On July 10, the second and last major migration in the short history of the Far Eastern Soviet Republic began.
The first migration was at the turn of the spring and summer of 1938. Due to the Japanese invasion, millions of people from the Far East were forced to migrate from the Far East Coast, Khabarovsk and other places to the West along the Siberian Railway.
In places such as Siberia and the Urals, a few families were assigned fields, and most families lived in mining and factory areas. Except for minors who could enjoy preferential treatment and enter schools at all levels, both men and women had to work.
The scale of this migration is even more spectacular than the first time, and of course there are more problems.
Lyushenkov returned to Sverdlovsk and immediately held a Politburo meeting. When he proposed to let the people decide their own future, the meeting room exploded.
Kofu loudly protested, saying that this was a shameful betrayal of the revolutionary cause. Any ideological wavering must be resolutely stopped, let alone organized by the Soviets and the army. People's Commissar for Political Affairs Rosengoltz, People's Commissar for Propaganda Chubal
, People's Commissar of Economic Affairs Khalepsky and others all supported Pytakov's opinion.
Lyushenkov sneered and said that at this critical moment of life and death, are you not allowing others to take responsibility for your own future? When the independence of the Far East was declared, the departed leaders such as Blyucher, Bukharin and Rykov once made promises to the people.
Although the beautiful promises have been fulfilled, nothing has been fulfilled, which makes him, as one of the former decision-makers, feel very ashamed. Liushenkov reminded: Without the support of these traitors, there would be no Soviet regime in the Far East.
existence, most of the people here may already be lying in the cemetery.
Pitakov's face turned red, he stood up and walked away. The other members of the Politburo either had their consciences discovered, or were under tremendous pressure from Lyushenkov.
Member Fang also stood firmly on Lyushenkov's side and unanimously approved the motion submitted by Lyushenkov.
Subsequently, the Far East Soviet government and army took urgent action, using radios, newspapers, leaflets, etc. to carry out non-stop propaganda, and vehicles carrying loudspeakers drove into villages, mines and factory areas, leaving the choice to the people.
The result surprised ***. Among the more than 20 million people in the Far East, 6.7 million chose to immigrate. Among them, the vast majority of people who migrated from the coastal areas to Siberia and the Urals chose to become South Chinese citizens.
At the beginning of independence, the Far East Soviet had a population of 11 million. With the rapid expansion of the army and the relocation of some factories and enterprises to Japan in early 1938, the population quickly shrank to more than 9 million. During the first major migration,
In addition to the more than three million old and weak people who were unable to retreat and stayed in the Far East, there were still five million Far Eastern people who retreated to Western Siberia and the Urals. Subsequently, with the consumption of the war, the prime-age men were almost exhausted, leaving a population of about four million, of which
Most are women and children.
This time, 3.7 million people from the Far East chose to join South China, and another 3 million people from Western Siberia and the Urals also chose to leave the place where they had lived for a long time, fearing that Stalin would settle accounts after the fall.
The residents of Western Siberia are mostly landowners, rich farmers and reactionaries opposed to collectivization policies in Europe after the October Revolution. After they moved here, they were restrained in collective farms and underwent labor reform, and were unable to even obtain basic survival.
Guarantee, although the Soviet regime in the Far East later implemented the policy of allocating farmland to each household, providing food and clothing, and gaining a certain degree of recognition of the current regime, no one would want to return to the precarious living conditions before.
As former class enemies, these people were very worried about their future and destiny. Now that they had the opportunity to leave, they all chose to escape from this dangerous place.
Generally speaking, immigration on such a scale is destined to be chaotic and may even lead to a surge in security and crime incidents. However, because the army came to maintain the situation and there were also troops on the other side of the border to support the situation, everything went smoothly at first.
It's summer, so you don't have to worry about the severe cold in Siberia. The continuous migration of people stretches from areas near the border to the distant Urals. If you look at the ground from the satellite, you will find that there is a flow of people from west to east and from north to south.
A surging majestic scene.
On July 12, two days after the great migration, Sverdlovsk Airport.
With a heavy heart, Liu Shenkov sent his wife and daughter to the aircraft ramp, watched the passenger plane slowly take off from the runway, and slowly disappeared into the southern sky. He looked at each other with Hu Lin, Vasily and several generals who also came to see off their relatives.
, got into the same jeep returning to the city.
The convoy started, with four military trucks at the front and rear, protecting the four jeeps in the middle, and drove towards the city. General Hu Lin, chief of staff of the Far East Army, said with a wry smile:
"Moscow has not declared us innocent yet... Now that we have sent our wives and children away, we will probably be labeled as pessimists and escapists again!"
