The twenty-sixth year of the Republic of China, October 28, 1937.
Morning, nine o'clock, Yang Hang, Shanghai.
Accompanied by Second Artillery Commander Shi Junren, Deputy Commander Li Tianen, and Chief of Staff Su Tieming, An Yi visited the fortress group that has been initially completed.
The Yangtze River Defense Fortress is not a single bunker-style fortress, but is based on the vast Yangtze River. It controls the Yangtze River Estuary and the Chongming Island Water Diversion Channel in the west, and the two main waterways in the north and south of Changxing Island in the east. In this area that stretches for more than ten kilometers,
, with Yanghang, Luodian and Yuepu as the base points, six permanent fortress groups are configured. Each fortress has a name named after an ancient Chinese beauty order.
Yangxing is composed of two huge fortress groups, "Xishi" and "Feiyan", Yuepu is equipped with two fortress groups, "Diaochan" and "Banzhao", and Luodian also has two fortress groups, namely "Diaochan" and "Banzhao".
"Zhaojun" and "Wenjun".
The "Xi Shi" fortress group that An Yi is visiting at the moment is equipped with a 300mm fortress cannon newly produced by the Syrian Arsenal. The outer diameter of the barrel is 500mm, the total length of the gun body reaches 21 meters, and the maximum range is 25 kilometers. After adding a rocket device, it can
Increase range to 35 kilometers, one shell
If it goes on, even a battleship with thick armor can't bear it, let alone an ordinary cruiser and destroyer. The only disadvantage is that it is too heavy, weighing up to 110 tons, making transportation and installation a big trouble. Therefore, such a machine was produced.
After experimenting with a number of techniques, the company stopped casting.
The rest of the fortress guns use 203mm caliber cannons. The maximum range of this model of cannon is already as high as 30 kilometers. After adding a rocket device, the range reaches 40 kilometers. It is estimated to be the longest range cannon in the world. The projectiles are heavy.
100 kilograms, a total length of 12.8 meters, and a total weight of 35 tons, which is enough to make any warship feel a tremor from the heart when faced with the blow of this huge cannon.
At present, all the fortress groups have begun to install this new type of cannon. However, due to limited production capacity, only 88 cannons are in place. The 150mm cannon of the Second Artillery Corps will still have to play the role of the river defense force for a while. Currently, the 150mm cannons responsible for guarding the fortresses are
The newly formed artillery force has been loaded in the Syrian government and will move east soon. This newly formed Jiang Defense force is designated as the First Coastal Defense Corps of the Jiang Defense Command, with Zhi Guang serving as its commander for the time being.
All giant artillery positions and turrets are semi-underground reinforced concrete structures, with the muzzle facing the main channel of the Yangtze River. The external defense layer is shaped like a battleship turret, and is entirely wrapped by a 200-300 mm thick armor plate. There are three layers of permanent fortifications under the turret.
, each layer is permanently
The long concrete structure is 3000~4000 mm thick. Any enemy who wants to approach the fortress will be bombarded by huge artillery. Being hit by a 203mm caliber artillery shell is no joke. The attacking enemy must have super strength.
Extraordinarily strong nerves.
In addition to these six fortresses, a "Yuanyuan" fortress group armed to the teeth was also built as an observation post 200 meters inside the original Wusong West Fort in Baoshan City.
All fortresses are surrounded by permanent concrete armor plates and connected by semi-underground passages and small railways. Hundreds of bunkers and firepower points are set up in some areas on the land. All fortress turrets are sunken and installed.
It has an absolute advantage in shooting range. In theory, it is difficult for ships on the river to deal with it.
Ground attacks were carried out in these defensive areas. Moreover, during the design, the basic ammunition of the fortress was stored in an underground chamber made of thick stainless steel plates with good water-proof properties. Even if the fortress was destroyed and burned, each semi-automatic
The underground secret room can also ensure the safety of cannonballs, which is foolproof.
After continuous mechanized construction by engineers and soldiers, the Yangtze River fortress group has basically taken shape. The next step is to wait for the concrete to cool and dry, and to add some auxiliary facilities, such as laying rails around the fortress group. An Yi’s opinion is that in the future, armored trains will be used
It has a train gun with a longer range and uses its high mobility to assist the defense of the fortress group.
