Lin Hanlong pointed to a half-assembled machine and said: "Surface grinding machine. It can be installed and tested next week."
Qian Shuiting turned his head back and forth and compared the flat grinder with the spherical grinder next to him. "The structures feel very similar." []
"It's basically the same design. However, there are slight differences in the plane movement of the grinding tool."
"You said these are for making binoculars for the Navy? I remember that binoculars were not equipped until the Battle of Tsushima, right? They are very expensive. How much do your binoculars cost?"
In answer, Lin Hanlong walked to the workbench aside and picked up a monocular telescope and handed it to Qian Shuiting. From a modern perspective, the workmanship of this telescope is relatively rough. The lens barrel is made of bright and shiny brass, but the processing left
Scratches can be seen everywhere on the barrel. There is a protective ring on the eyepiece, which seems to be made of leather when touched. There is no obvious blockage when pulling the lens barrel back and forth, but it is not very smooth either.
"This one is for the army. It's the cheapest. It takes five man-hours to make one." Lin Hanlong smiled bitterly, "But it took a lot of litigation to get this bit of brass. There is no way, there is nothing better than brass at the moment.
The material is used to make the lens barrel."
Qian Shuiting silently calculated. "It's less than three yuan in circulation coupons, which can be converted into cash silver at most three cents. It would be great if this thing can be taken out. If you sell it for fifty taels of silver each, you will definitely go crazy."
"You can take out. I have better ones." Lin Hanlong said and handed over a monocular telescope.
This new telescope looks very different. Although the brass barrel is also full of scratches...
There are no marks, but the shape is relatively flat, suitable for hand holding, and there are obvious ergonomic considerations. There is a large knob in the middle of the lens barrel, and you can see the lens barrel expand and contract on its own by turning it.
"This takes fifteen man-hours to make."
"Oh, it's so expensive. What's the benefit?"
Lin Hanlong led Qian Shuiting out of a side door and pointed to the chimney in the distance for him to compare. Under the light of the gas street lamp, the five-hour bargain hunter could only barely see the shape and edge of the chimney in a shadow.
It’s blurry. The high-end product with fifteen working hours can clearly distinguish the cracks in the bricks on the chimney and the wisps of white smoke. The difference between the two is clear at a glance. “This is almost the same as what we brought. It is absolutely excellent.
value."
Lin Hanlong shook his head: "There is still a big difference in level. This is just for practice, no one wants it."
Lin Hanlong explained. The embarrassment of this kind of thing is that it is neither good nor bad. The Army likes cheap products because they can be equipped in large numbers with indigenous grassroots officers, scouts and gunners, and loss and damage are not a problem. The Navy only wants binoculars and monoculars.
Although the quality is good, it is not up to par. As for the veteran officers, in any case, they have a few authentic military products brought from the old time and space, so the effect is naturally higher.
As for the price of binoculars, it took a week to hand-grind the prisms and add silver plating, and nearly a week to process the lens barrels. Lin Hanlong took two people to assemble and adjust them for more than three days, and finally got three finished products. Plus
The cost of the lens, converted into one binocular, is more than 60 man-hours. However, this is currently the man-hour of manual trial production. After the surface is ground and adjusted, and the lens barrel technology matures, the man-hour is expected to be greatly reduced. On the other hand,
The non-combat ships of the Navy will not be equipped with binoculars. If there are veteran officers on the main battle ships, they will also have telescopes brought from the old time and space. So what is really needed is some combat and patrol ships with only naturalized personnel.
That's it. Lin Hanlong estimated that more than a hundred or two hundred would be enough.
"This is the power of industry." Qian Shuiting sighed. In other places in the world, the most primitive telescopes are also high-end military products that are rare to find. In Lingao, binoculars that are nearly a year ahead of the world are also available.
It's just a mass product that takes up to 60 working hours.
Putting down the telescope, Qian Shuiting put on his sunglasses again and watched with interest as Lin Hanlong demonstrated to him how to make an aspherical lens. This kind of aspherical lens is simply a drop of molten glass.