After Yegorov resigned, General Vasily, who returned to Sverdlovsk from Saratov on the southern front, temporarily assumed the post of Military People's Commissar and Commander-in-Chief of the Army, Navy and Air Force, while Hulin became the Chief of General Staff of the entire army.
, the two of them firmly controlled the military power together.
Vasily looked tired, shook his head and said: "What if we don't do this? We all know that this time will definitely be bad, do we want our family to die with us?
"However, Yegorov was able to live up to his expectations. Under the critical situation, three days ago, he just brought out more than 110,000 Western Front troops who were surrounded by the German army. The German army attempted to annihilate the Minsk area army.
Suffering a serious setback, it has beneficially supported the defense of the Smolensk front in the rear. It is said that it may not be able to launch a moderate counterattack to support and coordinate other battlefields! This is the first time that the German army has failed to realize its strategic intentions since launching the war the year before last.
, I hope that Yegorov’s victory can change Stalin’s impression of us to a certain extent and prevent us from dying in vain!”
"It's difficult!"
Lyushenkov sighed: "We must be treated as expendable goods, otherwise how can the 'great Comrade Stalin' consolidate his leadership and core position? Poor Pytakov and others thought that in a critical moment
If they lend a helping hand, Stalin will be grateful and they will turn the corner, but they don't understand that their existence itself is a huge threat to the prestige of 'comrade Stalin who is always correct'!
"That's it, that's it, it's done. Don't think about it anymore. I've sent away my wife and children, and I feel a lot more relaxed. The only thing we can do now is to send the innocent people away and shoulder the responsibilities we should bear! In the end, we are still
As soldiers, playing politics is not what we are good at..."
During the conversation, the motorcade had already entered the streets of the city. At this time, the city of Sverdlovsk was already in chaos. The roads were full of hurried people. The cars were blocked by the crowds and drove slowly.
"Da da da——"
At this moment, a burst of fierce gunfire suddenly came from the direction of the train station.
Lyushenkov was worried and quickly ordered the driver to park the car on the side of the street, jumped out of the car, and said to the surprised Vasily and Hu Lin: "You go back and take care of the army first, I will take people to the train station to take a look.
It’s such a mess now, don’t make any mistakes!”
Vasily wanted to get out of the car: "I am the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, so I'd better go..."
Lyushenkov stopped him, waved his hand and said: "Stop arguing with me. At this time, you two are more important than me! Don't worry, I will take the guards with me!"
After speaking, Liu Shenkov turned to the adjutant standing beside him, and quickly jumped out of the military truck at the back. Fifteen soldiers followed Liu Shenkov and walked towards the train station.
"beep--"
The locomotive whistle blew, and a train with more than ten additional carriages slowly left the station.
However, there were too many people who wanted to get on the train. Even when the train started and gradually accelerated, people were still trying to get close to the train, grabbing anything they could to borrow strength, and desperately climbing up the train.
Outside the station, there were still a large number of people flocking to the train station, regardless of the soldiers' repeated warnings.
Lyushenkov rushed to the station and saw that the soldiers on duty at the station fired warning shots into the air to keep people calm. He felt relieved and then approached the station leader to ask for details.
The station director is an old Bolshevik in his early fifties with a bald forehead. He said with a wry smile: "It's chaos, it's all chaos. Originally, only some people chose to leave, but then they saw relatives and neighbors moving away, and people gradually
Feeling panicky, I chose to migrate.
"In fact, the same thing is happening not just here, but in the entire Ural and Siberian regions. For those who had previously registered to leave, the government basically arranged trains, cars, or at least horse-drawn carts, and cattle
They moved south together with trains and other means of transportation. Now, because they had no prior planning, these newcomers placed all their hopes on the railway, believing that only the southbound train could bring them out of their predicament.
"But the capacity of the train is only so large, so we can only give priority to people with tickets to board the train. However, this stimulates those who do not have tickets, so the current situation of forced boarding appears..."
Before the stationmaster finished speaking, another burst of gunfire came.
Lyushenkov turned around and saw a train slowly approaching the station. People in the station were rushing forward crazily regardless of whether they had tickets or not. Soldiers held hands to block the flow of people, but the crowd surged and in a blink of an eye,
Unable to resist, the soldiers standing behind could only pick up their machine guns and shoot into the sky again.
The sound of gunshots deterred most people, and soon the crowd automatically moved out of the way, and those with tickets got on first.
After the people with tickets boarded the train, there were still some empty seats on the train. Others went crazy again. The soldiers roughly estimated that they let five or six hundred people in. Seeing that they could still accommodate people, they let in a few hundred more people. Now the train got off
There is basically no extra space left.