In this way, the entire Yangtze River defense constitutes a huge copper wall. No matter which direction you want to break through the fortress defense, it is almost an impossible task.
Of course, no matter how strong a fortress is, it may be breached if it just defends blindly. There is no fortress in the world that will never fall. The only thing An Yi can do at the moment is to make the fortress defense more reasonable. A fortress that is firmly defended will naturally fall.
After being breached, An Yi's consideration was to equip the fortress with a certain amount of powerful counter-assault force - to equip the fortress with enough armored assault groups.
An Yi plans to equip the Yangtze River defense with a large number of armored clusters of new tanks and anti-aircraft artillery vehicles in the next year. With the dense road network as a link, such a strategic assault force will be able to attack the Yangtze River Delta where the space for land deployment is limited.
In other words, it will be an iron fist that can influence the situation of the battle.
After inspecting the Yanghang fortress group, An Yi, accompanied by the general of the Second Artillery Corps, arrived at the "Yuanyuan" fortress group in Baoshan to observe the construction of the fortress and the situation on the Yangtze River.
"Yuanyuan" No. 1 Fortress has two 203mm-caliber twin turrets, "lying" on the huge reinforced concrete platform, like a majestic land battleship.
This land battleship has a large elevation angle shooting capability that is difficult for surface battleships to possess, and all target references within the range are in the detailed shooting list - once it is determined that the enemy's battleship has evil intentions, the shells can be hit firmly
At the same time, the six fortress groups at the rear will put all the enemy's fleets under the coverage of artillery fire based on the accurate numbers that have divided the entire river surface.
After inspecting the fortress group, An Yi was very satisfied.
With the completion of the three major fortress groups of "Chang'e", "Xiangfei" and "Zhengdan" in Hangzhou Bay and the seven major fortress groups in the Yangtze River, the defense of the entire Yangtze River Delta region has basically been considered impregnable. The next step is to regain the already dead silence.
The Japanese Concession and Pudong were destroyed, and the enemy forces entrenched in the Songhu boundary were eliminated.
An Yi planned to build three more horn-shaped fortress groups in Pudong, and then leave the land defense to other troops, while he would lead the Anjia Army and march northward to regain his homeland.
Over the past few years, there has been a lot of bad news in North China.
On the 28th of last month, just an hour after the government of a certain country announced its withdrawal from the League of Nations, the enemy army assembled one million troops. Under the command of the front army commander General Ishihara Kanji, they attacked the north and south lines of the Ping-Han Railway and the south line of Jinpu Road.
line and launch a surprise attack at the same time.
The First Army of the Front was responsible for the combat mission on the northern line of the Ping-Han Railway. Commander Lieutenant General Seishiro Itagaki led four divisions and four mixed brigades to coordinate operations.
Banyuan first used two brigades of the 26th Division to attack the north and south Shahe defense lines to attract the attention of Tang Enbo's 20th Corps. Then he suddenly mobilized Banyuan's division, which was hidden in Shunyi and Huairou, to cross Niulan Mountain and Tianshou.
Mountain, and raided Changping County. The Changping defenders were caught off guard, and the city was quickly captured by the Fifth Division. Wang Jinzai's New 35th Division, which was guarding the front line of Shahe, was cut off and had to retreat to the front line of Yuquan Mountain and Miaobi Mountain in the west of Beijing.
.
Seeing this, Itagaki did not hesitate, and quickly transported the 102nd Division and 103rd Division, which were ready to go, to the south entrance by train, and stormed the Nankou Station and Longhu Terrace held by the 89th Division of the Chinese garrison at the south entrance.
On the high ground, our defenders suffered heavy casualties, but they still resisted tenaciously. Unfortunately, the disparity in strength between the enemy and ours was too great. By three o'clock in the afternoon, the Nankou fell.
Itagaki still had no intention of stopping the use of troops. After a short rest, the 26th Division attacked Juyongguan along the Guangou. The Chinese defenders took advantage of the favorable terrain of the Badaling Mountains to block the enemy's attack. The enemy's edge was thwarted, and on the west side of Nankou Town
A mixed brigade of enemy troops assisting the Great Wall line also stopped in front of the position under the stubborn resistance of the defenders.
Itagaki was furious and immediately assigned the 5th Division. First, the 42nd Infantry Regiment was deployed on the left side of the main attack point to strengthen the attack power of the Chinese defenders on the Great Wall. Prior to this, Tang Enbo had ordered the first part of the 4th Division to attack the Great Wall.
