"I voluntarily join the Chinese Renaissance Party. I swear: I will abide by the party's discipline, obey the party's leadership, and the secrets of the conservative party. I will voluntarily devote my life's energy to the great cause of the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. I hereby swear to be unswerving throughout my life.
!" Every year Fuzhou's Army Officer School, Naval Command School, Naval Engineering School, Fuzhou Engineering School
Cheng School and Fuzhou University of Political Science and Law have many freshmen applying to join the China Renaissance Party. These five universities in Fuzhou recruit more than 3,000 students from all over the country every year. They are different from other domestic institutions of higher learning because these universities are established by the China Renaissance Party to train themselves.
It was founded by military and political cadres and was directly led by the headquarters of the Chinese Renaissance Party.
The Chinese Renaissance Party was developed on the basis of the Liberation Association and the Taiwan Restoration Association. Since Tao Chengzhang, the leader of the Liberation Association, was assassinated in 1911, the Liberation Party has become nothing more than a mess. Lin Shuohe was the first president of the Liberation Association.
Cai Yuanpei reorganized the Liberation Association and established the Chinese Renaissance Party. All the backbones of the original Dongjun system were asked by Lin Shuo to join the newly established Chinese Renaissance Party.
Lin Shuo's original intention to form the Chinese Renaissance Party was to divide the strength of the Kuomintang as much as possible in the upcoming congressional elections, in order to avoid the civil strife that occurred that year.
He overestimated himself a bit. In fact, the influence of the Restoration Association was basically limited to Jiangsu and Zhejiang. In addition, most of the Restoration members of the Dongjun system were soldiers, and their influence on the local area was limited. In the 1913 congressional election,
The Democratic Party still gained the status of the largest party in the parliament
However, the Chinese Renaissance Party had a big impact on Liang Qichao's Republican Party. Former Republican Party members Zhang Jian, Lei Fen, Yang Tingdong, Tang Shouqian, Tang Hualong, etc. all left the Republican Party and joined the Chinese Renaissance Party. After all, Lin Shuo was very important in the Jiangsu and Zhejiang industrial and commercial circles.
The influence is there.
After the Battle of Ganning, the Beiyang Group reached its heyday, but it also began to gradually differentiate from this time, forming small groups. If Yuan Shikai's decrees touched their own interests, they would begin to resist and they would not be able to implement them.
There were many understanding people around Lao Yuan. When they saw that the central government's decree was not in compliance, they began to prepare to reduce local military power and implemented a "separation of military and political affairs". Each province established a provincial governor, the military governor was in charge of military affairs, and the provincial governor was in charge of civil affairs.
The idea was good, but how could the warlords in Beiyang, who had already reaped the sweet rewards, hand over the power they had obtained, so they began to delay it. If there was an ignorant provincial governor, they would encourage their gang of warriors to cause trouble.
Driving the provincial governor away, or even worse, simply announcing that he is also the civil affairs chief, taking advantage of both sides.
Later, they came up with a "provincial abolition and restructuring", which divided a province into several parts to reduce the large ones. For example, Jiangsu was divided into three towns and governors: Huaibei, Jiangbei, and southern Jiangsu. Anhui set up a governor in southern Anhui. The attempt to divide and rule them also gave up halfway.
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These actions only made Lao Yuan lose his heart, and he was a little too anxious to take back power.
But the Beiyang Army he relied on has now become his opponent, so he has to start over again and set up a model regiment in an attempt to reorganize the new army. But the troops he uses are inhumane. Yuan Keding wants to be the leader of the model regiment, and the army controlled by Duan Qirui
The Ministry was determined not to allow it, so Lao Yuan had no choice but to concurrently serve as the leader of the Officer Model Corps. Yuan Shikai was old and could no longer train officers by himself. However, more than half of the Officer Model Corps became Duan Qirui.
Lao Yuan's situation made Lin Shuo horrified. In fact, he already felt that he was somewhat powerless.
In the Battle of Ganning, if the Dongjun Group in the south could resolutely implement Lin Shuo's instructions, he would now control a much larger territory. Many people were wary of their friendship with the Democratic Party and looked forward and backward, which ultimately allowed Feng Guozhang to take advantage.
According to Lin Shuo's original idea, Feng Huafu had no chance of entering Nanjing.
