Xiuquan (Translator).
The historical Zunyi Conference made four decisions: reorganized the leadership of the Party Central Committee and elected Mao Zedong as a member of the Politburo Standing Committee; appointed Zhang Wentian to draft resolutions; established an appropriate division of labor among the Standing Committee; and canceled the highest military command authority of Bogu and Li De.
, it was decided that Zhu De and Zhou Enlai, the main leaders of the Central Military Commission, would still command the military. Zhou Enlai was the person responsible for making the final decision. After the meeting, it was decided that Zhang Wentian would take over Bogu's overall responsibility in the party, and a three-person group of Zhou Enlai, Mao Zedong, and Wang Jiaxiang was established.
Responsible for military command.
Due to the arrival of Liu Yimin, Mao Zedong had actually taken command of the Red Army. Coupled with the series of victories achieved by the Red Army from Pass to Guizhou, the issue of military command was no longer an urgent issue that needed to be resolved at the meeting. Political and organizational issues rose to the level of urgent need.
The resolution was high. The number of people attending the meeting was also three more than the Zunyi Conference in history. Dong Zhentang, commander of the Fifth Army Corps, Luo Binghui, commander of the Ninth Army Corps, and Liu Yimin, commander of the Guard Division, all attended the meeting.
Bo Gu began to give a report.
From the moment he met Liu Yimin in Tongtang, Bogu was greatly shaken in his thinking. It should be said that he reflected on everything along the way. Therefore, in the report Bogu made today, he summarized the reasons for the failure of the fifth counter-encirclement and suppression campaign quite well, and corrected his own subjective mistakes.
The review was also very sincere. At the end of the report, Bogu took the initiative to say that he was not suitable to assume the responsibility of the party's general leader, and asked to resign from the standing committee and asked the meeting to elect a new party leader.
Liu Yimin sat in a corner of the conference room and was dumbfounded. He did not expect Bogu's report to be like this. It was so different from Bogu's performance during the Zunyi Conference in history. It seemed that Bogu was also a loyal revolutionary and had the ability to correct his mistakes.
courage.
After Bogu finished his report, Zhou Enlai also made a military work report, reviewing the military work since the fifth counter-encirclement and suppression campaign and making a very sincere inspection.
After the two reports were completed, the meeting speech began. Zhang Wentian criticized Bogu's report for failing to summarize the reasons for the failure. His speech incorporated the opinions of Mao Zedong and others, as well as Liu Yimin's thoughts when arguing with Stone in the passage, especially
Put forward Liu Yimin's saying that practice is the only criterion for testing truth. At the end of his speech, Zhang Wentian specifically pointed out: "When we were in the passage, Comrade Liu Yimin, the former acting head of the 18th Regiment, said that the main reason for our failure was
The party is politically naive, flickering left and right; its guiding ideology is vague, and it fails to combine the universal principles of Marxism with the specific practice of the Chinese revolution; its organizational mechanism is imperfect and lacks independence, leading to the expansion of the anti-counterrevolutionary movement and the three-person coalition.
Misconceptions such as overriding the central government; in military command, they first engaged in exhaustion with the enemy, fortress against fortress, short-term assaults, and abandoned the Red Army's principle of combining mobile warfare with guerrilla warfare. After implementing a strategic shift, they blindly fled, resulting in a disastrous defeat in Xiangjiang River
"A new comrade who has just joined the army can clearly see this problem, why can't some of our leading comrades with rich struggle experience see it?"
It should be said that Zhang Wentian's discovery was very successful. Next, Wang Jiaxiang, Mao Zedong, Peng Dehuai, Nie Rongzhen, Zhu De, Chen Yun, Liu Shaoqi, etc. all gave speeches. They analyzed and criticized the central government's mistakes since the fifth counter-encirclement and suppression campaign.
Mao Zedong's speech was still so humorous and sharp, and exposed the essence of Wang Ming's left-leaning wrong line to the core. The speeches of other Red Army generals such as Peng Dehuai and Nie Rongzhen combined the successes and failures of specific combat cases to combine the left-leaning military wrong line and Li De's blindness.
The conductor's criticism was all over the place. Li De couldn't bear it anymore and couldn't help but roar: "Do you want me, a German, to be responsible for your failure?" After the roar, he slammed the door and left.
It should be said that the independent consciousness of the Communist Party of China truly began to awaken when Li De slammed the door and left.