Wire
Hengling City occupied the position. Seeing the fierce enemy offensive, he ordered the 564th Regiment of the 94th Division and the 122nd Regiment of the 21st Division, which were rushing to reinforce the front line, to form the Wu Shaozhou Detachment and occupy the position along the Great Wall near Shixia.
Before nightfall, the enemy's 42nd Infantry Regiment captured Highland 1390, the highest peak on the Great Wall Line. Subsequently, the main force of the enemy's Fifth Division deployed from Highland 1390 on the Great Wall Line to Zhenbian City, launching an attack on the defenders.
, and took the vicinity of 1050 Highland as the main direction of attack, and used flanking tactics to break through the Great Wall line and seize Huailai, so as to cut off the retreat route of the Chinese army at Juyong Pass.
Under this circumstance, Tang Enbo ordered the 12th Brigade of the 4th Division to join the battle in the area near Hengling City.
After receiving the distress telegram from Nankou, the commander of the Second Theater Command Yan Xishan immediately ordered Liu Ruming's 68th Army to urgently reinforce Nankou. However, Liu Ruming was unmoved and still entrenched in Zhangjiakou. Fu Zuoyi summoned his staff to study and believed that the enemy Chahar
soldiers
The threat from the regiment was huge. It was already very difficult for him to hold Chabei as a group army, let alone reinforce the south entrance. However, Yan Xishan sent Commander Wang Jingguo to issue a death order. Fu Zuoyi had no choice but to obey the order and would send troops to support the south entrance front line.
The enemy's four divisions and four mixed brigades fought in turns, putting the defense line of Tang Enbo's 20th Army in a precarious situation, and the entire line was at war. On the 29th, Fu Zuoyi led the 72nd Division, the 100th Brigade, and the 211th Brigade.
and the 7th Independent Brigade were reinforced from Chaigoubao to fight in the Nankou area.
On September 30, Itagaki continued to command four enemy divisions to storm Hengling City and Juyong Pass. The two armies fought fiercely at these two points. At ten o'clock in the morning, enemy tanks rushed into Juyong Pass. Although Tang Enbo's troops
Although he suffered heavy casualties, he still occupied the favorable terrain of the mountains and fought against the enemy.
But at noon, the enemy troops occupying Shuitou Village attacked eighteen homes in the south of Huailai City. The first section of the 7th Independent Brigade, which was defending there, retreated to Huailai. The enemy troops immediately attacked Huailai with the support of aircraft and artillery. In this way, the Great Wall
The defenders at various points on the line are already in a situation of being flanked by enemy forces from both front and rear.
Tang Enbo ordered the army to break out of the encirclement that afternoon, and the enemy immediately launched a pursuit. The first part of the 5th Division occupied Huaihuai that night, and the first part of the 26th Division occupied Yanqing in the early morning of the next day.
When Itagaki launched the south entrance offensive and Fu Zuoyi's troops went south for reinforcements, Chahar dispatched the corps commander Tojo Hideki immediately launched the Chabei offensive. On the night of the 28th, he launched an attack on Zhangjiakou and quickly broke through the defenses of Liu Ruming's 68th Army.
After that, the enemy troops continued to attack in the direction of Wanquan, repulsed the defenders' 143rd Division, and advanced to the southwest highlands of Zhangjiakou on October 1st, occupying the Kongjiazhuang Station and cutting off Pingsui again.
road.
At this time, Fu Zuoyi led the two brigades that reinforced Nankou back to Zhangjiakou and immediately organized a counterattack against the enemy troops occupying the highlands. Although the attack caused considerable damage to the enemy troops, the counterattack failed to be effective. Liu Ruming's troops in Xiangtian Town, Wei
The county retreated. Fu Zuoyi's troops retreated to Chaigou Fort.
On October 2, Zhangjiakou fell.
Subsequently, the Chahar Corps ordered to pursue Xiayuanyuan and join up with the westward-moving Banyuan First Army. The Pingsui Railway east of Zhangjiakou and the area to the north were completely controlled by the enemy.
With almost no stop, Seishiro Itagaki and Hideki Tojo agreed to use the Chahar Corps to attack Suiyuan, and the First Army would go south to attack the western region of Hebei.