In view of this, Lin Shuocai determined to transform the Chinese Baath Party and his army according to the methods of later generations. Judging from the experience of later generations, this is the method most suitable for China's national conditions under the current circumstances.
The party-state and party army are at least quite capable of fighting.
Being combative means being obedient and obeying orders from superiors unconditionally.
As for the shortcomings, it also has combat effectiveness. If the leader makes mistakes, he will obey unconditionally. The combat effectiveness turns into destructive power, and the effect is also astonishing.
I can't care about that much now.
After Lin Shuo became governor of Fujian, in order to cultivate his own direct armed forces and government affairs talents, he continued to expand the scale and opened these five colleges and universities on the basis of the new site of the new shipbuilding school in Mawei, and the Dongjun Military Academy in the northwest was merged into it.
Fujian Military and Political University recruits new students nationwide.
Since the Wuhu Iron and Steel Works started construction in 1907, it took six years and finally the first furnace of molten iron was produced at the end of October 1913. For this reason, Lin Shuo made a special trip to Wuhu to attend the ignition and opening ceremony of the No. 1 blast furnace of the iron plant.
Wuhu Iron and Steel Plant, like the renovated and expanded Hanyang Iron Plant, has six iron-making blast furnaces, four converters and two steel-making open-hearth furnaces with a daily output of 150 tons. The designed daily production capacity is 1,000 tons of pig iron and the annual steel production is 300,000 tons.
In addition, the coal coking plant affiliated to the iron plant can produce 100,000 tons of chemical raw materials every year.
Seeing the blazing fire dragon spurting out from the tap hole, Lin Shuo finally felt at ease. At least in the next few years, this large steel plant would provide him with profits of hundreds of millions of yuan every year.
Now the situation in Anhui is particularly weird. Zhang Xun, the governor of Anhui appointed by Yuan Shikai, is staying in Xuzhou, Jiangsu, while Ni Sichong, the governor of Anhui, is staying in his hometown Bengbu and refuses to go to Anqing to work. Instead, the provincial capital Anqing is controlled by Zhuang Yi's Anhui No. 1
The Second Division was stationed, and no one took charge of government affairs. If there were any major events, officials would have to ask Bengbu or Xuzhou for instructions.
In addition, Li Zhiliang, the garrison envoy in southern Anhui, although nominally Zhang Xun's subordinate, has been threatening to cut off the braids on Marshal Zhang's head, but Zhang Xun has no way to do anything.
These three people separated themselves from Anhui Province, and they lived in one place, but they lived in peace with each other. This was a strange scenery in the Beiyang era.
Lin Shuo's Northwest Army has expanded to five divisions due to the battle in Mongolia, covering the four provinces of Shanxi, Suiyuan, Chacha and Kobdo. In the south, the Fujian Army has two divisions, and Zhejiang Governor Dong Yuntang has three divisions.
Jiang Chengyu in southern Jiangxi has a division, Liu Zhijie in Suzhou, and Li Ren in his department
First Division, plus Zhang Ting's auxiliary division in western Hubei, Li Hanjun and Li Yunlong each have a mixed brigade stationed in Jingzhou and western Hunan. Now the army directly controlled by the Chinese Renaissance Party has reached as many as fourteen divisions, and the total strength exceeds that of the Beiyang Army.
Together, it has become the largest military group in the country.
In fact, when Yuan Shikai makes some major decisions now, he usually seeks Lin Shuo's opinion. The Dongjun Group has become an important force in the Beiyang Group that can influence the current situation.
The domestic political situation was stable, industry and commerce were developing, and the European War would soon begin. Most of Lin Shuo's energy was focused on foreign trade.
In order to improve the domestic naval strength and win over the navy, Lin Shuo wanted to transfer half of the equity in Luoyuan Port and the shipyard to the Ministry of Navy, but was opposed by the Germans. German banks believed in Lin Shuo's repayment ability, but they would never
I believe that the Navy Ministry of the Republic of China was so poor that it cost money to wear pants.
Here I have to mention the "Berliham Contract" signed by China and the United States in the late Qing Dynasty regarding naval cooperation between the two countries.
The Berriham Contract, generally known as the Bethlehem Contract, was a massive naval reconstruction and naval port construction plan signed by the Bethlehem Company and the Qing government under the authorization of the U.S. government in 1911. It was intended to strengthen the Qing Dynasty's naval strength.
