There were countless majestic, magnificent and beautiful projects and buildings in ancient China, which can be called masterpieces in the history of human civilization, art, and engineering. However, the names of designers and architects are rarely left behind. Because we remember Dujiangyan
plum
Bing, he is not only a craftsman, but also the prefect of Shu County in Qin. Because of Zhaozhou Bridge, we know Li Chun, which only comes from a sentence in the "Anji Bridge Inscription" by Zhang Jiazhen, the bookkeeper of the Tang Dynasty: "The stone bridge of Jiaohe River in Zhaozhou, the craftsman Li Chun of the Sui Dynasty
Traces of spring."
The ancient and young city of Beijing has famous buildings from ancient and modern times. When you wander around, how many architects can you remember? The Xiangshan Hotel, which blends ancient charm with the landscape, will remind you of the Chinese-American I.M. Pei; the nondescript Dome
The National Center for the Performing Arts will remember the Frenchman Paul Andre; the CCTV building with big pants, which has become a laughing stock, will remember the Dutchman Rem Koolhaas...
However, among them, who should be remembered the most, and whose name is the most respectable? Many people may not have the impression that they are a pair of cousins, the elder brother is named Lei Faxuan, and the younger brother is named Lei Fafa - the designer, architect and project commander of the Forbidden City
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The Forbidden City has been included in the World Cultural Heritage List by UNESCO. As far as I know, many places across the country are now keen to "apply for World Heritage" or engage in various development projects under the banner of applying for World Heritage, often for various so-called "
short-term profit purposes other than "heritage".
There is no need to be too enthusiastic about this phenomenon, or even to sacrifice the essentials. It is better to be recognized, but there is no need to force this form of psychological satisfaction, or even over-exploit it. For example, the Forbidden City, its preciousness does not lie in a certain certificate
The title lies in the fact that it itself is a precious world cultural heritage, which we should cherish, protect and commemorate.
The Old Summer Palace did not escape murder because of its beauty and splendor. On the contrary, it was robbed precisely because of this. The Koreans’ successful application of the Dragon Boat Festival as a World Heritage does not mean that we will no longer have a Dragon Boat Festival. Whether we have a Dragon Boat Festival or not only depends on contemporary social life.
, have we inherited the spiritual enjoyment of this traditional festival? It has nothing to do with Koreans, and to be honest, it has nothing to do with UNESCO.
Some things just depend on whether we cherish them, whether they are worth cherishing, and how we should cherish them? This is a cultural self-mentality issue.
A round of collecting craze that has emerged in this century is now intensifying, with the trend of "hundreds of millions of people in China are collecting, and ancient relics are becoming more expensive day by day". The origin of its promotion is very strange. The initiators come from overseas, and the sudden sky-high prices in the Western auction market
The hype of Chinese antiques began, represented by the auctions of Yuan blue and white and Ming and Qing porcelain.
The background of this wave of upsurge is that China's economic growth has brought about a large amount of wealth accumulation in the past three decades of reform and opening up. From the country to many individuals, they have considerable consumption power. In this context, investment needs and spiritual needs
As consumption increases, it is reasonable for the collection market to gradually heat up. The reason why it is so strange is that it develops too fast and violently, and the traces of planned manipulation are too obvious, even more obvious than the strong market makers in the stock market.
The traces of charlatanism are too obvious, and the appearance of those behind the scenes is too ugly. Don’t understand “jianghu” in a narrow sense, the world is now one big rivers and lakes.
If someone still doesn’t understand, you can give an example: the crystal skull of the ancient Maya or the bronze pig head of the Yuanmingyuan, which one is higher in terms of human cultural value? It is self-evident! But for a Chinese, he is willing to spend a lot of money.
Of course, what I bought was a pig head, and I didn’t pay attention to the crystal skull. The reason is very simple. The pig head is a cultural relic of China’s diaspora. - In the eyes of the international community, the richer China and its people are, the more valuable certain things are.
"Use value".
Another background to this hype is that a large number of cultural relics were dispersed overseas due to plunder by Western powers in modern history. This process lasted for hundreds of years. Here is a simple set of data: According to the results of the first national census of cultural relics, as of the end of 2005, the number of cultural relics registered in the country was
There are more than 12 million cultural relics, one of which
There are nearly 110,000 first-class cultural relics; and according to incomplete statistics from UNESCO, more than 200 well-known overseas museums alone have collected 1.64 million Chinese cultural relics, while private collections are about ten times the number. The most conservative estimate is,
There are at least 17 million pieces of Chinese cultural relics scattered overseas.
