*** has always had a strong sense of hierarchy. The strong sense of hierarchy among *** people is not only shown between superiors and subordinates, but can also be found in other aspects of *** people. For young people who lack qualifications
People, Japanese people rarely entrust them with important tasks, because they not only question the experience and ability of young people, but also take into account the existence of hierarchical concepts.
The hierarchical order in Japan will never change. When walking, older people or people with higher status must be in front, and when sitting down, there is also a hierarchical arrangement, with those with higher positions, those with more property, and those with more property.
Elderly people are always placed in the upper seat or at the top of the table. When communicating with Japanese people, if you do not pay attention to the hierarchy, it will arouse the disgust of the Japanese people.
The appearance of the Japanese "subjugating the superior" by the Japanese originated from the "Huanggutun Incident". On June 3, 2008, the Japanese Kwantung Army tried to create chaos and occupy Northeast China. Senior staff officer Kawamoto Daisaku and others were in the suburbs of Shenyang.
Huanggutun blew up the special train of Zhang Zuolin, the leader of the Chinese clique warlord. Zhang Zuolin died on the spot. The then Japanese Prime Minister Tanaka Yoshihiro reported to Emperor Showa
The report said: "Unfortunately, the Emperor's people were involved in the murder of Zhang Zuolin. It is currently under investigation. The perpetrators must be severely punished in accordance with the law." The Emperor said: "Please strictly maintain military discipline in Japan."
However, when Tanaka was preparing to punish Daisaku Kawamoto, there was strong opposition within the military, claiming that "family scandals cannot be publicized" and that if Kawamoto was punished publicly,
, will seriously damage the image of the Imperial Army in the world. Under strong pressure from the military, Prime Minister Tanaka had no choice but to report to the Emperor: "After investigation, this matter has nothing to do with the Emperor." The Emperor was furious: "The Prime Minister's words
Why is it completely different from last time? You don't need to explain anymore, and I don't want to hear it anymore." Tanaka was scolded by the emperor and was so frightened that he broke into a cold sweat. Chapter 1
The next day, Tanaka announced his resignation in despair. After Tanaka resigned, the Army Headquarters only imposed internal sanctions on Daisaku Kawamoto by suspending him from duty. The reason was that Daisaku Kawamoto's motive was a "selfless patriotic act", so he was given a lighter punishment. This kind of "patriotism"
As a reason, the connivance of the illegal behavior of soldiers directly led to the proliferation of "subjugating the superior" behavior in the Japanese army.
The second time that the Communist Party of China had "the lower than the superior" appeared was the September 18th Incident. When the incident occurred, even the commander of the Kwantung Army Shigemoto Honjo and the Emperor of Japan did not know that it was entirely led by Seishiro Itagaki, Kenji Doihara and Ishihara.
Smiling three people
According to Ishihara Kanji's "Manchuria Lifeline" theory, he believed that "if you want to conquer the world, you must first conquer Manchuria." The initial date of the "Manchuria Incident" was September 28th.
Crops are harvested
Completed, it was easy to fight. However, by mid-September, the plan for the Wicker Lake Incident was exposed in Japan. Minister of War Minamijiro and others sent Major General Mitsu Takekawa, Chief of Staff Operations, to Northeast China to convey that the military headquarters did not agree to launch an attack in the near future.
Therefore, Itagaki Seishiro and Ishihara Kanji decided to advance the "Manchuria Incident" to September 18th. This day happened to be the day when Major General Takekawa Miji, the Chief of Staff Operations dispatched from the Japanese base camp, came to Northeast China.
.
Of course, the Kwantung Army is not monolithic. Some people once objected that Zhang Xueliang had 300,000 elite troops in the Northeast, and the Kwantung Army plus the Japanese railway garrison, local soldiers, police forces and Japanese ronin in the Northeast were nothing more than ronin.
How can 50,000 people fight against the Northeastern Army? Ishihara Wanji sneered at such remarks: "Zhang Xueliang knows very well
, we have a powerful *** behind us! And behind him is his strange bedfellow Chiang Kai-shek! The Northeastern Army has Zhang Xueliang, he is like a tiger with a sheep's heart. Can he not be afraid of wolves?" Ishihara Wanji and Itagaki Seishiro arranged
He made a careful plan: First, Captain Imada Shintaro led his men to blow up a section of the South Manchuria Railway near Liutiao Lake, falsely claiming that it was a Chinese attack.
