Due to the extremely urgent demand for refractory equipment from all sides, the refractory equipment plant launched trial production under the slogan of "production while construction". **《》》*
Limited by the technical level and production capacity of the chemical industry, from the first batch of black powder was officially produced in 1629 to the beginning of 1631, the Senate's gunpowder types only increased by three types: maroon gunpowder, nitrified gunpowder
Glycerin and mercury fulminate. Maroon gunpowder has only recently been put into production and is used as propellant for the increasing number of forts and large-caliber artillery used by the navy. Maroon gunpowder burns slowly and is not easy to explode when used as propellant for heavy artillery.
chamber.
Generally speaking, the Senate's firearms industry has a complete range of products: gun propellants, explosives, and explosives. Although the technical level is not high, it can generally meet the current needs.
The biggest problem is that there is a large gap in the nitroglycerin that is in great demand for military and civilian use. Currently, the only nitroglycerin that they can mass-produce is nitroglycerin that is passivated by diatomaceous earth - Dynamate*
*.
Because nitroglycerin itself requires a glycerin industry of sufficient scale, and the glycerin industry needs a grease industry of sufficient scale to support it. Moreover, the texture of glycerol needs to be quite pure - the chemical industry of the Industrial Energy Commission mainly produces glycerin through saponification method, which has a lot of impurities.
Limiting production capacity. Therefore, so far, Dynamite has only been used in small quantities in civil engineering projects. Black powder is widely used in the military to load artillery shells and grenades.
Although some people think that there is no problem in using Dynamite gun to load grenades - it was very common in the old time to use Dynamite gun to load mines. The problem is that Dynamite gun cannot be used to load artillery shells. Artillery shells
The g-force during launch is as high as thousands, and the Dynamite gun will inevitably cause the chamber to explode.
The explosive velocity of black powder is too low, there is a lot of residue, and the sensitivity is high. As a propellant for Mini rifles, it is just fine. As a military gun, it is really difficult. Engineers from the Works and Energy Commission have been trying to find a suitable propellant.
Alternatives to replace black powder's dominant position.
The requirements are that the manufacturing process is as simple as possible, the supply of raw materials is sufficient, the power is sufficient, it has a certain degree of safety, and it can be used to load artillery shells.
In response to this requirement, personnel from the chemical industry department and the military industry department proposed two plans: one is to use phenol, a by-product of the coal coking plant, to produce picric acid, and the other is a black powder power multiplication process.
The process of picric acid is relatively simple. In the history of old time and space, the British synthesized it in 1771. Phenol is sulfonated with concentrated sulfuric acid or sodium sulfite, and finally nitrated with concentrated nitric acid. The difficulty is the preparation of phenol. If there is no coal coking
For industry, they have to use lipolysis process or wood tar refining. They now have a ready-made coal tar industry, which can provide phenol quite stably. Then making picric acid is a relatively easy task.
The picric acid production work code is Project 0017 - because of the production process proposed by Xu Yingjie, the final yield was 17%.
Another project besides picric acid is the black powder power doubling plan. This was proposed by Lin Shenhe. Simply put, it is to improve the processing methods to double the power of black powder, so that it can temporarily replace part of the explosives.
Lin Shenhe's current workplace is in an earth-and-stone fence at the coal mine. The fence is only over one meter high. A circle of wicker fences has been planted on the fence, and seven or eight reform-through-labor prisoners are filling the middle with stones. Around the fence are
Surrounded by artificial forests and natural woods planted by the Forestry Department, it is extremely secluded. From the outside, it is just a forest. An inconspicuous dirt road winds up to the fence. There is a ditch on the side of the path, and there is a building at the end of each bend.
Mounds of earth are used to block debris and shock waves during evacuation. This path is only used for walking. There is also a simple railway under construction for transportation. For the time being, only hand-cranked rail cars and ox-drawn rail cars can be used. This fence
The official name is the First Research Center of the Specialty Chemical Industry Complex. The project hosted by Lin Shenhe is code-named Project 2300.
He was wearing a black cotton overalls at the moment, nervously watching several workers unloading an inconspicuous machine from the rail car.
The machine was not big and was simply wrapped in waterproof canvas. The workers carried it to the laboratory. Jiang Ye, who was responsible for installing and debugging the machinery, jumped out of the car.
The two exchanged brief greetings and then entered the dedicated laboratory of the research center together.
The laboratory is surrounded by thick concrete walls, and there are sandbags inside and outside the walls. The ceiling is a wooden lightweight structure, which is equivalent to a pressure relief board. Outside the room, there are two deep explosion-proof ditches-if the people in the laboratory
If you can escape in time, you can jump in and take refuge.