Subsequently, Itagaki used the 5th, 26th, and 102nd Divisions as the main offensive force, and the 103rd Division as the strategic reserve force, respectively starting from the vicinity of Xuanhua, Xinbao, and Huailai toward Huashaoying (today's
Hua Shaoying), Xiheying's front line attack.
The 26th Division of the left column was blocked by river water and mud near Mulberry Garden on its way forward, and had to merge with the central column to advance. The 5th Division of the Central Column and the 102nd Division of the Right Column arrived at Huasheng three days later.
Ying and Xiying are on the same line.
Afterwards, Itagaki immediately ordered the central column to attack the Chinese garrison positions near Guangling. The 102nd Division of the right column carried out a detour from near Yangyuan to the west of Guangling. At this time, the 68th Army Headquarters, which was in charge of defense in Yu County, had not yet
Contact with attacking enemy forces means retreating without permission
Tang Enbo immediately ordered the Gao Guizi Division of the 17th Army to send a regiment from Guangling to Yu County to fill in the defense. When the regiment arrived seven or eight miles away from Yu County, the enemy's 5th Cavalry Regiment had entered Yu County. On the same day, the enemy
The army occupied Yijiabao and Tonggou north of Laiyuan.
After parting ways with the First Army, the Chahar Dispatch Corps of the Kwantung Army of a certain country immediately attacked Tianzhen. Yan Xishan judged that the main force of the three divisions of the Kwantung Army of a certain country would be divided into three groups to attack from Xinghe, Tianzhen, and Dongjingji.
Datong, he decided to lure the enemy into the Julebao "Defense Position" area east of Datong, and assemble powerful troops in Hunyuan on the south flank.
Between Jingji and Fengzhen in Suidong on the northern flank, and between Xinghe, a north-south pincer attack was launched, and the cavalry group advanced towards Zhangjiakou to implement the "Battle of Datong", so the 61st Army was ordered to attack Xiwanbao, Tianzhen, and Yanggao
area to prevent the enemy from advancing. After receiving the task of holding on to Tianzhen and Yanggao, the commander of the 61st Army, Li Fuying, immediately deployed defenses there.
On October 8, the enemy's First Division assembled in Yongjia Fort launched an attack on the 61st Army's security position in Zhuanyao Village. By noon, the First Division, supported by more than thirty aircraft and artillery, attacked again.
Launch an attack on Lijiashan and Luojiashan in the east of Tianzhen City
By the afternoon, a confrontation was forming. The next day, the Kwantung Army of a certain country launched a full-scale attack on the Tianzhen defenders and captured Panshan Mountain in the southeast of the city. After several hours of fierce fighting, except for the defenders in Tianzhen who stood firm on the city wall to block the enemy, the rest of the defenders
Overrun by the enemy, they retreated backwards.
At 7 o'clock in the morning on October 12, six Japanese planes bombed Yanggao. At the same time, the enemy troops divided into south and north routes to pursue Zhenhong Fort and Jule Fort. On this day, the enemy troops occupied Zhenhong except for one mixed brigade.
Outside the fort, the rest of the main force attacked Jule Fort. The defending troops suffered serious casualties and the city was captured by the enemy. Li Fuying, commander of the 61st Army, immediately led his troops to retreat to Guayuan Village south of Jule Fort to rest and recuperate.
The defenders defending Tianzhen City held firm for several days and repelled six enemy attacks. Finally, with the help of enemy aircraft and artillery, and at the same time the city was short of food and ammunition, they broke through and Tianzhen City was finally occupied by the enemy.
On October 16, Yan Xishan ordered to leave one brigade to fight in the field near Datong City. Two brigades occupied the mountains west of Datong to block the enemy's westward advance. The troops moved to the mountains south of Datong and on the south bank of the Sangqian River. A certain country's Kwantung Army
The Chahar Corps headquarters entered Datong, an important town in northern Shanxi without fighting.
After the enemy occupied Datong, the Kwantung Army's operations came to an end, and then deployed to capture the areas near Datong. Fengzhen, Jining, Shangxizhuang and other places fell successively. On the 19th, the Kwantung Army was handed over to the First Army for defense.
The mixed brigade was stationed, and the remaining troops attacked Suiyuan.
