Liu Zhang accepted Liu Yan's Yizhou. But it was difficult for people like him to survive in this era.
Speaking of which, when the world was in chaos, Yizhou, where Liu Zhang was located, was the land of abundance. The people were prosperous and the country was rich, and the soldiers and food were sufficient. They were able to defend themselves and even achieve hegemony. However, Liu Zhang could not protect Yizhou in the process of protecting it.
To make a difference, apart from being a local emperor behind closed doors, he basically thinks that the world is at peace.
Compared with the heroes of the late Han Dynasty, Liu Zhang was "weak" and "not martial" mainly because he did not understand the strategic geographical situation of Yizhou and was unable to work hard to repair Zhang Lu in Hanzhong. He lost the northern barrier of Yizhou and put Yizhou under the threat of foreign enemies.
.The second is the lack of psychological quality for major military struggles. Although he owned Yizhou, a "feng shui treasure land", Liu Zhang extremely did not believe in his own strength. Finally, he lacked sufficient military talent.
In fact, Liu Zhang was not without military talents. During his rule in Yizhou, he put down several large-scale rebellions by Yizhou's wealthy families, which is evidence of this. This led to people at the time viewing Liu Zhang as "weak" and "unmilitary"
The reason is that in addition to Liu Zhang's "lenient" and "gentle" character and cowardly character, it is also closely related to the fact that he did not work hard on "human conspiracy" in the troubled times when "human conspiracy" was highly valued. The outstanding performance is that Liu Zhang did not set his ambitions far, but only
Trying to protect a state.
It was the policy set by Liu Zhang's father, Liu Yan, to secure Yizhou and watch the world. Liu Yan raised his troops and did not challenge Dong Zhuo with the world, but kept the state on its own." This undoubtedly limited his development. After Liu Yan's death, his successor
Liu Zhang, the pastor of Yizhou, basically followed his father's policy of "sitting on the guarantee". In a certain sense, "sitting on the guarantee" had its rationality, for example, it could avoid unnecessary consumption of one's own strength in disputes. However, at the end of the Han Dynasty, the separatist regime
In the era of annexation, people were satisfied with "self-preservation" without ambitious goals and positive actions. In the end, they could only "work for others and I for fish and meat". Warlords such as Gongsun Zan are typical examples.
It is good for Liu Zhang to govern Yizhou. Yizhou is definitely ranked first among the states in the world in terms of wealth, and is even richer than Jingzhou. Liu Zhang only trusted the people of Dongzhou and could not unite the Yizhou indigenous people. The Yizhou indigenous landowner group
Liu Zhang has never been favorably favored by them, and Liu Zhang has never been able to get more support from them. Not only has the conflict between foreign landowners and indigenous landowners not been resolved; there are also conflicts between Liu Zhang himself and his senior officials, and Liu Zhang has neither
He had sufficient power to control the arrogant generals, and he did not have the ability to select or reuse outstanding talents, so Liu Zhang had no skills in selecting talents.
Liu Zhang was originally in Chang'an and served as the captain of Fengche. His father Liu Yan was appointed as the shepherd of Yizhou. Because he was impeached for his unruly behavior, "Jingzhou shepherd Liu Biao Biao Yan arrogantly planned to use public weapons to serve", so Liu Zhang was sent by the imperial court.
He came to tell Liu Yan. It should have the meaning of blaming and warning. Liu Yan simply kept Liu Zhang by his side. Of course, Liu Yan's actions were also involved. After Liu Biao impeached Liu Yan, Liu Yan simply used the trick and pretended that he was in good health.
Liu Zhang was recalled due to illness, and Liu Zhang wrote to the court asking him to return home to visit relatives. But Liu Yan had three sons in the central government, namely Liu Fan, Liu Dan, and Liu Zhang. Why did Liu Yan want to recall Liu Zhang, but the central government allowed him to go home? I'm afraid
Liu Zhang had certain abilities, so he was valued by Liu Yan among the four brothers, and the court believed that this young man had a gentle and generous personality and would not pose a threat to the court. Therefore, he was released. Later, Liu Yan caused trouble and left him in the court.
