Although the modern fishing boats owned by the time travelers have absolute advantages in reconnaissance capabilities, protection, speed and maneuverability, their firepower is very weak. If instead of three pirate ships coming this time, there are thirty, Yu No. 1 may be able to fight alone.
It's hard to find good fruits to eat, and the several pirate bosses on the Fujian and Guangdong seas each have the strength of at least three to four hundred ships. As for the entire Bopu Port, the scope of activities of the travelers and various facilities have been
Far beyond the scope of the Bobu camp, more than two hundred travelers and club members were scattered in an extremely wide space, almost completely undefended.
To sum it up: not only the navy must be upgraded, but also the port fortification of Bobu Port must be put on the agenda as a precaution. The staff’s suggestions include: building forts; mass manufacturing of artillery that is no less than the level of 1800.
; Produce and reserve ammunition; establish a coastal guard fleet - this fleet will mainly be composed of motor and sailboats to save the overhaul life of fishing boats. The time traveler will not be able to overhaul such boats in 5 to 10 years. Even the bottom of the boat
Simple maintenance like paint cannot be achieved. It is not that there is no material, but that it cannot achieve the anti-rust and toxicity effects of modern ship bottom paint.
The task of making cannons was assigned to the mechanical team of the industrial department. This pair of mechanical madmen was like a shot of stimulant. They spent many days just making small hardware parts, and even the mechanical crossbows were full-scale.
Wooden structure. Now we can finally produce cannons, and they are all very energetic. In the workshop of the machinery factory, there is a constant stream of artillery enthusiasts from all walks of life, and they have come up with various plans. The basic styles are basically concentrated on three types of artillery: 12
92-pound mountain howitzer; the 92 infantry gun that is light and flexible, small and versatile; and the mortar that conquers the world. Everyone has added different functions and improvements to these guns according to their own hobbies.
A large amount of steel is needed to make cannons. Deng Yingzhou has transported two batches of pig iron ingots and a small amount of wrought iron from Guangzhou, totaling 50 tons, and also transported 20 tons of urgently needed coal. This can roughly meet the initial large-scale steelmaking needs.
Needed.
The converter steelmaking method used by time travellers. In the 21st century, small converter steelmaking is a backward industry that has been explicitly eliminated by the state, but it is a truly advanced industry here. This industry is located in the Bobu Port Area.
We chose Bopu because the steel complex in Lingao is an enterprise that needs to import all its raw materials. Large quantities of coal and iron ore brought by ships can be used nearby. The current steelmaking workshop is just a large brick-column shed.
, four small converters and an iron furnace are lined up on the hardened floor.
Ji Wusheng, the head of the metallurgical department, used to be a steelworker. Although he had never done steelmaking in a small converter, he still understood the principles. After the d day, he had made several furnaces of steel, proving that it was possible to use charcoal and local pig iron products.
Steel is made from steel. The disadvantage is that it is difficult to control the proportion of materials, so the steel that can be produced every time depends entirely on luck. In addition, the energy consumption of the metallurgical department is so large that when steel is made alone, two blowers have to be placed close to each other.
All electricity-consuming departments have stopped.
The metallurgical team uses a converter side-blowing method to make iron based on the pig iron composition tested. Using the converter side-blowing method, a certain proportion of wrought iron must be added. The proportion is approximately 76% pig iron, 24% wrought iron, and a very small amount is required.
The role of the sand is to create acidic slag and absorb the phosphorus contained in the pig iron.
After discovering the refractory materials on the property, the metallurgical team has built an iron melting furnace. This round iron melting furnace is not large, but much more complicated than a converter. Because the converter requires the molten iron coming out of the iron melting furnace to reach 1380 degrees Celsius.
.This temperature is difficult to reach with ordinary fuels. Before there was a regenerator, the highest temperature that could be achieved artificially was 1250 degrees Celsius.
To reach this temperature, the cold blast must be replaced by a hot blast. This is the so-called "regenerator". The concept of hot blast was invented by Nelson, an Englishman, and was applied to the Glasgow Iron Works in 1829.