Because of surface tension, melted glass will naturally form a curved surface. If the glass blanks are of the same diameter and weight, it can be expected that the curved surfaces they form after melting will be basically the same. This method is suitable for making small diameter,
A lens with a small focal length, such as the objective lens of a microscope. Historically, Leeuwenhoek used molten glass rods as objective lenses and built more than a hundred microscopes.
His technique was lost after his death and was not rediscovered until more than a hundred years later.
Here at Linhan Trail, the blanks are cut off from the glass rods one by one. After making sure that they have the same weight, they are placed on a tin plate, and then heated and melted with a gas blowtorch. As long as the heat is controlled well, it is easy to make highly consistent products.
The product comes with a good finish. After that, it only needs a little polishing to become the finished product.
Qian Shuiting suddenly asked excitedly: "Old Lin, how about making a color-changing mirror? It will definitely be fashionable and worth wearing." He saw Lin Hanlong smiled awkwardly, and the question was too abrupt. He was busy.
Ask what's the key here.
The principle of color-changing mirrors is actually relatively simple, which is to add fine particles of silver bromide and copper oxide to the lens glass. Silver bromide decomposes into bromine and silver under strong light, and the color becomes darker. In places with weak light, oxidation
Copper catalysis makes bromine and silver recombine and become transparent. However, it is easier said than done. Currently, there is no mass-produced silver bromide in Lingao, and it is also difficult to turn solid chemicals into fine particles. Therefore, the color change mirror cannot yet be made.
.However, once the daguerreotype technology has a breakthrough, the same process can be used to produce the necessary raw materials for color lenses. At this stage, Lingao has no problem making this color sunglasses.
"If we can get natural crystals on a large scale, we can make tea-colored sunglasses and the like." Lin Hanlong remembered that many of the crystals in Donghai County were tea-colored.
Lin Hanlong said as he led Qian Shuiting to a row of wooden shelves. The wooden shelves were filled with boxes. When he opened the box, he found a pile of glass in different colors and shapes. There was a densely written form on the lid of the box.
It is full of data such as formulas and processing processes. These are all samples made based on mass-produced glass raw materials and adding various minerals that Lingaoneng can obtain.
"Oh, that's how you found the recipe?"
Lin Hanlong smiled bitterly. "No. Such a match is basically a blind man's imagination and misses the point."
He struggled with the veterans of the Ministry of Chemical Industry for almost a month, trying to prepare optical glass in small crucibles, but the final results were not good. Without quantitative analysis, not only was the color of the produced glass difficult to remove, but what was more terrible was that each batch
They were all different. In the end, I had no choice but to get the executive committee's special approval and used an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer to measure a batch of selected samples. This kind of modern analytical equipment can be described as cheating like gold.
It was a miracle. Within two hours, the precise composition of various elements in the sample was figured out. On this basis, referring to the optical glass process manual brought, the Ministry of Chemical Industry quickly came up with a decent optical glass sample. Now
We can make four or five brands of glass with relative confidence, including the most common crown glass and flint glass. However, the quantity of this batch of glass is limited, which will be a hidden worry in the future.
Looking at the stunned Qian Shuiting, Lin Hanlong further explained that in order to ensure the consistency of the product, the Ministry of Chemical Industry specially set aside twenty tons of glass raw materials. After crushing and mixing them evenly, they were sealed and reserved specifically for optical glass to determine the composition.
It was also done on samples of twenty tons of raw materials.
Nowadays, the output of ordinary glass is very large. The original ore sources have been dug out, and quartz sand produced in Changhua is now used. The quality of Changhua quartz sand is very good, but needless to say, the composition of the new product will not be exactly the same as before.
"However, when these twenty tons are used up, I estimate that it will be in the late stage of the Second Five-Year Plan." Lin Hanlong said with confidence. "When I finish this period, I will make a Bunsen spectrometer. Then I won't have to rely entirely on modern equipment.
"
After walking around the optical workshop, Qian Shuiting felt a little exhausted. Just as he was about to say goodbye, he saw Lin Hanlong slap his head, "Ah, your optical device has been repaired, and I can show it to you."