The Kwantung Army that occupied the southern trench occupied Xinghe, and then attacked Liangcheng. On the 26th, the Kwantung Army, in coordination with the Kwantung Army attacking from Youyu, captured Liangcheng. At this point, Chanan, Suidong
and the northern Shanxi region around Datong all fell to the enemy.
Look again at the battlefields of the Ping-Han Railway and Jinpu Road South Line.
Since there are seven armies of the Chinese army deployed on this line, a total of 68 divisions and 32 independent brigades, plus logistics and heavy equipment, the total number is 1.08 million.
Among them are the two most elite units of the Central Military Commission in China - Wei Lihuang's 14th Group Army (under the jurisdiction of Hao Mengling's 9th Army and Li Mo'an's 14th Army) and Xue Yue's 19th Group Army (under the jurisdiction of Xue Yue's concurrent army
The long Fifth Army, the 52nd Army of Guan Linzheng), and the Guangxi Clan
The 21st Group Army including Liao Lei's 7th Army of the First Ace Steel Army, the 20th Group Army led by Shang Zhen, a well-known general in the Shanxi-Sui Army, and the 29th Army of Song Zheyuan, who has dominated North China for many years and has outstanding combat capabilities.
Group Army, Sun Lianzhong's First Army Group under Liu Zhi's Second Group Army, who was best at fighting tough battles, etc.
In view of this, Ishihara Wanji also assembled heavy troops and dispatched 14 divisions, 16 mixed brigades, and 10 puppet Mongolian divisions to the southern front. A total of more than 800,000 troops were assembled to move towards Ping An with overwhelming force.
The southern line of the Han Railway is rolling over.
A total of five independent fighter squadrons of the Central Air Force, the 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 9th, stationed at Qingyuan Airport in Baoding, cover the independent 11th, 12th, and 13th bomber squadrons in an effort to suppress the enemy.
However, at this time, the enemy's terrifying four-engine bomber cluster appeared again. Nearly a hundred YB17 Flying Fortress bombers, under the cover of 28 Falcon fighter jets and 42 American Curtiss XP40 fighter jets, both sides
A fierce battle broke out in Baoding airspace.
The Central Air Force did not know the power of the enemy's four-engine bombers, so it rushed into the enemy's bomber group, preparing to confuse the situation. Who would have thought that in the first exchange of fire, nearly half of the fighter planes would be destroyed, and then the enemy fighters would suppress them step by step?
Under this situation, they were unable to advance or retreat. Finally, when the enemy bombers came over Baoding, they suffered a complete defeat. Five
There were a total of 50 A25 and A26 fighter jets in this independent destroyer group. Thirty-eight of them were damaged. The bombers of various types in the remaining three independent bomber squadrons were completely wiped out. The transport aircraft and reconnaissance aircraft staying at the airport were all destroyed by the enemy.
Aerial bombs destroyed it, and at this point, the air superiority in North China completely fell into the hands of the enemy.
Under the enemy's overwhelming artillery fire and reckless attacks from bombers, coupled with the charge of tank groups, the Sichuan army, which had never seen such fierce artillery fire, was the first to collapse. Deng Xihou was stationed in Gaobeidian, Laishui, and Yixian areas.
The three divisions of the 22nd Army have not yet engaged the enemy.
With one-third of the casualties, the remaining officers and soldiers turned around and ran away. The rebel army broke through the defense line of Xue Yue's 19th Group Army. The enemy's armored troops took advantage of the situation to cover up the attack. The 19th Group Army's front line was disrupted. The Fifth Army and the 50th Army
Before the soldiers of the second army could react, they were dragged back by the rebel army all the way to Baoding.
Due to the fall of the western defense line, the flanks of the 20th Shangzhen Army, which was stationed in Rongcheng, Xin'an, and Xiong counties to the north of Baiyangdian, were exposed. As a last resort, it also evacuated to Baoding; Liao Lei's 2nd Army, which was stationed in Dacheng, Wen'an, and Xinzhen counties, was
The Eleventh Army encountered a strong enemy attack from the direction of Tianjin and resisted tenaciously. The enemy had a huge appetite.
They actually sent two divisions to cross the Ziya River in the northwest of Cangxian County, surrounded the 21st Army, and captured Renqiu in the southeast of Baiyangdian, cutting off the 21st Army's westward retreat. Helpless
Under this situation, Liao Lei led the Gui army to retreat south quickly, retreating to Xianxian County north of the planned Cangshi Road.