Contain the strategic threat to the United States from the increasingly large Japanese navy.
In 1908, in order to restrain the expansion of Japanese naval power and safeguard U.S. interests in the Far East, U.S. President Roosevelt proposed a cooperation plan to the Qing Dynasty. The contents included: 1. The United States would provide assistance to the Qing Dynasty in establishing a fleet and all its facilities. The Qing Dynasty would rebuild its naval base.
The necessary ships were built by American companies, and the costs were temporarily advanced by the U.S. government, and then repaid year by year according to the financial situation of the Qing government.
Also; 2. The United States designed the facilities and equipment of the naval port for the Qing Dynasty, which was funded by the U.S. government, and U.S. companies undertook the construction; 3. The U.S. government is obligated to train naval officers for China, and the Chinese Navy can send overseas students to study at the U.S. Naval Academy for free, which is funded by the U.S.
The government provides funding. 4. The U.S. Navy can dispatch naval officers to be stationed on various Qing ships to serve as Chinese naval advisers and trainers.
In 1909, Qing Navy Minister Zai Xun visited the United States and reached an oral agreement in principle on naval cooperation between the two countries.
In March 1911, President Taft met with Liang Dunyan, the former Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, who was visiting the United States, and emphasized that China must strengthen its naval power if it wants to strengthen itself. In this regard, the United States can build ships and train officers for China. According to this proposal
, the Qing government reached an internal loan agreement and decided that shipbuilding funds would be limited to 25 million taels; the borrowing method would be unsecured loans, repayable on an annual basis; the naval artillery factories and shipyards built in China would have production artillery models stipulated by the Chinese side.
In September 1911, Schwab, general manager of Bethlehem Steel Company, visited China with the support of President Taft. On October 21, Secretary of the Navy Zai Xun signed a contract with Bethlehem Steel Company on behalf of the Qing government.
The "Bethlehem Contract" is actually a naval cooperation plan between the two countries under the guise of business.
With the collapse of the Qing government, the "Bethlehem Contract" was naturally not fulfilled.
In May 1913, after taking office, U.S. President Wilson immediately announced that he recognized the legitimacy of the Republic of China and stated that he would not change the China policy since the Republican era. With the active promotion of the United States, the Beijing government and naval authorities also publicly stated that the Berriham contract still existed
Effective. In December 1913, after visiting the Luoyuan Port and shipyard under construction, Johnson, the deputy manager of Berriham Company, proposed to Lin Shuo to build an army in Luoyuan Bay.
port, and proposed that the borrowed funds stipulated in the Bethlehem Contract in 1911 could be used to build gun factories and warships to defend the military port. Due to the interference of the Germans, Johnson, Lin Shuo, and the Chinese Government’s Navy Department drafted an agreement with the Navy Department
Based on the affiliated Xiamen Shipyard Bureau, the plan to build a large naval port in Xiamen Bay is scheduled to build a naval port, shipyard and naval gun factory there to serve as the future base of the Chinese Navy.
The disclosure of the contract aroused alarm in Japan, and the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued instructions to overseas agencies to try their best to prevent the establishment of the loan contract. However, the U.S. government ignored it on the pretext that it was a commercial contract.
On February 9, 1914, Johnson, a representative of the Berriham Steel Company, secretly concluded a new loan contract with the Chinese Navy. The main content of the contract was that Bethlehem Steel Company promised to build a new Xiamen military port, shipyard and coastal defense facilities for the Chinese Navy.
Provide loans for construction projects and undertake construction projects; the total borrowing amount is US$50 million, of which US$10 million will be paid in advance as naval military expenses, and the remaining US$40 million will be used for construction projects.
Used for building ports, shipyards and naval gun factories; annual interest rate is 5%, repayment period is 35 years (can be put aside for 10 years); handling fee is 8%; all facilities built are used as guarantee; only Americans can be employed
to build dock facilities, ship channels and coastal defense facilities, all using American materials and equipment. Later, Bethlehem Company signed a US$5 million loan contract with the Department of the Navy for the expansion of Jiangnan Shipyard to add new equipment to Jiangnan Shipyard.
equipment.
Most of the US$10 million paid in advance in the "Bethlehem Contract" was diverted by the Beiyang government as army funds, and only a small part (US$350,000) was used to send naval students to the United States.
The U.S.-aided Xiamen military port and naval shipyard are also under construction.