His two sons were killed one after another. It can be said that Liu Zhang's personality saved him from a fatal disaster.
After Liu Zhang returned to Yizhou, his father Liu Yan died of illness soon after. Zhao Wei, an important official in Yizhou at the time, supported Liu Zhang's succession as the shepherd of Yizhou because Liu Zhang had a gentle personality and should be easy to control. The first thing Liu Zhang had to solve was the internal conflicts within Yizhou.
Due to the political chaos and wars in the Eastern Han Dynasty, many disaster victims flowed into the Yizhou area. At that time, it was recorded that "Nanyang and Sanfu people flowed into tens of thousands of households in Yizhou." At that time, Yizhou Shepherd Liu Yan adopted the method of recruiting and expanding the army to resettle
The victims of the disaster are known as the "Dongzhou Soldiers". On the one hand, they have stabilized the society. On the other hand, these homeless people undoubtedly have advantages in terms of fighting spirit and sense of belonging...
However, the existence of the Dongzhou soldiers was an obvious force and they competed with the local Yizhou natives for limited survival resources, which made the relationship between the two very tense. Liu Zhang's weak character could not suppress this situation, and the Dongzhou soldiers were also Liu Zhang's.
The family had made great achievements and could not be suppressed forcefully, so Liu Zhang had to adopt a balancing method and appointed Zhao Wei, a wealthy family in Yizhou, in order to make the two restrain each other. Unfortunately, it backfired. Zhao Wei rebelled and united with the Yizhou family to attack together.
Liu Zhang. Liu Zhang retreated to Chengdu. People in Dongzhou were afraid that their property and lives would be damaged, so they united as one and finally drove back the coalition forces. Liu Zhang's regime turned the corner.
This mutiny was caused by Liu Zhang's failure to handle the conflicts within the regime, but it also shows that Liu Zhang still took certain measures to deal with the crisis of rule. His method was to support the weak to resist the strong, and entrusted Zhao Wei, a local tycoon, with important responsibilities.
, but the locals did not buy his account. On the one hand, this was due to the intensification of conflicts between Yizhou natives and outsiders. This conflict began in the era of his father Liu Yan. In order to cultivate his own power and establish his own authority, Liu Yan "
For this reason, more than ten powerful people in the state were killed." Even Jia Long, the hero who stabilized Yizhou and welcomed Liu Yan, was killed by Liu Yan. This laid a bad root for the confrontation between the local government and the central government. Compared with
Next, Liu Zhang aimed to bridge the contradiction between the two. Although it was difficult to recover from the long history, it ultimately failed, but Liu Zhang was by no means the only person to bear the responsibility.
Liu Zhang made a big mistake in handling the relationship with Zhang Lu's regime. Originally, the establishment of Zhang Lu's religious power was completed under Liu Yan's instruction, with the purpose of expanding Yizhou's power and getting rid of the control of the central court.
Looking for an excuse, "Yan sent a letter saying that rice thieves have cut off the road and cannot reopen it." But after Zhang Lu died, Liu Zhang didn't take Liu Zhang seriously. So Liu Zhang was furious and executed Zhang Lu's mother and younger brother.
He sent people to attack, but failed again. It can be said that Liu Zhang despised this force entrenched in the Hanzhong area. He believed that as soon as his army came out, they would return in triumph, so he resolutely killed the hostages.
From then on, the political power in Hanzhong no longer surrendered. It was obvious that Liu Zhang did not understand Zhang Lu's actual situation and was too hasty. Zhang Lu's way of ruling in Hanzhong was to "teach the people the ghost way and call himself 'Master'." Those who came to learn the way,
At the beginning, they were all named "Ghost Soldiers". They accepted the Tao and were called "Jiejiu". There were many leaders in each group, and the most powerful ones were Zhitou Jijiu." Simple religious ideas were used to manage the people. In this "household, one hundred thousand people were born.
There were still some signs of peace and happiness in a small area with rich soil and fertile soil and strong security on all sides. Liu Zhang failed to control this sphere of influence and killed the hostages. This made Zhang Lu resolutely stand on his opposite side. This kind of
What you do is very stupid.