Taking advantage of the unstable foothold of the Baoding army, the enemy used trains to clear the way, loaded up heavy troops, and attempted to raid Baoding. However, they were discovered by the First Army of the Second Group Army, Sun Lianzhong, who was stationed in Xushui County, north of Baoding City. Sun Lianzhong's troops were on the Nanyishuihe Railway in advance.
A large number of explosives were buried on the bridge and were detonated when the enemy train reached the center of the railway bridge, causing more than a thousand casualties to the enemy.
When his plan failed, Ishihara Wanji tried another one, attacking Mancheng to the west of Baoding, defeating Zeng Wanzhong's third army of the second group army that was defending it, successfully occupying Mancheng, and threatening Baoding.
At this time, Baoding City was already facing the threat of Tianjin's enemy troops coming from the east, and it might fall under the enemy's attack at any time. In this case, Sun Lianzhong's First Army took the initiative to retreat, and then the enemy troops from the north forcibly crossed Nanyi.
Water river, forcing towards Baoding City.
Faced with the siege from three sides, the hundreds of thousands of troops in Baoding City had no fighting spirit and dispersed in a rush, retreating southward until they reached the line of Dasha River before stopping.
Sun Lianzhong's First Army rushed to repair fortifications and build the central position of the entire river defense line in Xinle County. Xue Yue led the 19th Army to defend Xingtang County on the western front. He had just witnessed the cruel enemy's 22nd Sichuan Army.
The group army was ordered to guard Sanchakou. In order to enhance the strength of the 22nd Group Army, the theater headquarters assigned three divisions of the Yang Sen Department of the Sixth Army, which also belonged to the Sichuan Army, to the 22nd Army.
At the same time, Wei Lihuang's 14th Group Army, which has been guarding Shijiazhuang, has built a solid fortification along the Hutuo River. Currently, the 14th Group Army, the 20th Group Army, the 2nd Group Army and the 13th
The Army Corps, the 38th Army and other units all gathered on this line of defense.
On October 8, Tianjin's enemy troops dispatched four divisions to penetrate the defense line of Song Zheyuan's 29th Group Army defending Cangxian County. Then they separated two divisions, turned around and headed west, and once again attacked the 29th Group Army stationed in Xianxian County.
The flank of the 21st Army.
Facing the pressure of three enemy divisions on the northern line, the Gui Army soldiers had no choice but to withdraw south again. Immediately, the enemy forces from five divisions gathered together and attacked Lincheng, an important town on the southern line of the Ping-Han Railway via Wuqiang and Ningjin.
.
The defense of Lincheng is empty. Once the enemy forces occupy Lincheng, the main force of Shijiazhuang will be surrounded by the enemy forces. They will have no choice but to withdraw westward from Shanxi. In this case, Chiang Kai-shek, who is commanding the operation remotely, has to send Wei Lihuang to the 14th
The group army, Shang Zhen's 20th Group Army, rushed southward and fought a decisive battle with five enemy divisions in Lincheng.
In this battle, the enemy once again dispatched a cluster of four-engine bombers, but the Fourteenth Group Army and the Twentieth Group Army also received the anti-aircraft firepower and huge artillery group of the Anjia Army in Baoding City. The two sides fought fiercely for four days and four nights, and the Fourteenth Group Army almost
Two-thirds of the battle was lost, and nearly half of the 20th Group Army was lost. Finally, after reinforcements from the enemy's two subsequent divisions arrived, they were unable to retreat.
By October 18, the enemy troops completely cut off the Ping-Han Railway. Subsequently, the enemy troops moved north along the Ping-Han Railway in an attempt to attack Shijiazhuang. Under such circumstances, in order to preserve their strength, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the troops stationed in Shijiazhuang to retreat along the Zhengtai Railway.
Go to Niangziguan and take advantage of the natural dangers of Taihang Mountain to confront the enemy.
During this period, the 29th Group Army of Song Zheyuan on the Jinpu Road took advantage of the enemy's westward movement of defenses and launched a flank attack from Nanpi to the enemy's flank. On the 14th, they completely wiped out a mixed brigade of the enemy and recaptured Cang
County, Tianjin enemy troops immediately mobilized three divisions to go south again and fought hard for several days. The exhausted 29th Group Army had to voluntarily abandon Cang County and retreat to De County for defense.