Lin Hanlong led Qian Shuiting out of the workshop, walked half a circle and walked a short distance. In front of him was a row of bungalows, but the doors and windows were closed in the summer. Lin Hanlong opened a door and motioned for Qian Shuiting to go in. Inside, there were
It was a door. Qian Shuiting noticed that the door was covered with thick insulation material. Lin Hanlong followed in, closed the door behind him, and opened the door in front.
The room was dimly lit, but there was a cool breeze blowing against my face.
"The temperature in the optical assembly workshop has been somewhat controlled," Lin Hanlong said. Some bronze pipes were luxuriously arranged on the walls.
"This is a ground-energy air conditioner. It was installed not long ago," Lin Hanlong explained on the side. The use of air supply for cooling here can no longer meet the demand. Using ice cubes will increase the humidity in the air, so the ground-energy air conditioner was specially installed.
Can be air-conditioned.
The temperature control effect of ground energy air conditioners is remarkable. It can maintain a relatively constant temperature in winter and summer without increasing the air humidity. However, it requires a large amount of copper materials. Therefore, only a few units in Lingao can install this type of air conditioners.
Temperature control during assembly is mainly to prevent unnecessary errors caused by thermal expansion and contraction. Although many optical equipment made by Lingao do not require high precision, Lin Hanlong has always believed that strict standards from the beginning will be more lax than in the future.
It's much better to tighten it again.
Qian Shuiting noticed that there were several workers in the room concentrating on operating the equipment. He said nothing and followed Lin Hanlong quietly around several work tables and walked into another room. There was no one else in this room, only a few work tables.
On the table, there were some instruments that were obviously brought by the traveling group. Lin Hanlong walked to a workbench. There was a vise on the table, holding a cylindrical object.
He stretched out his hand and flicked it, and a red spot appeared on the far wall. Lin Hanlong motioned Qian Shuiting to walk to the spot, pointed and said: "The spot is five meters away, and the error will not exceed one millimeter."
Qian Shuiting leaned over and looked at the light spot, which happened to hit the center of a small crosshair. He nodded.
Lin Hanlong walked back to the workbench, turned off the laser, took it off the vise, and handed it to Qian Shuiting. "The epoxy resin on the day before yesterday should be completely dry by now."
Qian Shuiting thanked him hurriedly. This small laser is Qian Shuixie's laser pistol sight. During training a few days ago, it accidentally fell from a height and hit a rock. The outer shell was flattened.
The laser is no longer collimated. Now the shell seems to have been completely restored and the laser seems to be very accurate.
"One thing is, this thing is heavier than before." Lin Hanlong picked up a damaged part on the table. "Your center positioning sleeve is made of engineering plastic and has cracked. I made one for you out of copper.
The effect is the same, but heavier.”
Qian Shuiting suddenly remembered, "You mean epoxy resin? Isn't that a modern product we brought?"
Lin Hanlong said.
"Yes. But this thing has an expiration date and will become useless if left alone."
Qian Shuiting took the sight, tossed it in the palm of his hand, and put it into his pocket. Then he left. Lin Hanlong On his way out of the assembly workshop, he met a naturalized migrant worker who looked at him for help. Lin Hanlong
He nodded to the worker, then opened the door and sent Qian Shuiting out.
Qian Shuiting felt that his trip was not in vain. It not only deepened his friendship among the technical geeks, but also gained a deeper understanding of the field of optics. He said to Lin Hanlong with great ambition: "Old Lin! I believe that everyone respects me and choose me as the leader.
To be honest, even though I have been elected, I have no confidence in this speaker. But since I, Qian, have become elected, I will do something for everyone. Don’t worry, I will take action in the near future to help us.
Front-line veterans speak out and let everyone see the importance of us people."
Lin Hanzhao nodded. "Then just wait for the good news."
After sending Qian Shuiting away, Lin Hanlong returned to the assembly workshop. The worker who asked for help was operating a knife-edge instrument to inspect the newly ground lenses, and it seemed that he was not sure about the results.
Lin Hanlong sat down and looked at the knife edge, reached out and turned the turntable in front of the knife edge, looked at it again, and then pulled the knife edge left and right.
