The next morning, Ge Xinxin came to the laboratory. She took off the dried glass plate and brought it back to the office, comparing it with the photos stored in the back one by one.
"This one, um, is too dark. Oh, it's really inverse and looks really troublesome. Forget it, let's deal with it."
She took out her macpro, inverted the colors of the photos in the memory card in photoshop, and compared the dark and bright details with the negative. After repeated comparisons, she found that the exposure of the negative obtained by the shutter speed of 1/25 and the exposure of the digital negative obtained by the shutter of 1/100
The closest, the 1/12 shutter negative is the closest to the 1/50 digital negative.
"Very good, 12, that's it for this batch." Recording the number in the small notebook at hand, Ge Xinxin closed the computer and locked it.
Ge Xinxin has been busy outside for several days. She has made several trips to the Machinery Factory directly under the industrial port. Although she has received approval from the Planning Institute, she still did not get the hydrogen-oxygen welding machine she applied for immediately - this thing has not been successfully trial-produced until now.
, not many units were manufactured in total. The industrial department itself argued endlessly about how to distribute them. It was obviously impossible to get one to the laboratory immediately. The answer given to her by the machinery factory was to queue up to get the number.
"Then what number do I have to line up?"
"Number 13." Zhan Wuya, who was covered in oil and stains, picked up one of the piles of wooden folders scattered on the table and looked at it.
"That's so unlucky." Ge Xinxin said, "Can you make it one day earlier?"
"Then let's take the 14th." Zhan Wuya smiled slightly, "The 14th is also unlucky. If it's auspicious, you can choose the 16th and the 18th."
"No, no, I'll stick to the 13th." Ge Xinxin smiled a little regretfully, "How many days will it take?"
Zhan Wuya looked at the "Production Plan Summary" on the wall and said, "Let's be optimistic about another six months."
"Six months!"
"Almost six months." Zhan Wuya said, "This thing requires direct current. We can't make a qualified transformer at the moment, so we can only install a generator for every place where a hydrogen-oxygen welding machine is going to be used.
machine……"
"Okay, but you have to deliver the goods to my door."
"Of course, I don't dare to let you use it directly, otherwise it will burn down the laboratory, and the two seasons will have to come to me for help. Delivery and installation are included..." Zhan Wuya casually wrote a numbering list and stuffed it into
Asked Ge Xinxin, "I will send someone to install it when it is ready. Do you know how to use this thing?"
"will use--"
"I dare say that you won't be able to use the version we built - the overcoming difficulty version. Don't use the standards of the old time and space to treat the equipment of this time and space. Safety first." Zhan Wuya felt a little worried.
Ge Xinxin came back in vain, but the experiment waited for no one. Since the hydrogen-oxygen welding machine could not be solved for a while, the hydrogen-oxygen flame was out of the question, so she had to settle for the next best thing and use the Bunsen burner. Anyway, it was Bunsen’s first observation.
This is what I use when doing spectroscopy.
Ge Xinxin spent a long time working on the project, just to develop aes: atomic emission spectroscopy at the industrial level that the Senate is currently and will be able to achieve.
The so-called atomic emission spectroscopy is to use the atomic or ion emission characteristic spectrum of each element under thermal or electrical excitation to determine the composition of the substance, and to perform elemental identification and quantitative analysis. It can analyze about 70 kinds of metals
and non-metallic elements. This method can be effectively used to measure high, medium and low content elements. It is of extremely important significance to metallurgy, chemical industry and materials science. It can be said that once this technology is mastered, it will be useful for clinical applications.
For a high-tech industrial system, there will be a qualitative leap.
The purpose of establishing various heavy industry central laboratories is to provide quantitative and qualitative analysis services for raw materials, melt samples and finished products in the metallurgy, cement, chemical and other industries in the Lingao heavy industry system. The main methods are chemical and physical analysis.
The analysis results that this kind of analysis method can provide are relatively simple. Ge Xinxin’s intention is to use this project to conduct micro and semi-micro quantitative analysis in batches. Whether it is optical glass materials or metallurgy, there is no need to expect whether constant analysis can detect a certain
The composition is directly measured. It plays a vital role in some of the most critical industries in the current Senate industrial system that need breakthroughs: alloy materials, special steel, and optical glass.
Currently, the Ministry of Science and Technology has a batch of CCD spectrometers, including small equipment such as fiber optic spectrometers produced by Ocean Optics. Some are not much bigger than a mobile phone and are equipped with specialized suites for rock ore and metallurgical analysis.
Although the professional equipment brought by the Japanese government can be called "artifacts" in terms of performance, Ge Xinxin decided to rebuild the system entirely by her own means. Otherwise, once the equipment is damaged, this link may be "lost" for a long time. This pair needs to be supplemented
In many aspects of the Senate's industrial system, the losses are too great, and the amount of equipment brought is limited. The industrial scale of the Senate is constantly expanding, and it is impossible to equip these rare and valuable equipment everywhere.
Two days later, two soldiers from the security battalion sent her a small wooden box marked "Confidential, Personally Attested". She opened the box and found a Bunsen burner inside.