In other words, not counting those buried underground, among the Chinese cultural relics that have been unearthed and handed down to the world, overseas collections are far larger than domestic collections, and the vast majority of domestic collections of cultural relics are not tradable. This hype is actually giving people
The collection of Chinese cultural relics in the West has brought about a huge revaluation, and after being put on the market, it is no less than a second plunder.
Scholars who are purely engaged in archeology may not understand the current collection market. For example, ancient jade ritual vessels from the Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties are older and rarer. The value of cultural relics is undoubtedly much higher, but the market price is far behind that of the porcelain of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Among them, the most
The important reason is that Ming and Qing porcelain is the most representative collection of overseas cultural relics, and speculation is in line with maximizing plunder profits.
This round of collecting craze has not been oriented by cultural value from the beginning. It has led to the continued heating of the domestic collection market and the prosperity of black market smuggling, and has also led to two far-reaching consequences -
The first is the proliferation of counterfeit cultural relics. You Zuming, the father of the protagonist You Fang in this book, is a "master" of counterfeiting cultural relics. Since authentic products are hard to find and prices are high, a large number of criminals have turned their attention to the underground cultural relics that have been sleeping for thousands of years in China.
It is experiencing an unprecedented wave of excavations, and its rate of loss and damage is no less than that of a century-old catastrophe in modern history.
The media also intentionally or unintentionally contributes to the flames through publicity in order to attract attention. When Mr. Ma Weidu gave a hilarious talk about collecting on CCTV, and when Mr. Ni Fangliu started a blog and proclaimed himself an expert on the history of tomb robbing, did you notice this? And today I wrote "The Earth Master"
》Although this book is based on Feng Shui, in some aspects, I feel deeply ashamed!
Let’s talk a little more about collection, and then let’s talk about the Forbidden City. As we all know, the Forbidden City was built on the basis of the Yuan Dadu Palace during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty. The designer in charge of the design in the early Ming Dynasty was Kuai Xiang. How come the Lei brothers became the designers and architects of the Forbidden City?
Woolen cloth?
In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), Li Zicheng's army captured Beijing and the Ming Dynasty was destroyed. Li Zicheng burned the Forbidden City before retreating. Only Wuying Hall, Jianji Hall, Yinghua Hall, Nanxun Hall, surrounding corner towers and Huangji Gate were not burned, and the rest were not burned.
All buildings were destroyed. The main buildings of the Forbidden City we see today were built in the early Qing Dynasty and were not basically completed until the 34th year of Kangxi.
Let’s talk about Lei Fafa first, whose courtesy name was Mingsuo. He was born in Xinzhuang, Meitang Township, Jianchang County, Nankang Prefecture, Jiangxi Province (now Xinzhuang Village, Meitang Town, Yongxiu County, Jiangxi Province). He was born in the 47th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1619) and died in the Qing Dynasty.
In the 32nd year of Kangxi (1693), he was the chief designer (chief designer) of the "Style House" in the early Qing Dynasty. He and his cousin Lei Fa were known as "Style Lei" and were outstanding architectural masters in the history of the world.
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The Lei family has been building craftsmen for generations, and their ancestors served the court as craftsmen during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty. Influenced by his family environment, Lei Fafa loved architectural art since childhood, studied diligently, and studied hard. His skills surpassed those of his elders. At that time in southern Jiangxi
He designed and presided over the construction of some important ancestral halls and temples in Kangfu. Therefore, his architectural skills and talents were already well-known in the county in his youth.
In the early years of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, the imperial court carried out large-scale restoration and reconstruction of the Forbidden City, overhauled the gardens, and built large-scale buildings such as the Chengde Palace Summer Resort and the Eight Outer Temples. At that time, 200,000 laborers were recruited nationwide, and carpenters alone were
There are tens of thousands of people
Lei Fada participated in this huge project and served as the person in charge of the style of the Ministry of Industry. Emperor Kangxi appointed Lei Fada as the director of the Construction Department of the Ministry of Industry. At that time, there was a rumor in the government and the public that "there is a Lu Ban above, a Chang Ban below, and Ziwei Zhao ordered
, the ballad of "Fan Guan in the Golden Palace".