At noon, everyone in the meeting had dinner at the Red Army headquarters.
After dinner, Liu Yimin went to Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Zhu De and reported that Han Hanying, commander of the 59th Division of the enemy's Central Army, and Tang Yunshan, commander of the 93rd Division, had been captured during the battle in Qingxi Town.
According to the situation, in addition to the Red Army, the Fourth Front Army, and the Second and Sixth Army Corps that stayed in the Soviet area to fight guerrillas, there was also a Red Army in northern Shaanxi, led by Liu Zhidan.
As soon as Mao Zedong heard this, he asked where the documents were?
Liu Yimin took out the document and handed it to Mao Zedong. After Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, and Zhu De looked at it, Zhou Enlai asked if there was any other supporting evidence.
Liu Yimin hurriedly took out the transcripts of the interrogation of Han Hanying and Tang Yunshan, and said that this news should be reliable. When I had a discussion with representatives of industry and commerce in Zhenyuan, one of the ticket account managers was from Qixian County, Shanxi Province. He said that their ticket account was in Yulin.
There is a semicolon, but not near Yan'an. The reason is that northern Shaanxi is also popular, and the leader is Liu Zhidan.
Zhou Enlai thought for a while, Liu Zhidan graduated from the fourth phase of Huangpu, the same period as Lin Biao.
Mao Zedong said: "In this case, we have to reconsider our strategy."
Mr. Zhu said: "You can't go to western Hunan, and even if you go there, you can't stay. You can't go back to the Soviet area now. If you go back, you will have to face Chiang Kai-shek's crazy siege. After the Fourth Front Army advances westward, the base area is not stable now. We need to study it carefully.
This is where the Red Army moves."
Mao Zedong asked: "Comrade Liu Yimin, what do you think?"
Liu Yimin replied: "I joined the army late and have limited experience. These major issues are not matters for me to think about. I just want to follow the party, follow Chairman Mao, Vice Chairman Zhou and the Commander-in-Chief to win the war. However, I think that if our Red Army wants to truly develop
, must be recognized by the people of the whole country. Now fighting the Kuomintang, whether it wins or loses, is a civil war in the eyes of many people. The slogan of our Red Army going north to fight against Japan is very good. If we can really go north to fight against Japan, we will definitely
It can win the response and support of the people across the country. If the opportunity is ripe, we can even unite various domestic forces to force Chiang Kai-shek to stop the civil war and unite to resist Japan. In this way, we can not only drive the Japanese invaders out of China, but also allow our Red Army to grow stronger.
Accumulate strength. Moreover, judging from the current situation, the Japanese may not just occupy the Northeast. According to Han Hanying, some people in the Chiang Kai-shek government also judged that Japan would fully invade China. According to Han Hanying, Chiang Kai-shek went to Guizhou to pursue our troops.
On the one hand, they want to eliminate us; on the other hand, they want local warlords to fight with the Red Army to consume the strength of both sides; and on the third hand, they want to seize power in the southwest. It is said that this plan was the work of Yang Yongtai, a senior adviser to Chiang Kai-shek.
The top management called it a plan to kill three birds with one stone. Tang Yunshan also confessed that Chiang Kai-shek was preparing to seize power in Guizhou and Sichuan and build a southwest rear area to prepare for a big war with Japan in the future. Tang Yunshan also confessed that Xue Yue received
The order was not to pursue the Red Army, but to penetrate directly into Guiyang and urge Wang Jialie's Guizhou Army and Long Yun's Yunnan Army to go north to pursue the Red Army. During the battle of Qingxi Town, the Central Army went to Guiyang, not to northern Guizhou. Han Hanying
This man may lead troops to fight, but his military training is good, otherwise I would have shot him and Tang Yunshan."
Zhou Enlai asked: "Do you know this place in northern Shaanxi?"
Liu Yimin said: "I have never been there and don't know much about it. I only know that it is Li Zicheng's hometown, which is desolate and poor. But strategically speaking, we can go out from Shanxi in the east, connect Mongolia in the north, Ningxia and Gansu in the west, and Qinchuan eight hundred miles south.
The room for maneuver is quite large, and it is far away from Chiang Kai-shek’s core ruling circle.”
Mao Zedong said: "Enlai, we must immediately try to collect information about the Red Army and Northern Shaanxi. This news is definitely good news for us. At least it will give us one more choice. If we can confirm these situations, we will
The aimless transfer can end."