The *** team destroyed the railway. Then the Second Brigade of the *** Garrison, the Fifth Battalion of the *** Garrison and the Pingtian Regiment launched an attack on the Northeast Army. 9. The three culprits of the December 18th Incident were all middle and low-level officers.
"The lower one overcomes the upper one." The gamble between Ishihara Kanji and Itagaki Seishiro was based on two points: first: if Shigemoto Honjo disagrees and does not send reinforcements, what if*
The Army Ministry of ** was firmly opposed, and without the support of superiors, the Liutiao Lake Incident would be aborted. Second: If Zhang Xueliang resolutely resists, and Chiang Kai-shek resolutely resists, with the well-equipped Northeastern Army of 300,000 people, the Japanese troops in the Northeast will be defeated.
Fifty thousand troops simply cannot compete with it. But Ishihara Wanji believed that the domestic Army Ministry would definitely support it, and Zhang Xueliang would definitely not resist.
After the September 18th Incident, the Japanese government held an emergency cabinet meeting. Minister of War Minamijiro emphasized that this was a self-defense action by the Kwantung Army, but Minister of Foreign Affairs Kijuro Shitahara suspected that this was a conspiracy by the Kwantung Army and tried to resolve the matter through diplomatic means.
Second incident. On September 24, the cabinet meeting decided on the policy of "not escalating the situation further".***
Representatives announced at the "League of Nations" on September 25 that the Japanese army would immediately begin to retreat. However, the Kwantung Army ignored the government's decision and continued to expand its front in the name of self-defense. Since the Kwantung Army only had a strength of more than 10,000 people,
Unable to capture the entire territory of Northeast China, the Kwantung Army requested reinforcements from the Japanese army stationed in North Korea. After consultation with the Minister of War, the Prime Minister rejected the Kwantung Army.
At his request, he ordered the commander of the army stationed in Korea, Hayashi Senichiro, to be on standby. However, Hayashi Senichiro actually sent more than 30,000 troops on his own to reinforce the Kwantung Army. At that time, both the Japanese Army Minister and the Chief of General Staff supported the immediate withdrawal of troops, but
However, the officers of the Kwantung Army ignored the instructions from above and once again resorted to the tactics of "lower to overcome superior". Instead, on October 18th, they attacked the garrison.
The Northeastern Army in Jinzhou launched a fierce attack. The Consul General of the Communist Party of China in Shenyang at the time negotiated with the senior officials of the Kwantung Army and tried to explain the government's policy of peaceful settlement. However, the officer of the Kwantung Army actually pulled out his saber and threatened: "Do you want to
You want to interfere in our affairs?" The Northeast Army led by Zhang Xueliang did not resist, and soon all retreated into Shanhaiguan, and the entire Northeast fell.
It is worth pointing out that although Japan had a considerable degree of rhetoric at that time, the social sentiment of Japan was basically on the side of fanatical soldiers. Ichiro Hayashi sent North Korean troops into China against orders and actually won the news.
He was praised by the world as a true patriot, which made it impossible for the increasingly weak Japanese central government to hold Hayashi Senichiro accountable. Since the war did not receive recognition and support from the Prime Minister, the radical forces in the military were greatly weakened.
angry, he
They formulated a plan to attack the Prime Minister's official residence, assassinate the Prime Minister, and establish a military dictatorship. However, this plan was ultimately foiled due to internal strife. On December 11, 2011, Takeshi Inukai, who was over seventy years old, became Prime Minister.
Inukai Yi is an old friend of Premier Sun. He has good personal relationships with many top figures in the National Government. Inukai Yi planned to solve the crisis in the three northeastern provinces at that time through peaceful means. On December 20, Inukai Yi
Before secretly sending an envoy
He went to Nanjing to hold talks with high-level officials of the Chinese government, but the secret peace talks were exposed, angering the radicals within the military. On March 1, 1932, under the planning of the Kwantung Army, "Manchukuo" was proclaimed. Prime Minister Inukai
However, they did not recognize "Manchukuo", which further angered the radical soldiers. On May 15, 1932, a group of fanatical soldiers broke into the Prime Minister's residence with open fire and killed Prime Minister Inukai Takeshi. After Prime Minister Inukai was killed,*
**The government in 1932
On March 15, 1933, Japan officially recognized "Manchukuo". On March 27, 1933, Japan announced its withdrawal from the "League of Nations." What is thought-provoking is that the social leaders of Japan at that time even sympathized with the killing of dogs.
