The Russian Pacific Fleet traveled all over the world after the Battle of the Yellow Sea. Four battleships including the Polevest returned to Lushun, and the battleship Crown Prince, a destroyer and an auxiliary ship ran to Qingdao, and were eventually relieved by the Germans.
armed. There are two cruisers
The destroyer ran to Zhifu (Yantai), the cruiser Parada actually ran to Manila in one breath, and was later detained by the Americans. The seriously damaged Letvezan and cruiser Askeld on the battlefield were the goddess of the hunt.
The USS and two destroyers ran to Shanghai.
According to the neutrality treaty, the Qing government had the right to require the Russian warships taking refuge to leave the country within a time limit or to detain them after disarming them. However, in view of the fact that the Russian warships that fled into Yantai Port were disarmed, the Qing government could not provide effective protection.
, was forcibly towed away by the Japanese warships that were following, and the Russian princess
Resal was worried that the same thing would happen to the Russian warships that fled to Shanghai. He immediately notified the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Qing court and asked Shanghai to handle the matter in accordance with the neutrality treaty. At the same time, he telegraphed the Consul General in Shanghai, Kuo Leiming, to communicate with the Shanghai authorities as much as possible.
Taiwanese Yuan Shuxun negotiated to ensure the safety of the Russian ship.
Shanghai Dao Yuan Shuxun felt another headache. If this kind of negotiation with foreigners was done well, the court would pay attention to it and he would be promoted soon. But if it caused a dispute, he would be dismissed soon.
After several Russian ships arrived in Shanghai on the 12th, Yuan Shuxun immediately required the Russian ships to leave the country within 24 hours in accordance with international conventions. Otherwise, in accordance with the neutrality treaty, each ship would be immediately disarmed and detained by the Qing government.
However, Russian Consul Kuoleiming responded on the 13th, refusing to dismantle the ordnance in accordance with the relevant external regulations promulgated by the Qing government. He stated that the Russian warship was imported for repair due to injuries and was not subject to the 24-hour restriction. He only agreed to repair the Russian warship.
Export within 24 hours thereafter.
Regarding the solution proposed by Russia to wait 24 hours for the warship to be repaired before exporting it, Japan firmly opposes it. It believes that if China allows the Russian warship to fully repair it, it will be enough to restore its combat effectiveness. It violates the neutrality clause and prohibits the Warring States warship from sailing until the nearest
Regulations at the port. Japanese Consul Manju Odagiri, following an order from the Japanese government, notified Yuan Shuxun and proposed the following solution: Russian warships may be ordered to be exported immediately. If not, repairs will not be allowed and the ship will be launched.
Unload all weapons, bullets, and critical machinery at the mooring port until the end of the battle. It said that if it cannot choose one of the above two options, Japan will take appropriate measures to solve it on its own. China will be responsible for any incidents caused. 19
At noon on the same day, Japan sent another note to the Shanghai Road, requesting that the repair period of the Russian ship be reduced to two days. It pointed out that if China allowed it to complete the repairs, Japan would take appropriate measures on its own to solve the problem.
Under pressure from the Japanese, the Tsarist Russian government finally agreed to dismantle the weapons on the warships, and China would detain the Russian ships in accordance with the provisions of the neutrality treaty.
Now in the whole of East Asia, there are only five shipyards that can accommodate 13,000-ton warships for docking and repair. Two of them belong to the Russians, one is in Lushun and the other is in Vladivostok, but they are now under Japanese blockade. The other two belong to the Russians.
There are two just built fifteen thousand
The 15,000-ton shipyard belongs to the Yokosuka Shipyard and Wugang Naval Factory under the Japanese Navy. Another one with such a shipyard is the Hudong Shipyard run by Lin Shuo, and the Qingdao Shipyard run by the Germans is planning a 15,000-ton shipyard.
The floating dock has not yet been built.
The Japanese are fully supporting the development of heavy industry. Their steel industry and shipbuilding industry not only receive tax exemptions but also receive government incentive funds. With the support of this national system, Japan's heavy industry has achieved rapid development. Japan's steel industry
The annual output is close to 200,000 tons, far exceeding that of China.
Although the Qing government was also aware of encouraging the development of industry and commerce, it was aimless, without purpose or planning. Lin Shuo was helpless. The power of one person could not match that of a country. The only thing he could do was
We should try our best to narrow the development gap between the two countries.
What makes Lin Shuo feel a little relieved is that at least now no one will stop him from opening a mine and setting up a factory, and the imperial court also stipulates that the railways under construction in the country must first use the rails produced by Hanyang Iron Works.
After the warships were disarmed, the Russians worked hard to fight for it in accordance with the neutrality treaty, and the Japanese reluctantly agreed that the damaged Russian ships could be docked for repairs. It is not known when the war will end, and if the severely damaged Russian ships are not repaired, they will not be repaired.
If the wharf is allowed to be blown by wind and flooded, the possibility of it being scrapped is quite high.
The British company Jessen Shipyard took the lead in grabbing the ship repair contract for the Russian cruiser Askold and the destroyer Grossufoy, but they were unable to do anything about the Letvizan because the largest shipyard of the Jessen Shipyard at this time could only
Accommodates 6,000-ton ships.
The Hudong Shipyard successfully obtained a ship repair contract for three Russian ships, including the Letvezan and the Huntsman. The ship repair costs in the contract totaled 670,000 silver dollars, of which 40,000 yuan was required to be paid to the Russian Consul Kuoleiming.