On October 21, the enemy troops moving south from Shijiazhuang defeated the Second Army of Xu Yuanquan under the Second Army in Handan, and blocked the cavalry army looking for fighters in the Daming area. Zheng Dazhang was captured and surrendered to the enemy, becoming the first soldier after the Anti-Japanese War.
A senior general of the national army who openly surrendered to the enemy.
On October 22, four enemy divisions landed in Qingdao, and then quickly followed the Jiaoji Railway towards Jinan, the capital of Shandong. The 29th Group Army, which was stationed in De County, feared that its retreat would be cut off, and decisively withdrew southward.
Before Han Fuju abandoned Jinan, he withdrew across the Yellow River and retreated to Tai'an, taking over the Tai'an city defense left by Han Fuju after he fled without a fight.
On October 25, the remnants of the Second Army, the Second Army, the Tenth Army, the Twelfth Army, and the Fifteenth Army on the north bank of the Yellow River safely retreated to the south bank of the Yellow River.
At this point, the entire Hebei Campaign is over, and both countries are taking stock of their gains and losses and accumulating strength for the next battle.
In this changed history, although the Chinese army still failed, almost all the troops were retained in organic form. As many as six armies retreated into Shanxi alone, laying a solid foundation for the final victory of the subsequent Anti-Japanese War.
Base.
At the same time, due to the unremitting efforts of Anyi Group, half of the 40 million people in the entire area north of the Yellow River, east of the Taihang Mountains, and north of the Hengshan Mountains have left the places where their ancestors have lived for generations through various means and traveled south to the southwest to save the lives of the Chinese nation.
A lot of human resources.
At the same time, the people who chose to stay, due to the sparse local population, the per capita cultivated area has greatly increased. Although they were oppressed by the enemy invaders, their lives have improved. Generally speaking, the political economy of Hebei has not suffered major losses.
Destruction, this is a great blessing among misfortunes.
Because Han Fuju did not receive the order from the central government, he successively abandoned Weixian (today's Weifang), Zhoucun, Jinan on the Jiaoji Railway, and also abandoned Tai'an, Dawenkou, Qufu and other places on the Jinpu Road. If it were not for Song Zheyuan's Ministry
If the gap is blocked in time, the enemy troops will march straight in. Even Xuzhou, known as the key to the North and the gateway to the South, may fall into the hands of someone from another country.
Chiang Kai-shek remained calm. When he convened a military and political meeting in Xuzhou on the 26th, he secretly arrested Han Fuju and then tried him. Han Fuju refused to plead guilty and was assassinated in the detention center on the night of the 27th.
In addition, because Liu Zhi performed extremely poorly in this war of unprecedented scale, he was frozen by Chiang Kai-shek. Not only was he deprived of his position as commander of the Second Army, but because Henan had become a war zone, Liu Zhi was also deprived of the appeasement of Henan and Anhui.
Duties of Director of the Office of the Commissioner.
Liu Zhi returned to his hometown of Ji'an, Jiangxi Province, waiting for Chiang Kai-shek to remember him again as a blessed general during the Northern Expedition and activate him again.
Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar.
Mongolia has been China's territory since ancient times. However, after the October Revolution, Russia basically implemented an ideological revolutionary diplomatic strategy. Under the banner of the Third International, the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and the government used propaganda and agitation to provide support and guidance.
method to instigate revolution in foreign countries. It sent troops to occupy Outer Mongolia and then planned its split from China, which was one of the few successful cases of exporting revolution. However, after the establishment of the Soviet revolutionary government, it faced the problem of establishing and maintaining normal relations with other countries.
, so contradictory dual policies will inevitably arise in diplomatic strategy.
The Soviet Russian party and government successfully resolved the contradiction between the two policies, that is, allowing the revolutionary diplomatic line of the Comintern and the Allied Communist Party (Bolsheviks) to directly serve national interests. What it did to China and Outer Mongolia is clear evidence of this.
Due to the above reasons, Soviet Russia's diplomacy with China was caught in contradictions from the beginning. On the one hand, it needed recognition from the Chinese government, to eliminate White Russians who had fled to China, and to ensure border security. But at the same time, the Third International and
The Soviet Union (Bolsheviks) also planned the split of Outer Mongolia from China. Due to special historical conditions, as of the end of October 1937, Soviet Russia not only retained its vested status and interests in Outer Mongolia, but also successfully deceived the Chinese government and opposition parties to a certain extent.