The murderer who raised the Prime Minister believed that fanatical soldiers were motivated by "noble patriotism and dedication" and that "patriotism is not guilty." He also launched a nationwide signature campaign to exonerate the murderer and reduce his sentence. Some girls even wrote letters saying that they wanted to marry
Those murderers.
The most representative example of the Japanese army's "downcoming of superiors" was the "February 26 Mutiny" launched by young men. In the mutiny, a large number of moderate Japanese officials, including two prime ministers, were killed, including Tojo Hideki.
The "ruling faction" soldiers led by him took the opportunity to take control of the political power.
This time in North China, the Japanese army still adopted the "lower to defeat the upper" approach. They calmly faced the order from their domestic base camp to "suspend the war and wait for assistance" and took the initiative to provoke the war. At six o'clock in the evening on July 8, the Japanese army
The brigade once again launched a fierce attack on Wanping City, mobilizing artillery to violently bombard the city wall, and nine light tanks attacked the Chinese defenders' positions outside the city.
The walls of Wanping City were riddled with holes, and the city was blown into ruins. The west line of the city was quickly broken through by the Japanese army. They used intensive firepower to cover the engineers and rushed to the city wall. They installed powerful explosives for blasting. After several attacks and defenses, they finally succeeded in detonating the ancient city wall.
Two exits
.The soldiers of the 29th Army were so jealous that they fought back tenaciously without sacrificing themselves. They used rifles, grenades, explosive packs and other weapons to fight back violently. After three hours of bloody fighting, the Japanese army paid a heavy price, with hundreds of casualties.
Still unable to take a step beyond the thunder pool.
At this moment, the 110th Brigade led by He Jifeng, the commander of the 29th Army, was ordered to come with reinforcements. Under the threat from two sides of the Chinese army, which was several times larger than its own, the Japanese army had no choice but to stop the siege, retreat quickly, and look for opportunities to attack.
Reinforcements carried out cold gunfire at Ling Xing.
The sound of gunfire on the front line of Wanping was incessant, but Peiping and Tianjin were engaged in arduous negotiations. Qin Dechun, the deputy commander of the 29th Army entrusted by Song Zheyuan, negotiated with Matsui Taitaro, the head of the Japanese military secret service, in Peiping. Zhang Zizhong, who was in Tianjin, was ordered to
Tianjin negotiated with Hashimoto, Chief of Staff of the Chinese Garrison Army. The talks lasted all night. By three o'clock in the morning on the 9th, both parties
The two sides finally reached an agreement: first, both sides stopped shooting immediately; second, the Japanese troops withdrew to Fengtai, and the Chinese *** troops withdrew to the west bank of the Yongding River; third, the defense of Wanping City was taken over by the Chinese security team, numbering 200 to 300 people.
It is scheduled to start withdrawing troops from each other at 9 am; fourth, the Central Army, especially the 17th Army, is strictly prohibited from moving northward, otherwise it will be regarded as a declaration of war against Japan.
This humiliating agreement caused the officers and soldiers of the 29th Army to lose their fighter opportunities even though they had all the advantages. Not only did they not get the Japanese army to keep their promises, but because they took the initiative to withdraw, the Japanese army seized the opportunity and calmly arranged the battlefield.
While the insidious Japanese army was negotiating, the Japanese brigade commander Kawabe Shozo quietly issued an order again: "The brigade will gather its troops near Marco Polo Bridge Station and prepare to launch an attack at dawn tomorrow!"
At six o'clock in the morning on July 9, despite receiving the notice of the armistice agreement between China and Japan, Hebian still ordered his troops to bombard Wanping City again. At nine o'clock in the morning, Song Zheyuan's North China Security Regiment 5, which was ordered to defend Wanping, retreated.
When we arrived at Dajing Village near Marco Polo Bridge, we were suddenly attacked by the Japanese army. The unprepared security team killed and injured more than 300 people. The entire team fled in panic under the fierce Japanese artillery fire.