The rebates, after excluding labor and materials, are expected to net a total of 250,000 to 60,000 yuan, which is enough for Hudong Shipyard to build another large 20,000-ton shipyard.
When Lin Shuo rushed to buy Huishan Terminal, he took over four old passenger and cargo ships from Maibian Foreign Company and three transportation routes owned by this foreign company: Shanghai to Hankou, Shanghai to Tianjin and Shanghai via Xiamen, and Hong Kong to
In comparison to Singapore, Lin Shuo pays more attention to the international route in hand.
This will inevitably lead to competition with other foreign shipping companies. Fortunately, Macbian and Foreign Company reached freight rate agreements with Swire and Jardine. However, it failed because the scale of Macbian and Foreign Company was too small, and the ships in its hands were lagging behind and could not be updated.
After Lin Shuo took over, the profits of Nanyang shipping were relatively stable initially. However, there are recent signs that the ambitious Nippon Yusen Line will join the competition for Nanyang shipping after the Russo-Japanese War.
As a precautionary measure, and also because the Hudong Shipyard has been under-operated since it was put into production, Lin Shuo decided to build two new passenger and cargo ships of about 5,000 tons.
Since there was no experience in building 5,000-ton ships in China, Lin Shuo decided to start with introduction. Vulcan Shipyard, which provided dock construction and facilities, was responsible for the design of the two ships. For this purpose, Hudong Shipyard will pay 5,000 pounds for the design.
cost.
Lin Shuo's order for shipyard facilities worth millions of silver dollars allowed Vulcan Shipyard, which was starting to open a new factory in Hamburg, to a large extent solve its funding problem. Therefore, it attached great importance to this contract from the East and immediately sent a team.
A team of outstanding designers and engineers came to China.
Of course, the expenses during this period have to be paid by Lin Shuo.
It takes ten years to grow trees and a hundred years to cultivate people. The prosperity of a modern country can never be separated from education.
Science and technology is the primary productive force, which has been a recognized truth in later generations.
Developing national industry requires science and technology and a large number of talents trained in new schools.
Modern education in China began with the Fujian Shipbuilding School founded by Zuo Zongtang and Shen Baozhen in 1866. Later, Li Hongzhang founded the Beiyang Naval School in 1880, and then the Beiyang University School in 1895. This was also the beginning of modern China.
The first university in the era. After Gengzi, Empress Dowager Cixi realized that the old imperial examination system could no longer meet the needs of a strong country, and began to implement the "New Deal" to encourage the establishment of new schools in various places to cultivate talents proficient in modern science and technology.
With the support of far-sighted feudal officials such as Zhang Zhidong, Liu Kunyi, and Yuan Shikai, the abolition of the imperial examination system has become a general trend. In January 1904, the Qing government officially announced the "Regulations of the School" formulated by Zhang Baixi, the Minister of Management and Education.
It laid the foundation of China’s modern education system.
In 1903, Zhang Jian, with the strong support of Lin Shuo, founded China's first normal school, Tongzhou Normal School. The school was a secondary normal school and mainly trained primary school teachers. The curriculum mainly includes: Chinese, self-cultivation, education, ethics, arithmetic,
It was adapted to meet the needs of high school and elementary school teaching. Later, simple subjects, surveying and mapping subjects, silkworm subjects, agricultural subjects and civil engineering subjects were added as needed. In addition, the school also established engineering classrooms, agricultural classrooms, farms, museums, surveying and mapping institutes, etc.
These facilities have exceeded the scope of ordinary secondary normal schools and have the basic organizational scale of junior colleges.
Zhang Jian attaches great importance to normal education. He clearly pointed out from the perspective of patriotism: "If you want to avenge your national humiliation (national humiliation) but do not pay attention to knowledge, you will have no qualifications. If you want to learn knowledge but do not seek to popularize education for the people, you will have nothing. If you want to educate the people but do not
A teacher has no guidance, so the establishment of a school must start from an elementary school, especially from a normal school.”
Later, Lin Shuo founded the Shanghai Higher Industrial School in Shanghai, and while opening the Hudong Shipyard, he also opened the Shanghai Merchant Marine School in the northern section of the Yangshupu Shipyard, mainly to train engineering talents.
The military will naturally be the basis for his future career. After Lin Shuo took over Dongjun, he opened the Dongjun Camp Officer Academy on Chongming Island. Most of these officer students were the children of Dongjun and Xinchu officers and soldiers who had migrated from Taiwan.
Some of them are also from students recruited in Jiangnan.
During this era, all provinces began to open military armament schools, but the military group that could really make a difference in the political arena of the Republic of China in the future were the officer cadets from the Beiyang Arms Academy and the non-commissioned officers who studied in Japan. During this period, Dongjun had not yet invested in the Beiyang system.
, Lin Shuo could only work in the Jiangnan provinces and squeeze out some places on the lists of military academies in each province recommending students to study in the military in Japan.
The first batch of twelve outstanding trainees selected from Dongjun's battalion officer academy were scheduled to go to Japan in 1904. However, due to the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War, they could only stay in China. After Dongjun was transferred north to Luanzhou
, this group of trainees stationed at the Shanghai Merchant Marine School to learn Japanese. Since the Shanghai Merchant Marine School provided free food and accommodation for students studying in Japan, many domestic students studying in Japan also gathered at the school during this period.