Of course, it was not easy to enter such a crowded space. The soldiers were not polite, either pushing by hand or pedaling, and pushed these people into the car one by one. Soon, countless people were swarming into each tank car.
There is almost no place to put your feet in the carriage.
After all, the number of people a train can carry is limited. Soon even the top of the train was filled with people. The train finally started and slowly left the station. Many women holding their children ran and waved to the train, but nothing happened.
There was no way to stop the train. There was a lot of crying inside and outside the train.
The scene in front of him deeply touched Lyushenkov, but he had no way to change it, and tears rolled down his face.
In the military camp south of Sverdlovsk, a convoy of fifty military trucks was unloading.
During this major migration, nearly half of the people had to walk south, and a large number of porridge shacks for supplying food had to be arranged along the way. Of course, the porridge shacks served were not rice porridge, but salt, chopped green onions and fat, mixed with it.
In principle, you need to collect the mashed potatoes with chunky sweet potatoes with a ticket.
In the past two years, Nanhua had grown potatoes and sweet potatoes in Central Asia and achieved bumper harvests. Therefore, he took the initiative to provide a sum of food for the Far East Soviet government and the army to organize manual cooking to meet the needs of the people migrating along the way.
Take the city of Yar in the North Urals, which is the farthest place from the border of South China, for example. To move from here to the border of South China in the southeast, you need to walk about 1,200 kilometers. Calculated at 40 kilometers per day, it will take a month. Of course,
Usually those who arrange the walk are people who have livestock at home. On the one hand, these people are reluctant to abandon their cattle, horses and other livestock herds. On the other hand, these animals are very good transportation tools tied to the carts, which can greatly reduce the traffic on railways and highways.
Transportation pressure.
However, the most troublesome thing about walking is the issue of food and accommodation. In order to reduce the concerns of immigrants, before departure, the Far East Soviet government distributed 90 food and beverage tickets to each family unit based on three meals a day for a total of 30 days.
You can use your ticket to pick up food on the way.
After Nan Hua's convoy unloaded the grain, it drove to the bus transport station next to the military camp. It took an hour for the convoy, full of people with bus tickets, to embark on the return journey.
At this time, at a street intersection in the south of the city, a blond man in his thirties kept asking for help from people passing by, but people were running away and no one stopped to help. Under the eaves at the corner of the street next to it, a woman was lying curled up.
On the ground, there were constant beatings and shouting, and a pool of blood flowed from her body.
At this moment, the blond man saw a convoy coming from the street to the north. Already in despair, he suddenly rushed to the middle of the road and blocked the front of the convoy.
The leading car made a sharp braking sound, followed by a series of braking sounds. Only then did the man see clearly that a five-clawed golden dragon red flag was flying on the front of the truck.
A soldier in camouflage jumped out of the passenger seat and yelled at the blond man: "What's going on? Do you know that it almost caused a car accident?"
The back of the military truck was filled with local people preparing to evacuate the place. They accused the man of his faults in Russian.
"I'm sorry, but I really can't do anything. Please, please help me, my wife is giving birth!" The blond man fell to his knees and begged loudly as if he had seen a savior.
"Ah!? This-" The soldier was stunned for a moment. He did not expect to encounter such a situation.
At this time, an officer got off a military vehicle behind him. He walked up to the man and took a look. Then he walked over to the woman who kept wailing. His face suddenly became solemn, and he turned his head and ordered:
"Since they have chosen to go south, they are our citizens of Nanhua. We cannot just watch and die without saving them. Go and ask if there are any doctors and nurses among these people who are migrating. Let them confirm the diagnosis first. If they are really giving birth,
Let others squeeze in, lift them both into the car, and deliver the baby as they go."
"yes!"
Soon, two Russian girls who had worked as nurses in the military hospital determined that the woman had inflated her fetus and had given birth early, and now the child's head could be seen. The people in the car behind knew what was happening in front of them.
The brilliance of humanity was revealed at this moment. The already crowded truck finally made room for half the truck. As the delivery woman and her husband got on the truck, the convoy resumed its journey. Two nurses were riding this bumpy road.
Delivering a baby to a woman in a state of distress.
Two hours later, the car had arrived at the town of Cassino in the south, and a "Wow" sound sounded, and a new life came into the world.
After another four hours, the convoy finally arrived at the border checkpoint. During the population registration, the child's parents named the baby girl "Hua En", which meant that the child would always remember the kindness given by the South China government and the army.
...
The train heading south travels on fertile black soil.
Since it was midsummer, the train carriages were crowded with people and the air was extremely polluted. When the train passed some small stations, they slowed down to avoid other trains. There were people on both sides of the railway trying to squeeze into the train like crazy. With unremitting efforts,
Finally, one lucky person got his wish and jumped on the train.