Later, Lei Fafa was transferred to be in charge of the Nanmu Style Room in Yuanmingyuan, and was officially promoted to be in charge of the "Style Room" of the Ministry of Industry. For large-scale civil construction projects inside and outside the palace, the style room first proposed drawings, then submitted them to the emperor for approval, and then sent them to the Ministry of Industry.
or the Ministry of Internal Affairs, to prepare detailed plans and estimated work materials.
Lei Fada and his descendants have been in charge of the "Style House" for more than 200 years. The famous Qing Dynasty buildings designed and built by the Lei brothers and their descendants account for one-fifth of my country's world cultural heritage, including: Ergong (Beijing) Forbidden City,
Chengde Palace and the Eight Outer Temples), Two Tombs (East Tomb, Xiling), Three Mountains (Wanshou Mountain, Yuquan Mountain, Xiangshan Mountain), Three Seas (Beihai, Zhonghai, Nanhai), Four Gardens (Old Summer Palace, Summer Palace, Jingyi Garden, Chang
Spring Garden) etc.
In traditional architectural design, Leifa not only maintains strict symmetry for the buildings on the central line, but also adopts a roughly symmetrical yet flexible pattern for the buildings on the secondary axes on both sides of the main axis. This not only highlights the center, but also forms
It achieves a unified and prioritized whole, and is praised at home and abroad as a model of centerline symmetry design in ancient Chinese architecture.
Before the construction of the project, he not only drew the architectural drawings, but also made three-dimensional and exquisite "hot samples" according to the drawings, that is, architectural models. The models are movable and can be disassembled and assembled, so that the overall shape and external structure can be seen at a glance, and they can also be disassembled.
Take a closer look at the internal structure and layout. Palace Museum
There are many architectural drawings and "hot samples" of gardens and palaces in the Beijing Library, the Beijing Library and the descendants of the "Shi Shi Lei" family in Beijing. These drawings and hot samples are almost the same as modern architectural design drawings, and represent the ancient and modern architectural designs of our country.
A superb level of architectural art in human history.
Due to his official rank, Lei Faxuan's records in historical materials are not as many as those of Lei Faxuan, who represents the Lei family. The two brothers created "Style Lei" together, and both of them left their names in the world. The Lei brothers are not only masters of architectural art, but also important figures in China's history.
The traditional Yin-Yang House Feng Shui master (the place where you live during your lifetime is called the Yang House, and the place where you are buried after death is called the Yin House). The compass used by the protagonist in this book was once the object of thunder.
While conceiving this novel, I learned two pieces of news: the first was that archaeological excavations had found the "Tomb of Cao Cao." The second piece of news was influenced by the first piece of news. Lianhua Village, Muma Township, Pengshan County, Sichuan Province
More than a dozen villagers jointly applied to excavate the "Lianhuaba Emperor's Tomb", a cultural relic protection unit in nearby Meishan City, which is said to be Liu Bei's mausoleum.
Eighty-percent of the villagers there are surnamed Liu and claim to be descendants of Liu Bei. They insist that the tomb of the emperor in Lianhuaba is Liu Bei's mausoleum. The local village chief joked: "Cao Cao has risen, so Liu Bei should rise too, so we can have another round of drinking and talking about heroes."
Do heroes think so? In fact, no matter what the excuse is, it is just for some "benefits" that may be brought to the locals after the excavation of the royal tomb. Not to mention that excavation is only a last resort rescue method. Under today's technical conditions, it is the best
The only way to preserve buried cultural relics is to protect them! Just for some immediate selfish interests, they actually issued a "suggestion" to dig up their own ancestral graves, which has left people speechless for a long time.
The protagonist of this book, You Fang, is a descendant of the Eight Gates of the Jianghu and a generation of "Earth Master". However, he is not a gentleman in the traditional sense, nor can he be regarded as a standard good person. To describe it in his own words: "When I enter the Jianghu, my conscience has already given way to dogs.
I ate half of it, but I always used the slogan of "rob the rich and give to the poor, act chivalrous and righteous" to make excuses for "cheating, abducting, *"; but the other half must be carefully kept, otherwise I don't know how to treat others and myself, and why.
Come?"
Why did he come to this river and lake, and can he find the answer while floating? Please read "Earth Master" to tell you the adventure stories in today's world. This is a completely fictional novel, Feng Shui is just a subject that attracts attention, thanks to Feng Shui
The name talks about all kinds of rivers and lakes.