The laboratory is empty, except for the concrete base used to install the machine. There are only a few tanks of different sizes. The lighting is natural light from the skylight on the roof. In order to reduce the temperature caused by sunlight, the glass is
It was covered with a layer of black sunshade net. Rows of copper "radiators" were installed on the walls of the house and under the floor, but the cold was overwhelming - the homemade alcohol thermometer showed that the temperature in the room was only 12 degrees Celsius. The heating
What flows in the film is not steam but water cooled by a mixture of ice and salt. Because fireworks are strictly prohibited, their best refrigeration equipment, gas air conditioners, cannot be used, and the cooling effect of ground energy air conditioners may not be satisfactory. So they used this
A forced cooling effect.
"It's cold enough-" Jiang Ye was sweating profusely and wearing a short-sleeved undershirt. He immediately shivered when he walked in.
Lin Shenhe gave him a coat: "Put it on, the temperature here must be kept low for safe production."
The canvas was untied, and inside was an unremarkable machine. If someone knew a little bit about mechanical equipment, they could tell at a glance that this was a hydraulic screw press.
"Made according to your requirements." Jiang Ye introduced while instructing the workers to install it. "It is a hydraulic screw type, with a simple structure and a stable stroke. It can be rotated and pressurized stably by hand. It fully meets the technical requirements you proposed.
The mold, press head and other places where friction may occur are made of brass to avoid sparks."
Lin Shenhe circled the machine several times: "You have to ensure that it fully meets the technical requirements, otherwise I will be wiped out as soon as work starts tomorrow..."
Jiang Ye knew that when it comes to fire, people work with their heads, and there is absolutely no exaggeration.
"Don't worry, we made it exactly according to the technical information you gave us. From the manufacturing of parts to the assembly of the machine, it was all done by the veterans themselves, and we didn't dare to let naturalized civilians do it."
Lin Shenhe nodded. He was still a little worried. His process was not difficult, but it had high requirements on the surrounding environment: the ambient humidity should not be less than 60%, and the temperature should not be higher than 20 degrees. Otherwise, it would cause an explosion.
——No matter how weak the power of black powder is, it can still kill and injure a large number of people in such a room.
He has roughly solved the temperature problem with water air conditioners. Humidity - the humidity in Lingao is very high in summer, sometimes reaching more than 90%. Even so, he also ordered an air humidifier from a machinery factory and used it when necessary.
to humidify. He also specially prepared a naturalized citizen to monitor the thermometer and hygrometer.
Jiang Ye was a little curious: "You are so mysterious, what kind of magic are you trying to do? 'Black gunpowder is twice as powerful', are you planning to mix it with nitroglycerin?"
"Black gunpowder mixed with nitroglycerine is used for suicide." Lin Shenhe said, "I will use black gunpowder without adding anything else."
"What method was used?" Jiang Ye's curiosity became even greater.
"You should always know that the greater the density of gunpowder in space, the more powerful it will be when it explodes." Lin Shenhe said, "The power multiplication of black gunpowder is based on this principle - to increase the density of black gunpowder as much as possible."
The specific name of Project 2300 is black powder high-energy charging technology. Lin Shenhe had always kept this technology secret before - he himself was not very sure about it. After D-Day, as the head of the military industry department, he used experiments in private
After conducting several small-scale tests on the equipment and raw materials of the laboratory, and conducting actual combat tests using the public security warfare mission in Danzhou, the plan was formally proposed after deeming that there were no problems.
Simply put, black powder high-energy charging technology is to press high-quality powdered black powder into a black powder column using a low-temperature wet pressing process to create a high-density black powder column. Due to its extremely high density, this column has been
It cannot be detonated by traditional ignition method, and a special detonator must be used, which greatly improves safety.
In terms of power, the low-temperature wet pressing method is used to suppress the black powder column, which can increase the filling density to more than 2.3g3. This high-density column needs to be detonated using a detonator, and the detonation speed can reach more than 2600ms. The traditional filling method of black powder filling
The density is not higher than 1.7g3, and the detonation speed is not higher than 800ms - in fact, black powder deflagrates rather than explodes. In terms of power, it is no longer doubled - this method of pressing the powder column can increase the explosive power of equal weight black powder
More than 60%. In terms of explosion speed, it is equivalent to 39% of TNT and 36% of the effectiveness of picric acid.
Lin Shenhe is very clear about what this effect means: that is to say, there is no need to spend a lot of resources to click new technology points on the technology tree, but directly "upgrade" the black gunpowder to double the power.
.The economy is far better than that of Project 0017. This is very attractive to the Planning Institute and the Executive Committee.
To make picric acid, it means that a large amount of phenol is needed, a new production workshop needs to be built, and additional sulfuric acid and nitric acid are needed. The power of black powder is doubled, and only a few machines are simply added. The original stock of black powder can be