"Yours is a virtual light. The hole is too big and the reflection is too strong, so it looks bright and covers up the real image." Lin Hanlong raised his head and looked at the worker. "Adjust it like this and change it to a smaller pinhole.
You can see it.”
Seeing the workers who seemed to understand but were submissive, Lin Hanlong sighed secretly in his heart.
Originally, he wanted to go on to explain the principle of the knife-edge instrument, but no matter how he explained it, it seemed impossible to make workers who had spent their whole lives holding hoes and were still taking adult literacy classes understand the principles of physical optics. The only way was to let them practice it in practice.
I slowly accumulate experience and hope to make fewer stupid mistakes in the future.
Lin Hanlong waited for a while, watching the indigenous workers operate, and then walked away after confirming that the other party had taken over. He walked to the other end of the room, where someone was assembling the telescope. He stood behind the assembler for a while,
Then he patted his shoulder to indicate that he would get out of the way. He sat down and took a look at the starlight mirror placed in the distance. The brightness of the sodium gas lamp was very good, and there was no problem with the light spots coming out of the starlight mirror.
The telescope lens has been fixed on the brass mounting ring with glue. He stretched out his hand to turn the ring and carefully observed the light spots refracted from the lens. After turning a few times, he turned back and asked the assembler: "You
What do you think?"
"Report to the boss! I think this side needs to be sharpened again!" The middle-aged assembler reached out from the side and pointed to a marked spot on the ring.
Lin Hanlong hummed and nodded and asked him to continue working. Nowadays, there is a lack of precision processing methods that can be mass-produced, and there are no easy-to-use adhesives or adjustment screws. The only way to do optical assembly is to grind and assemble. In other words, through a hammer
, whetstones and sandpaper to trim the mechanical parts for installation to achieve the best possible precision. Needless to say, this is inefficient and the parts are not interchangeable, but it is better than other worlds that are still exploring optical principles.
The place is many times stronger.
After coming out of the assembly workshop, Lin Hanlong returned to his office to drink a few sips of tea, and then went out to inspect the workshop a few times. Time passed quickly, and it was already midnight in the evening. It was time to take a break and have "lunch"
Lin Hanlong whispered a few words to his apprentice, who hurried to the workshop supervisor on duty and bit his ear. Lin Hanlong stood next to a grinding machine and took out his watch.
Dang, dang, dang, dang, the sudden ringing of bells in the workshop was the workshop supervisor ringing the emergency bell. Different bells represent different meanings, and two short beeps are fire alarms.
The workers in the workshop whispered to each other. Fire alarm! It's a fire alarm! Everyone pulled the parking wrench of the machine, and after a quick inventory, they started to walk out. Lin Hanlong stopped the worker who wanted to turn off the grinding machine.
"This is a drill. Don't move this machine, let it run." The worker agreed, bowed and went out.
Within a minute, all the machinery and equipment in the workshop stopped, and people started walking around. The workshop supervisor led two people around the workshop, and finally walked to Lin Hanlong.
"Chief! Everyone has finished leaving, and everything has been checked according to the regulations. Everything is in order!"
Lin Hanlong nodded with satisfaction: "One minute and twenty seconds, not bad. Go out and count the heads."
All the indigenous workers have lined up outside the workshop. Each team leader on duty reported the number of workers to the supervisor, who in turn reported to Lin Hanlong that all workers were present.
Lin Hanlong waved his hand: "You did a good job today. Let's eat."
There were already several people waiting outside the workshop door carrying food boxes and two sets of burdens. They all had bamboo passes hanging on ropes around their necks. When Lin Hanlong gave way to the meal, they immediately unloaded a pair of burdens. On one side of the burden was a
On the other side of the big rice bucket were two layers of smaller vegetable buckets, stacked like steamers. They set up a small wooden table, put the vegetable buckets on the table, and put the rice bucket aside, rice spoons, vegetable spoons, etc.
It was also placed on the table. Another set of burdens was also removed and placed. On one side was a bucket of soup, and on the other side there were layers of small drawers like tool cabinets in later generations. All tableware that comes into direct contact with food are tinware or
Made of galvanized iron and equipped with a cover to ensure adequate hygiene.!