The Bunsen burner uses a gas fuel that is very mature in the current Lingao industrial system. The heavy industry central laboratory is specially equipped with a gas station, which uses pipelines to supply gas to the entire experimental building, which is very convenient to use.
Bunsen burners are not difficult to make, so machinery factories have long produced this kind of heating tool that can produce high temperatures and is commonly used in laboratories. In addition to the appearance, the products manufactured by Lingao are similar to the general Bunsen burners used in laboratories.
There is no difference between the lamps. They can reach a high temperature of 900C in the outer flame.
However, the ready-made Bunsen burner cannot be used directly. When Bunsen originally tested the spectrum, he mainly used metal salt compounds. He dipped a platinum wire into it and burned it directly with a flame for observation. This method is relatively primitive, and Ge Xinxin wants to use it.
The best is the atomization method - this kind of observation results are more accurate.
The atomization method is to connect the sample solution digested with nitric acid or aqua regia to the hydrogen-oxygen flame nozzle through a thin tube, and use the negative pressure of the air flow to inhale and atomize it. The atomized sample is excited in the flame
Light. Now that she does not have a hydrogen-oxygen welding machine, she first modified a Bunsen burner as a substitute. The Bunsen burner in a wooden box was sent to the machinery factory a few days ago for modification: a wire was connected to the nozzle.
A thin tube is used to draw sample solution into the nozzle.
Ge Xinxin carefully took out some equipment from the laboratory's vault. These were controlled materials obtained from the Planning Institute's warehouse. She put on pure cotton knitted gloves and carefully loaded the equipment that she had ordered from the machinery factory a few days ago.
on a custom equipment rack.
There is a convex lens and two boxes of gratings: one box of diffraction gratings and one box of reflection gratings. This fragile item cannot be made in Lingao for a long time and must be used with care.
However, as long as it is carefully maintained and used carefully, it will not be a problem for decades.
The detection light path she designed is Bunsen burner - convex lens - slit - grating - slit - cassette - plate.
Before that, she had done a series of preparatory work. First, she took the recrystallized and purified sodium ferrocyanide and sodium chloride, and crushed the complete and flawless crystals to prepare a solution with a concentration of 0.1m-10^-8m.
solution.
The so-called sodium ferrocyanide is sodium ferrocyanide, also called yellow sodium salt, yellow sodium. It is a light yellow crystal. This thing is intended to be used as a basic reagent. The reason for choosing this compound is because
This is a compound that can be supplied in batches by the Senate Chemical Industry. It is a calcium ferrocyanide solution produced by co-heating waste oxides from gas plants with lime, adding boiled salt solution and then co-heating it with sodium carbonate solution.
It is produced by heating, concentrating and crystallizing.
After lighting the Bunsen burner, extend the thin tube installed on the lamp into the pure water. The pure water used in the laboratory is laboratory-use secondary water prepared by multiple distillations using quartz vessels in the reagent room. It can be used as needed.
Ge Xinxin then opened the 1st, 4th, and 7th slits and exposed them for 10 minutes to capture the spectrum of the blank solution.
Then she changed the solution to 0.1 mol/l sodium ferrocyanide, opened the 2nd, 5th, and 8th slits, and exposed for 5 minutes to photograph the spectrum excited by the sodium ferrocyanide solution. Replaced it with pure water.
Rinse the straw with pure water for 2 minutes.
Then change the solution to 0.1 mol/l sodium chloride, open the 3rd, 6th, and 9th slits, and expose for 5 minutes to capture the sodium chloride spectrum. Change to pure water and rinse the thin tube with pure water for 2 minutes.
Shake the plate upward 2cm, take a photo of the spectrum of 10^-2 touch l/l sodium chloride, and similarly capture the spectrum of 10^-8 touch l/l, as well as the unknown concentration (~10^-3 touch l/l).
nacl.
After the filming was completed, Ge Xinxin packed up the experimental equipment - she did not dare to leave the grating to the trainee experimenter. She removed the film box, closed the curtains, lit the red paper flashlight, and took out the processing equipment prepared a few days ago.
Use developer and fixer to develop and fix the glass substrate.
After obtaining the raster photo, project it on an enlarger and overlap it with the standard ferrogram printed in advance.
By comparing the na spectrum with the standard iron spectrum, locate each wavelength of the standard iron spectrum. And subtract the corresponding backgrounds of pure water and sodium chloride. Then search the relevant tables and compare the seventh to ninth levels of na spectral lines of various concentrations of nacl.
Grayscale, obtain the line range of the glass plate. And estimate the concentration of the unknown concentration solution.
Use agno3 to titrate cl-, determine the nacl concentration, and compare it with semi-quantitative estimation through aes. If you find that the difference is not significant, you can use it.
After completing the full set of experiments, Ge Xinxin was quite satisfied with the results. Next, she planned to use a CCD spectrometer to compare and calibrate today's experimental results. However, generally speaking, the spectrographic atomic emission spectrum can be regarded as a successful development. In the 17th century
The black technology is half successful. (To be continued.)