, concealing the true face of its own expansion.
Let us sort out the history and understand the true face of Soviet Russia.
In November 1917, shortly after the Russian Communist Party seized power, Lenin announced that "everything that the tsarist government plundered from the Chinese people alone, together with the people of a certain country and the Allied Powers, will be returned to the Chinese people." On July 25, 1919, Russia
Deputy People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Karakhan issued another Declaration on the Chinese People and the Governments of North and South China (also known as the First Declaration of Soviet Russia on China)
, once again reiterated that "the Soviet government has given up Manchuria and other areas that the tsarist government seized from China." On September 27, 1920, Karakhan once again issued a declaration on China (the second declaration on China) on behalf of the Russian Soviet federal government.
, reiterated that “all previous treaties signed by the Russian government with China are null and void, renounce all territories previously seized from China and Russian concessions in China, and return permanently and free of charge everything that the tsarist government and the Russian bourgeoisie have seized from China.
China."
If this statement is followed, then the Far East currently occupied by Soviet Russia, including Primorye, Eastern Siberia, Sakhalin and other areas east of Lake Baikal, should be returned to China unconditionally. However, with the recovery of the Soviet Far East land
, Soviet Russia soon began to misinterpret and directly deny the promise in the above-mentioned declaration to return land and Middle Eastern Railway rights to China. What is even more serious is that its occupation of Outer Mongolia is actually a direct denial of its "Declaration on China"
.
This can only show that Soviet Russia’s first declaration to China itself was insincere, and was mainly a means of external propaganda. In fact, Soviet leaders have always denied that their Far East region was plundered from China, let alone
Want to give it back.
Mr. Zhongshan wrote back: "I fully believe in the sincerity of your government. I accept Moscow's assurance that it has no intention to separate this region from the political system of the Republic of China. I agree that until a reorganized government appears in Beijing that can negotiate with your government, the Soviet Union
The troops should stay there. The immediate withdrawal of your troops will only cater to the imperialist interests of certain powers."
Seeing Mr. Sun Yat-sen's sincerity in cooperation, the Soviet Union was overjoyed, and soon the Soviet Communist Party (Bolsheviks) adopted the policy of "fully supporting the Kuomintang". Sun Yat-sen was also determined to implement the idea of alliance with Russia. January 26, 1923
On August 1, Sun Yat-sen issued a declaration. Article 4 stated: "The Russian government has absolutely no intention or purpose. Therefore, Dr. Sun believed that it was not necessary to withdraw immediately because it was necessary for China's actual interests. The Chinese government in Beijing was unable to prevent the White Russians from retreating due to the withdrawal of Russian troops.
The occurrence of conspiracy and resistance against Red Russia has led to a situation that is even more serious than it is now."
Unfortunately, until today, October 28, 1937, we still haven’t seen any performance from Soviet Russia.
But everything that happened today gave Mongolia new hope in returning to China.
Due to Moscow's infiltration, Qiubashan secretly assigned troops to lead the Moscow Red Army into the territory from Tangnu Ulianghai, marched eastward along the Kuwutai Station Road, and successively eliminated six patrolling Far Eastern Republic Red Army infantry battalions.
Subsequently, 100,000 Moscow Red Army quickly moved north along the Kucha route, surrounded the rear flank of Lake Baikal, and tried to maneuver the back path of the Red Army of the Far East Republic. However, at the front line of Merchant City, they felt that something was wrong and led the troops to enter in an attempt to strengthen Tannu Uliang.
The 80,000-strong Far East Red Army commanded by Marshal Yegorov who was defending the sea met head-on, and a fierce exchange of fire broke out.
Immediately, Stalin, who was harassed by the Far Eastern Republic government through propaganda methods such as radio and long-distance aircraft to drop leaflets and newspapers, and faced strange looks from others every day, finally issued the order for all-out war.
Amidst the overwhelming bombardment of artillery shells and aircraft, half a million Moscow Red Army troops rushed from the western front of Lake Baikal towards the defense lines of the Red Army of the Far Eastern Republic.
A war for Soviet orthodoxy finally broke out!
History is revealed at this moment, and the storm created by the fluttering wings of the butterfly is getting bigger and bigger!