There is nothing to say about the research of wolf smoke
Recently, many readers have cited evidence that "wolf smoke" is not the smoke produced by burning wolf dung.
The examples cited by everyone are mainly the following:
1. It is mentioned in the book "Wolf Totem" that burning wolf dung does not produce smoke;
2. Wolf dung is very difficult to obtain. It is impossible to collect wolf dung and burn wolf smoke;
3. In the beacon tower, firewood is often found, but wolf dung is rarely found;
4. Wolf smoke can be regarded as a name for the northern nomads together with wolf son, wolf soldier and wolf master, rather than wolf excrement.
I took a quick look and found these four examples.
The refutations one by one are as follows:
1. "Wolf Totem" is a novel, not documentary literature. In fact, the author only stayed in Inner Mongolia for 11 years from 196* to 197*. Modern people are not familiar with many things in ancient times.
We fully understand that modern technology cannot reproduce many of the achievements of ancient civilizations.
In addition, please try not to give examples of "Wolf Totem". I don't like this book very much. This book ignores the current demographic structure of our country and is filled with a lot of words that provoke ethnic conflicts. Many domestic friends are even shamelessly proud of Genghis Khan.
, thinking that Genghis Khan is a member of the Chinese nation - this is also the case in the book "Wolf Totem".
In fact, the Mongol Empire founded by Genghis Khan was composed of four major khanates. The Yuan Dynasty at that time was just one of them. The four major khanates were independent of each other and even had frequent large-scale wars with each other.
In addition, Genghis Khan and his shameless descendants are comparable to Hitler. The policies they pursued are 100 times more fascist than fascism. According to research, during the decades of war, Genghis Khan and his descendants killed more than 100 million people. "For thousands of miles, people were killed."
How many have been wiped out? The survivors are counted by household registration, and there are more than a thousand." Do you know how many people there were in the world at that time?
It is mentioned in "Eternal Slaying the Dragon" that it is true that the Mongols slaughtered the world's kings, kings, Li Zhao and other common people without any reason. It is also true that the Mongols promoted democracy in China. In order to prevent the Chinese from rebelling, the Mongols collected all the iron tools
It's also true.
Before the return of Mongolia, treating Genghis Khan as a hero of China was the biggest and most shameless conspiracy of this century.
Pull it away, then pull it back.
2. Wolf dung is very difficult to obtain. It is impossible to pick wolf dung and burn wolf smoke.
This sentence is another example of people talking nonsense today while sitting in air-conditioned rooms.
Wolves used to be all over northern my country, with dozens of them gathering at every turn.
If there is no war, wolf smoke will not be lit once a year. Is collecting wolf dung for one year enough to light it once or twice? Is collecting wolf dung for one month enough to light it once?
Moreover, in large-scale applications, wolf dung is collected, transported, and distributed as a war resource - so don't imagine that the Beacon Tower soldiers have nothing to do and carry a dung basket and a dung fork all over the mountains and fields to pick up wolf dung every day.
According to this logic, do soldiers also have to go mining first and then smelt iron to make their own weapons? - I saw this kind of example on the Internet, think about it first and then say it, don't just understand it.
3. Inside the beacon tower, firewood is often found, but wolf dung is rarely found.
The soldiers in the beacon tower are also human beings, and they also need to eat three meals a day, and they also need to eat hot rice. Before solar energy was not common at that time, you had to let people use firewood to cook - in fact, this kind of
The discovery just proves that ordinary firewood cannot be used as smoke. Otherwise, when these hundreds of beacon towers are cooking at noon, the generals in the rear will be so nervous that they wet their pants?
4, wolf soldier, wolf son, wolf master
This kind of title is a title in various romances of the Ming Dynasty. You can look through various romances before the Ming Dynasty and you will find that there is basically no such term. But Lang Yan existed before the Tang Dynasty.
Therefore, this example has no practical significance.
In the dictionary, the explanation of wolf smoke is as follows: wolf smoke means beacon fire. In ancient times, wolf dung was burned on the beacon tower to call the police, hence the name.
In the literature of ancient people, the word "wolf smoke" is as follows:
Tang Dynasty - Duan Chengshi's "Youyang Zazu": "The smoke of wolf dung goes straight up, and it is used for beacon fire."
In the Northern Song Dynasty - Lu Dian's "Piya": "In ancient beacon fires, wolf dung was used, and the smoke was kept straight and gathered, even if the wind blew it, it would not slant."
Northern Song Dynasty - Qian Yiyun: Whenever a fire trumpet is set on the border, wolf dung is often used to burn it as smoke. The smoke goes straight up, although it is blown by strong winds and does not tilt. This is often used in beacon fires, so it is called '堠' or 'wolf smoke'.
Ming Dynasty - Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica": The wolf's intestines are straight, so the frontier fortress uses wolf arrows as smoke.
Ming Dynasty - Qi Jiguang's "New Book of Jixiao" Volume 17 "Guarding the Whistle Chapter-Grass Frame Method" says: "Fu Chu's ancestors used the pier method to raise wolf smoke. There are few wolf dung in the south, and the fireworks are out of control; the grass on the handle will not be burned for long.
, ten miles away, how can you see with your eyes!"
Tang Dynasty - Li Quan's "Taibai Yin Jing" records that the beacon tower must be equipped with "cannon stone fortresses, water stops, water urns, raw grains, dry grains, hemp bags, fire drills, rockets, mugwort, wolf dung, and cow dung."
"Wu Jing Zong Yao" records that the Song Dynasty system also "installed fire tubes, water poppies, dry food, hemp bags, fire diamonds, mugwort, wolf dung, cattle and sheep dung" on the beacon tower.
Even practical military generals like Qi Jiguang understand: there is little wolf dung in the south, and fireworks are out of control; the grass on the top of the handle will not burn for a long time, and how can it be seen ten miles away!
Does this prove from another perspective that firewood cannot ignite smoke that is dark and thick enough to call the police?
I can’t tell you the master’s closing words:
What exactly wolf smoke is made of, and whether it is made from wolf dung, has always been controversial. I am a writer, you are a reader, and none of us are archaeologists. They argue over each other, just like two blind men.
There is no need to discuss it further. Of course, if you have a time shuttle, you can make an appointment with me to go back and investigate together. Other than that, don't take anyone else's word for it.
I'm so tired. I don't think I really want to give this boring explanation over and over again.