Mr. Zhu said: "If we can make a decision at the meeting, our strategic goals will undergo a big change. Comrade Liu Yimin, you are really a blessed general of our Red Army. You not only bring new concepts and new ideas, but also
There is so much good news. I really want to thank you!"
Mao Zedong said: "Mr. Zhu, this is thinking with the overall situation in mind and thinking strategically. Comrade Liu Yimin, work hard, our Red Army can accomplish a lot!"
Zhou Enlai said: "If we can join forces with the Fourth Front Army and join forces in one place, our strength will be greatly increased, and we will not be afraid of wherever we go."
Mr. Zhu said: "Well, when the Xiangjiang Battle was at its most tense, we sent a telegram to the Fourth Front Army to launch an offensive to coordinate, but Comrade Guotao didn't seem to respond."
Mao Zedong said: "I haven't seen Zhang Guotao in how many years. I wonder what his character is now."
Seeing this as an opportunity, Liu Yimin reported: "Chairman Mao, Vice Chairman Zhou, and Commander-in-Chief Zhu, according to Han Hanying, captured some Red Army cadres when their troops encircled the Hubei, Henan, and Anhui Soviet areas. It is said that these people were purged by Zhang Guotao.
came out. Listen to them, Zhang Guo
Tao was carrying out a large-scale counter-revolutionary campaign in Baique Garden in Hubei, Henan, and Anhui. He could not kill people, so he used machine guns. All members of the Huoqiu County Party Committee were killed. Two cooks were left in the Lu'an County Party Committee, and the rest ranged from county party committee secretaries to ordinary cadres.
All were killed. The Soviet government in Chinan County killed 45 of 48 people. Yingshan County
10 of the 11 Soviet members were killed. The purge and killing of the Red Army troops was even worse. More than 100 people from a company of the Hongshan Guard Regiment were killed at one time. The commander of the Baiqueyuan Red Guard Regiment and three battalion commanders were all killed, 9
A company commander killed 7 people. The Hong'an Independent Division killed more than 200 people in one night.
The more famous leaders in the Hubei-Henan-Anhui base areas such as Xu Pengren, Wang Xiusong, Cao Xuekai, etc. were all killed. Senior army generals such as Xu Jishen, Zhou Weijiong and other famous Red Army generals were also killed by Zhang Guotao. After Xu Jishen was killed, he was pregnant with
His pregnant wife was also brutally murdered by Zhang Guotao. Those few
Red Army prisoners said that cadres above the company commander of their regiment killed 73 people. It is said that Cheng Xunxuan, the wife of Xu Qianqian, the commander-in-chief of the Fourth Front Army, was captured by Zhang Guotao and was secretly killed by Zhang Guotao. The night before Cheng Xunxuan died, Xu sang folk songs all night.
The commander-in-chief still doesn’t know
He talked about the murder of his lover by Zhang Guotao. Due to too many killings, the people in the base area aroused strong resistance. The people in Huang'an Sixth District, that is, Xianju District, shouted slogans to defeat the murderous executioner Zhang Guotao, gathered the Red Guards, and handed over the soldiers sent by Zhang Guotao.
9 guns of Political Security Bureau cadres,
As a result, Zhang Guotao thought it was a riot and carried out a bloody suppression. More than 60 village cadres were killed. According to Han Hanying, after hearing that Xu Jishen and Zhou Weijiong were killed, the national army generals were jubilant, thinking that the Red Army had helped the national army eliminate its powerful enemy.
, only Chiang Kai-shek said Xu Jishen, Zhou
Wei Jiong's death was not unjust. It was because they took the wrong path and followed the communist bandits. Vice Chairman Zhou, why do you think the central government agreed to Zhang Guotao's killing of Xu Jishen, Zhou Weijiong and so many Red Army soldiers? Don't say that Zhang Guotao did this.
You can't be a human being, even an animal?"
Mao Zedong's face turned livid, Zhu De trembled all over, and Zhou Enlai couldn't hold it back and spurted out a mouthful of blood.
Several people hurriedly supported him, and Liu Yimin was about to call a doctor. Zhou Enlai shook his hand and said: "Comrade Liu Yimin, the party thanks you, the Red Army thanks you, and I, Zhou Enlai, thank you. Thank you for letting us know so many truths. This matter is temporary
It needs to be kept secret, only a few of us know it. You haven’t told anyone else, right?”