The generals of the 29th Army who had just completed the negotiations were extremely angry after receiving the news. Song Zheyuan, whose interests had been repeatedly threatened, once again showed a helpless compromise attitude. The attacked troops carried away the bodies of their brothers in tears and left with the wounded on their backs with hatred. Urgent
Negotiations began again. The negotiating general authorized by Song Zheyuan argued with the Japanese side and angrily accused them of trying to set up obstacles to prevent the security team from taking over the defense.
At this time, the two main divisions of Hu Jialin's 17th Army had occupied the advantageous terrain from Zhuozhou to Bazhou and built fortifications. A brigade of more than 6,000 soldiers from Xu Liang's army stationed in Langfang was behind the two main divisions of the Anjia Army and their superior artillery and machine guns.
Under the threat, they quickly opened the city gates, disarmed and retreated south. The Japanese saw the huge disparity in the strength of the two sides.
, the reinforcements from the two divisions that were coming at high speed had to jump off the train and quickly go south to Tangshan because the railway bridge was blown up. They had to wait at least twenty-four hours before entering the battlefield. The cunning Japanese army had to agree to the armistice request of Song Zheyuan's department.
, allowing local security forces to enter Wanping City, and all other Chinese city-defending troops were evacuated.
Immediately afterwards, the Japanese army not only broke the contract but did not withdraw any troops, but instead transferred the tank brigade of the First Regiment to the sand hillock near the Marco Polo Bridge to take over the defense. The Marco Polo Bridge, which Song Zheyuan thought he had recovered, was still under the threat of the Japanese army, and the two sides clashed and attacked.
It still happened continuously. In less than twelve hours, the Japanese troops sneaking to the northeast corner of Wanping fired guns and artillery again and attacked fiercely.
City, a large number of Japanese troops who were the first to arrive on the battlefield were mobilized to Fengtai from Tianjin, Tongzhou, Gubeikou, Yuguan and other places. Aircraft, artillery, armored vehicles, and tanks all entered the position. The commander of the riverside brigade brazenly set his headquarters in Fengtai.
, commanded the Japanese troops to surround Wanping and launched another brazen attack. The fighting in Wanping City and surrounding areas became increasingly fierce.
Wherever the Japanese troops went, they committed murder, arson, and looting, committing all kinds of crimes and committing heinous crimes against the Chinese people. On the north side of the Marco Polo Bridge, there was a ditch that was more than 30 meters long, more than eight meters wide, and about one meter deep.
The road was filled with seven to eight hundred Chinese corpses.
Hearing the increasingly fierce gunfire from the north, the *** Regiment of the *** Division could no longer sit still. They took a special train and rushed out of the blockage of the security forces of the 29th Army and headed north at high speed. However, they were once again captured by the 29th Army in Fangshan.
The army and brigades blocked them one by one and were unable to advance.
Song Zheyuan, who was negotiating with the Japanese army, called Chiang Kai-shek and Hu Jialin at the same time, angrily criticizing the Seventeenth Army for sabotaging the peace talks. After receiving the secret message from An Yi, Hu Jialin suppressed his anger and ordered the entire army to temporarily stop advancing.
Chiang Kai-shek clearly pointed out to Song Zheyuan that the peace talks were a trick of the Japanese army, but Song Zheyuan remained unmoved. For the 29th Army entrenched in Pingjin and Chahar, the Central Army was a greater threat than the Japanese, so
The attitude was extremely resolute, that is, the 17th Army was not allowed to go north, otherwise the responsibility for launching a civil war would be borne by the central government.
Chiang Kai-shek was so angry that he was unable to do anything to Song Zheyuan and others. At this critical juncture, the position of the 29th Army with 150,000 troops was too critical. Once it fell to the enemy, the consequences would be disastrous. The only option at the moment was
The telegram ordered all armies to make all preparations for counterattack, and advised Song Zheyuan to rush to build defense lines and fortifications at starry night, and be ready for an all-out war with the Japanese, otherwise it would be too late to regret it.
Little did Chiang Kai-shek know that the bottom line had been reached, and An Yi, who couldn't bear it anymore, had already pulled Bai Chongxi, the chief of general staff, into the secret room and revealed his overall plan to fight back bravely.