Although the carriage is already very crowded, people are extremely adaptable and can always free up some seats during mutual adjustments to make others and themselves more comfortable. These empty seats give those who do not give up along the way a chance to survive.
.
Outside the car window, a large area of neat fields, like pieces of emerald, retreated rapidly.
It is mid-July now. Agricultural planting in Siberia is generally based on wheat. The frost-free period here only lasts three to four months, and it is usually planted for one season. Now is the time when wheat is heading, and a vibrant scene is revealed in the wilderness. It should be so exciting.
It is refreshing and joyful.
However, you can see refugee gathering spots with black smoke spitting out food everywhere in the wilderness, as well as the flow of people rolling south on the road in the distance, which makes people generally feel depressed, and there are even cries of "嘤嘤嘤" in the carriages.
.
"Watch the train speeding towards the south. On the sad river bank, people hang their heads and sing softly sadly... Why are you sad alone? Why sigh deeply... Seeing that the festival is coming
, my sweetheart no longer belongs to me..."
I don't know who sang "Three Cars" with adapted lyrics. The song was majestic and desolate, which made people cry.
Telephone poles flash by the roadbed, like sentries standing guard tirelessly.
The train was traveling south at high speed, heading towards the unknown future.
...
Troitsk in this era was not the city that later became Moscow State, but a small town on the Kazakh border.
According to the agreement signed between the South China government and the Soviet Union, the boundary between the two countries is to the west and northwest, west of the Ural River and 100 kilometers north of the Ural River, including Chkalov, Orsk, Magny, and Trot.
Cities such as Itsk were directly included in Nanhua's territory.
It is only more than 150 kilometers from the town of Troitsk to Chelyabinsk, another central city in Siberia. It is also far away from Sverdlovsk, the political, economic and cultural center of the Urals and Siberia.
The city is only 370 kilometers away and can be reached by train in just over four hours!
Therefore, the town of Troitsk, located behind the border between the two countries with a railway connection, has become an important place for resettlement.
As early as Zhao Rui took office as the commander of the Central Asian Military Region, he followed An Yi's orders and dispatched engineering troops to important towns with railway connections along the border to expand airports, train stations, and car parking lots to accommodate tens of thousands of people at the same time.
of refugee camps, including the town of Troitsk.
Now all this has finally come in handy.
As the first batch of immigrants entered the border area on July 11, the Immigration Bureau of the South China Government, the Political Department of the Central Asian Military Region, and intelligence departments took full action and carried out work in an orderly manner according to the plan.
At the beginning, due to the small flow of people, it was possible to transport the immigrants to pre-planned places in family units at any time. However, later on, more and more immigrants moved in, except for some people with certain physical constitutions.
Weak people in urgent need of medical treatment were moved to refugee camps, while the rest were diverted to places such as Kostana, Kartaly, and Orsk in the rear, and then transferred.
At the same time, border immigration acceptance points such as Uralsk, Chkalov, Petropavlovsk, and Tatarsk were quickly flooded with immigrants. Although so far, the Central Asian Military District, the *** Military District and the Armed Police Corps
Two hundred thousand troops have been deployed to maintain public security and order, and 30,000 political cadres have been dispatched to participate in registration and management, but manpower is still stretched thin.
Under this circumstance, An Yi, who was conducting field inspections in the town of Troitsk and commanding the relocation and diversion tasks, immediately issued an order to organize "volunteers" from among the young men and women entering the country for management. The "volunteers" were incorporated into the political department.
After being registered under the jurisdiction, you can be given priority when assigning jobs in the future, and you may even have the opportunity to serve as a civil servant in Nanhua, which immediately attracted the attention of many young people.
Due to the "compulsory education" system in the Soviet Union, the cultural quality of young people is relatively high. A large team of "volunteers" was soon established. They cooperated with the military and political cadres and engaged in various jobs.
The order in the place soon became orderly.
Just when An Yi was thinking about how to ensure the dominant position of the Chinese and smoothly integrate the Russians, he suddenly received urgent news that the Nanjing government's central army and local army of more than two million people, with the cooperation of 50,000 US troops and Philippine troops,
Fighting against the Japanese army in the Central Plains.
A big change is about to happen, and I request An Yi to return to Beijing immediately to take charge of the work.
Under this circumstance, An Yi handed over the important task of immigrant relocation and resettlement to Zhao Rui and Huang Yingwu, and told them to allocate these Russians to different areas to dilute the population. If there are more than four Russians in a certain area,
According to one of the resettlement standards, and there is currently no other place to allocate, we might as well provide vocational skills training first and then allocate them based on the actual needs of each factory.