In fact, Liu Zhang, as a leader of a separatist force in troubled times, did not have the ambition to unify the world and sweep across Liuhe, nor the civil and military skills, nor the powerful personal qualities. It was unpredictable timing that pushed him to the position of governor of a state.
During his reign, he was able to respect his subordinates and work hard to reconcile internal conflicts. He wanted to maintain his rule by engaging in foreign wars and looking after both sides. Of course, as a person with ordinary qualifications, he also made many fatal mistakes in his governance.
At this time, Liu Zhang was having a headache again. On one side was Cao Cao and on the other was Sun Ce. Both were ambitious tycoons. Cao Cao was powerful and held the emperor hostage, so it was difficult to disobey him. Sun Ce was no less powerful, but he was in a weak position.
One side.
Being on good terms with Cao Cao would be politically advantageous, while being on good terms with Sun Ce would provide an extra layer of protection for Yizhou's security. After all, Cao Cao was powerful. If he captured the entire Jingzhou, he would definitely turn his attention to Yizhou.
Zhouzhou is a land of abundance. With Cao Cao's nature, how could he let it go so easily?
Now Yizhou has Zhang Lu in the north and Cao Cao and Sun Ce in the east. It has reached an extremely dangerous situation. It will be difficult for Liu Zhang, the King of Anle, to continue...
Zhang Lu is not a small trouble, and the threat to Yizhou is also very big. Zhang Lu relied on the Five Dou Rice Cult. The "Five Dou Rice Tao", also known as Tianshi Tao, was founded by Zhang Ling, Zhang Heng, and Zhang Lu's ancestors. Zhang Lu established his own rule in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.
In Hanzhong, the imperial court was "unable to conquer", so it worshiped Zhang Lu as Zhongyi Zhonglang General and led Hanning as the prefect. Therefore, Zhang Lu implemented the integration of government and education in Hanzhong, dominated Bashu for ten years, and established a Five Pecks of Rice Kingdom in Hanzhong.
During the thirty years of the Han Dynasty, Zhang Lu managed Hanzhong in an orderly manner, with simple folk customs and a wealthy life. He did not close his doors at night and did not pick up things on the road. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, when the princes were rising and the world was in chaos, Hanzhong could be said to be a pure land and a paradise. According to the religious rules and policies he implemented
, it can be said that some are the link between the past and the future, and some are unprecedented.
At the end of the Han Dynasty, the Bashu area was originally a place where witches and ghosts were prevalent. "The evil spirit was prevalent. The people were in chaos, there were many thieves, and the worship of yin was popular." After Zhang Ling and his disciples entered Bashu, they originally wanted to worship the "Taiwan Tai".
"Qingxuanyuan", the god of the Qing Dynasty, banned the worship of evil spirits, and spread the magic of exorcising and killing ghosts to change the believers' psychology of believing in and fearing ghosts. However, during the implementation process, it was difficult to completely change the current situation where the culture of ghosts and gods has been deeply rooted in the people's hearts, so we had to
It is both struggle and tolerance. Later, the "Bajun Shaman" Zhang Xiu took over the teachings and integrated the ghost way with the Tianshi Tao. From then on, the ghost culture took root in the Tianshi Tao.
While applying talismans and medicines on five buckets of rice to cure diseases, a special quiet room was also set up to teach patients to meditate in the quiet room. First, they confessed to the gods, and wrote the patient's name on the document and told about the various "sins" he had committed. This method
It is called "Three Tongs" or "Three Officials Handwriting". Through this method, the heart is first purified, and then supplemented by the dual treatment of drinking specially prepared talisman water. Wu Dou Mi Tao believes that if a person is sick, it is mostly because the patient has been
If you have done something that goes against nature, laws, principles, doctrines, and rules, and you have been punished by ghosts and gods, you must first admit your faults, not protect yourself, and sincerely repent and reform. Only then can you ask for forgiveness from ghosts and gods, so as to achieve recovery.
Purpose. At this point, it can be clearly explained that many of the magic tricks of Wu Dou Mi Dao are transformed from witchcraft.