Liu Yimin immediately saluted: "Report to Vice Chairman Zhou, I evacuated Qingxi Town after interrogating Han Hanying and Tang Yunshan. I will only report the situation they explained to you three, and no one else will know. Besides, these things
We still need to meet comrades from the Fourth Front Army to get confirmation. I heard that Zeng Zhongsheng is still being secretly detained by Zhang Guotao!"
Zhou Enlai turned to Mao Zedong and Zhu De and said: "Zedong, boss, let's go to a meeting!"
Several people walked into the venue together.
The meeting began. Seeing that everyone was in a good mood, Zhang Wentian said: "Based on the situation of the morning meeting, I agree to Comrade Bogu's request to resign as the party's general leader, retain his position as a member of the Standing Committee, and recommend that the meeting elect Comrade Mao Zedong as a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau.
As the general person in charge of the party and the person in charge of military command, he commands the Red Army to fight against the enemy!"
After Zhang Wentian spoke, there was a brief silence.
The early leaders of the Communist Party were basically divided into three groups. Some studied in the Soviet Union, others returned from studying in France, and some were born and raised. Because Wang Ming's left-leaning line controlled the central leadership, Mao Zedong was deliberately suppressed.
For more than two years, he was basically on the sidelines. Although he was a representative, a member of the Political Bureau, and personally founded the Central Soviet Area, in terms of merit, ability, labor, and qualifications, among the leaders who accompanied the army on the Long March
There are very few people who can compare with him. However, Zhang Wentian rashly proposed to make him the general person in charge of the party and the chief of the military. Many comrades could not accept it at once.
According to research by party history experts, historically Mao Zedong truly took command of the Red Army during the Fourth Crossing of Chishui, which was a campaign of pretending to attack Guiyang and actually entering Yunnan. During the Fourth Crossing, Mao Zedong commanded the Red Army to play tricks on Chiang Kai-shek.
On the palm of his hand, the northward passage was opened. The command of this battle was like a stroke of genius, and Mao Zedong himself was very satisfied. However, it was at the Shawo Conference in August 1935 that Mao Zedong nominally obtained command of the Red Army.
Zhou Enlai fell ill, and the meeting decided that Mao Zedong would replace Zhou Enlai as the military commander, which was known as the commander-in-chief change in Shawo. As for Mao Zedong becoming the top person in charge of the party, it was even later, and that happened after arriving in Yan'an.
The emergence of Liu Yimin affected the historical process. It turned out that the trio of Mao Zedong, Zhang Wentian and Wang Jiaxiang omitted a lot of the process of brewing before the Zunyi Conference. In addition, after the Channel Conference, Mao Zedong commanded the Red Army to victory, which made Zhang Wentian think that the party could be completely resolved at this time.
The time was ripe for the issue of military and military leadership, so he raised it. With this statement, he suddenly changed the theme of the meeting from summarizing the experience and lessons of the fifth counter-encirclement and suppression campaign to discussing the top personnel issues within the party. The turn was too sharp, and Mao Zedong found it difficult to speak.
, so there was a brief lull in the meeting.
At this time, Mr. Zhu spoke. To be honest, if it were not for what Liu Yimin said just now, Mr. Zhu would not have said harsh words with his character and generous virtue. Liu Yimin's words stimulated him and made him feel
If these guys continue to struggle, they will kill the Red Army without Chiang Kai-shek coming to kill him. Therefore, Mr. Zhu came up and said: "I agree with Comrade Zhang Wentian and support Comrade Mao Zedong to lead the party and the Red Army. In addition, I suggest that
Comrade Bogu conducted a review of the issues that led to the expansion of the suppression of counter-revolutionaries during the period when he presided over the work of the Central Committee. It is recommended that the Central Committee immediately send power to He Long and Xiao Ke, and put Xia Xi on trial for the crime of expanding the suppression of counter-revolutionaries and indiscriminately killing Red Army cadres and soldiers!"
As soon as Mr. Zhu finished his words, Zhou Enlai went on to say: "I agree with Comrade Wen Tian and support Comrade Mao Zedong in leading the Party and the Red Army. I will further review the mistakes I made when I was responsible for the military and other work of the Central Committee. Please call the meeting
My resignation from the Standing Committee and the post of General Political Commissar of the Red Army has been approved. I am willing to continue to work hard to make up for the losses caused to the Party and the Red Army due to the implementation of the wrong line."