Folks in Hanzhong are afraid of ghosts, respect ghosts, pray for blessings from gods, cast spells to control houses, ward off evil spirits and other witchcraft and ghost customs that have been passed down from generation to generation.
Zhang Lu implemented a political and religious regime in Hanzhong, with a complete and strict religious organization system that was modeled on the administrative system of the Han Dynasty.
Wu Dou Mi Dao created the "twenty-four governance" religious organizational form, headed by Yang Pingzhi. This management form is actually the religiousization of the Han Dynasty's county, county, and pavilion systems. It uses religious means to restore the Han Dynasty's population within its jurisdiction.
Household registration system. "The Heavenly Master is in charge of setting up posts, and he is also the official, county and city government of Yang, managing the people's property. All those who follow the Tao are registered in household registration, and each has his own place." The original government tax system has become a voluntary payment of Taoist funds. Those who follow the Tao with five buckets of rice "come out"
The rule that "five measures of rice is considered normal" actually means that believers should pay five measures of rice to each household, which is also the religiousization of the government taxation system of the Han Dynasty.
The funds collected from the "Five Pecks of Rice Road" are obtained from the people and used for the people. The mutual aid economic method is the most unique feature of Zhang Lu's long-term governance. In this way, the taxation system of the Han Dynasty was reformed by religious means, making it simple and easy to implement.
It maintained the economic foundation of the secular government and highlighted the teachings of the Taiping Jing that encouraged Taoist people to help each other. Due to the realization of righteous rice, righteous meat, and mutual aid, Taoist capital was taken from the people and used for the people. Zhang Lu in the Han Dynasty
For more than ten years, the prestige is very high.
Hanzhong is not actually a large county, with a population of only 300,000. However, due to its high prestige, Zhang Lu could recruit 70,800,000 to 80,000 people to die for him at a single order. Every time he fought, they were extremely brave. Therefore, Zhang Lu relied on this strength to
One county can actually compete with one state and still have the upper hand.
Zhang Lu is the grandson of Zhang Ling, a Taoist master of Five Pecks of Rice, and a native of Pei State. After Zhang Ling's death, his son Zhang Heng continued his path. After Heng's death, Zhang Lu succeeded him as the leader. His mother was good at keeping in good health, "had a young appearance", and "also held the power of ghosts."
", he traveled to Yizhou to herd Liu Yan's family. Through his mother's relationship with Liu Yan's family, he gained trust. Liu Yan appointed him as the governor of the army, and together with Zhang Xiu, the other commander, led troops to attack Hanzhong prefect Su Gu. Zhang
After Xiu killed Su Gu, Zhang Lu killed Zhang Xiu again and captured his soldiers. After Liu Yan died, his son Liu Zhang took over the throne. Because Zhang Lu did not obey his orders, he killed Lu's mother and her family. Zhang Lu then separatized Hanzhong and
The "Five Pecks of Rice" educated the people and established a political and religious regime...
When Zhang Lu was in Hanzhong, he copied Zhang Xiu's teachings and "embellished them". He called himself "Master Shijun". Those who came to learn Taoism were initially called "ghost soldiers". After accepting the Taoism, they were called "jiujiu" and each led their tribes.
; Leading many people is called "Zhitou Dajiu". There are no long-term officials, and local government affairs are managed by sacrificing wine. They inherit the teachings of their ancestors, teach the people to be honest and not cheat, and make the patients surrender themselves; they will forgive those who break the law three times, and if they break the law again,
, and then the punishment will be added; if it is a minor offense, he should build a road for a hundred steps to atone for his sin. In addition, according to the "Moon Order", killing and drinking are prohibited when all things are growing in spring and summer. He also established a charity house and set up righteousness.
Rice and meat are included and free for passersby to eat. It is said that if you get too much, you will offend ghosts and gods and get sick.
At that time, the court controlled by Cao Cao had no time to take care of Hanzhong, so he appointed Zhang Lu as the Zhonglang General of the townspeople and led the prefect of Hanning. Zhang Lu then became friendly with Cao Cao, and Liu Zhang was even more afraid of Zhang Lu. In fact, a very important reason was that Zhang Lu was
The influence of the entire Bashu was too great. The Five Pecks of Rice Cult spread not only in Hanzhong, but also in Bashu. Many local natives believed in Zhang Lu. This was also the reason why Zhang Lu repeatedly invaded and made Liu Zhang very anxious. Because
Every time Zhang Lu's army went south, the believers in each county would cooperate with Zhang Lu to launch a rebellion and echo each other from afar. Therefore, Zhang Lu was more difficult to deal with Liu Zhang than Cao Cao and Sun Ce.
The good Yizhou suddenly turned into a place of four wars. There were Zhang Lu in the north, barbarians in the south who were not convinced, Cao Cao and Sun Ce in the east, and internal violence among the indigenous families. At this point, Liu Zhang was really dumbfounded.
, he quickly summoned people to ask for advice. What he had to consider now was whether to befriend Cao Cao or Sun Ce. This was the most important question before him.
Fa Zhengdao said: "My lord, Cao Cao has ulterior motives and has a good relationship with Zhang Lu. The only way to protect Yizhou is to join forces with Sun to fight against Cao."
Fa Zhen was born in Youfufeng County. His grandfather Fa Zhen was a famous scholar in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and was known as "Mr. Xuande"; his father Fa Yan once served as Situ Rong and Tingwei Zuojian.
In the early years of Jian'an, due to famine in the world, Fa Zheng and his friend Meng Da from the same county went to Shu to attach themselves to Liu Zhang. However, Liu Zhang was not a man who was good at using people. It was a long time before Fa Zheng became the magistrate of Xindu County and was later appointed as a military officer.
Yixiaowei. Fa Zheng was very distressed when he failed to recognize his talent and was slandered by people in the state. Zhang Song, a farewell commander in Yizhou, was a good friend of Fa Zheng. He also felt that Liu Zhang was not a person capable of achieving great things, and often reflected on his own plight.
At this time, Fazheng had a premonition of the impending crisis in Yizhou, but he still loyally put forward his opinions.
Liu Zhang glanced at Fazheng, nodded slightly, and said oh without expressing his opinion. Fazheng's status in Liu Zhangjun's army was not high, and Liu Zhang didn't think much of him. Unexpectedly, the first person to express his opinion was an unknown soldier, Liu Zhang.
It was inevitable that he would feel contemptuous, so he set his sights on Huang Quan, waiting for him to make up his mind.
Huang Quan was a county official when he was young. Later, Liu Zhang, the governor of the state, recruited him to be the chief administrator. He was regarded as Liu Zhang's confidant, and Liu Zhang wanted to hear Huang Quan's opinion.
Seeing Liu Zhang's attitude, Fa Zheng's expression changed and he had no choice but to stand aside.
Huang Quan coughed, saluted Liu Zhang, and bowed: "My lord, Cao Cao is allied with Zhang Lu. Our army and Zhang Lu are enemies. Naturally, we cannot be on good terms with Cao Cao. How about joining Sun Ce?"
Liu Zhang then nodded: "It's just that Cao's army is powerful. What should we do if we collude with Zhang Lu to attack Yizhou?"
Everyone was shocked when they saw Liu Zhang's attitude. Fazheng and Huang Quan had the same opinion, but they got different attitudes when they raised it. For a monarch to favor one over the other, who would have a headache. Especially Zhang Song, looking at
Fazheng glanced at him, and a trace of anger flashed in his eyes, which disappeared in a flash.
On Liu Zhang's side, Huang Quan did not feel the expressions of the crowd. Huang Quan said: "Sun Ce is also a smart man. How could he not understand the meaning of lips dying and teeth cold? If Cao Cao and Zhang Lu attack Yizhou together, Sun Ce will definitely send troops to rescue him. Yizhou has mountains and rivers
There are many dangers and passes, but we will definitely be able to hold on to them."
Liu Zhang nodded and felt that Huang Quan was reasonable, so he said: "In this case, it is time to contact Sun Ce? Then invite Sun Ce's envoy to see him."