Mao Zedong couldn't sit still and immediately said: "In today's meeting, everyone has made a profound summary of the experiences and lessons learned since the fifth counter-encirclement and suppression campaign. Both those who criticize and those who are criticized are motivated by a communist's sense of responsibility and do not deal with the situation but the person."
.I do not agree with Comrade Enlai’s request to resign. Our Red Army is still at a critical moment of life and death. The Red Army needs Comrade Enlai and the party needs Comrade Enlai. As for Comrade Bogu, I suggest that the meeting approves his resignation from the positions of general leader and standing committee member of the party. I hope that Bogu will
Comrades, don't be burdened, just correct the mistakes. Our party and the Red Army need everyone to unite and overcome difficulties."
Chen Yun was sitting there, thinking about the morning meeting, and wondering why Bogu took the initiative to resign. He saw Zhang Wentian, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, and Mao Zedong speaking one after another, and they were discussing the issue of the top leader. He stood up and said: "Since the Central Committee came to the Soviet Area,
, the implementation of a wrong line is indeed a wrong one, and this situation must be changed. I agree with Comrade Wen Tian and support Lao Mao to lead the party and the Red Army. I also agree with Lao Mao and disagree with Comrade Enlai's resignation. Comrade Enlai expressed his gratitude to the party and the Red Army.
Everyone is aware of his contribution. Even if there are mistakes, he can just reflect deeply and there is no need to resign. At what time is it now, the enemy is still chasing after us? This is not the time for us Communists to demand resignation."
It can be said that the afternoon meeting was a sudden change, and many people were confused. Some of the people who insisted on changing the command of the Red Army did not expect that Bogu would resign voluntarily, and did not expect that Zhang Wentian's suggestions would be so drastic, and even more so.
They did not expect that the honest and kind-hearted Mr. Zhu would speak so fiercely, and that Zhou Enlai would unequivocally support Mao Zedong and even offer to resign. Due to changes in their thinking, those who supported Bogu originally thought that the command of the top three people might be relieved, but they did not expect that Bogu would propose
To resign, except for Bo Gu, five of the six Politburo members agreed to his resignation. Hearing Zhu De's intention, he also asked him to reflect deeply. The cadres at the Red Army headquarters and combat units were even more confused and didn't know what had happened.
There was such a big change that even Zhou Enlai had to resign. However, Mao Zedong commanding the Red Army was something that the soldiers were looking forward to, and of course they had to support it. So Lin Biao, Nie Rongzhen, Peng Dehuai, Yang Shangkun, and Li Zhuoran also spoke in support of Mao Zedong's emergence.
Leading the Party and the Red Army.
Liu Yimin, Dong Zhentang, and Luo Binghui attended the meeting and had no right to speak. But at such a critical moment, if he did not speak, Liu Yimin himself would die of shame. So, seeing the right moment, Liu Yimin was lucky and shouted: "
Report!"
The sound was so loud that everyone stopped and looked at him. Liu Yimin did not ask for instructions and said directly: "Report to Chairman Mao, Vice Chairman Zhou, Commander-in-Chief Zhu, and all central leaders. I am Liu Yimin, commander of the Central Guard Division. I am here.
During the meeting, all the soldiers in the division asked me to say hello to the leaders on their behalf! On behalf of the Guard Division, I firmly support the decision of the Central Committee and am determined to defeat all enemies and complete all tasks assigned to us by the Central Committee and Chairman Mao under the leadership of Chairman Mao and the Central Committee.
!”
After Liu Yimin finished speaking, he saluted the audience and then sat down. Dong Zhentang and Luo Binghui next to him took a look and let the baby teacher take the lead again. Just when he was about to stand up to speak, he heard Zhang Wentian say: "Since everyone has the same opinion, I suggest
Take a vote!”
The voting results came out quickly, agreeing that Bogu would resign as the party's general leader and member of the Politburo Standing Committee, and Mao Zedong would be co-opted as a member of the Politburo Standing Committee, with Comrade Mao Zedong as the party's general leader and military commander.
In this way, due to the arrival of Liu Yimin, the Zunyi Conference re-elected the party leaders on the first day and clarified the command authority of the Red Army. Mao Zedong stepped onto the broad stage in advance.