The technical level of the regenerator used by the metallurgical group is roughly the same as that of the British steel plant in 1850. It uses a cast iron tubular hot blast furnace. The cold blast flows from the upper branch of the blast pipe main pipe to each heating furnace and passes through the furnace.
The arched cast iron pipe on the top enters the pipe on the other side of the heat exchange chamber, and then enters the tuyere of the iron furnace. The entire device is sealed in a thick arched heating furnace built with bricks and refractory materials to preserve
And reflect as much heat as possible. After the blast is directly heated, the temperature can rise to 300 degrees Celsius, which is enough to melt lead. However, this temperature is not satisfactory to the metallurgical team. Another measure adopted is exhaust gas heating, which is heated from the top of the iron melting furnace.
Use ceramic pipes to guide the waste gas from the iron-making furnace, enter the regenerative furnace from the top, and then discharge it from the waste gas port at the bottom.
A large amount of gas is produced in an iron furnace that uses coal or coke. For centuries, this gas has been basically discharged from the top of the furnace. The blazing flames when the gas burns are very spectacular at night, but it is a serious waste of energy.
and polluting the environment, so in 1832, an ironworks in Baden, Germany, first piped gas to a regenerative furnace for heating. Various techniques eventually raised the hot air to over 500 degrees Celsius.
Without a regenerative furnace, it is possible to make iron or steel, but the production efficiency is completely incomparable. According to British calculations, early regenerative furnaces increased the air supply to more than 300 degrees Celsius, which required the same amount of fuel.
The iron output is increased by 3 times compared with cold blast.
High-temperature hot air will cause damage to the air supply vent of the iron melting furnace, which must be protected. The technical level of the time-travelers is enough to overcome this problem. They easily copied the Scottish air vent invented by Condi of the Scottish Iron Works. This vent has a
A wrought iron coiled pipe is embedded in a cast iron tapered pipe. Both ends protrude from the bottom of the tapered sleeve, one on each side. Water flows in from one end of the extended pipe, all the way to the narrow end of the air outlet. The water is in
It goes around the coil and finally flows out through the pipe extending on the opposite side.
With this iron melting furnace, the metallurgical team can successfully produce steel in several small-scale steelmaking operations. The next step is coking.
The early traversers used charcoal, but coke is still the most ideal fuel. The significance of coal coking is not only to provide high-quality fuel for the steel industry, but also the various by-products obtained during the coking process are important raw materials in the chemical industry.
A complete set of coal coking equipment was shipped here. Not only can it make coking, but it can also use its by-products to produce more than 20 important chemical products. Including gasoline, diesel, asphalt, phenol, toluene, crude benzene, sulfuric acid, and various solvents
Oil, lubricating oil and paraffin. It can be said that once the coal coking complex is put into operation, Chuanzhong's chemical industry level will make a qualitative leap.
However, like all complete sets of equipment, installation is very difficult. Even though the manufacturer has been trained in advance and a large number of drawings, installation manuals and special equipment have been prepared, the progress is still slow in the hands of a group of installers who have become amateurs. Moreover, this system
It is a continuous operation type and cannot be started or stopped. One time feeding requires hundreds of tons of coal. The current total coal reserves of the traverser are only 20 tons. Therefore, the metallurgical team can only use simple home-made coking methods.
There are many methods of local coking. The simplest is the open-air method of stacking. 2 to 4 tons of coal are piled in a semicircle on the ground. The diameter of the bottom is 3 to 4 meters. The top is covered with straw to start a fire. It can be done in 4 to 5 days.
The coke is formed, and the coke formation rate is only 50%. This method was also used in the era of large-scale steelmaking, causing extremely serious waste of resources and environmental pollution. Travelers can ignore environmental issues, but coal tar is an important raw material in the chemical industry.
Don't waste it casually.
Luo Duo once again found an improved plan from the computer's technology resource library, using the Kailuan round furnace for coking production. The Kailuan furnace has three different specifications, and the number of feeds each time ranges from 55 tons to 260 tons.
The 55-ton furnace has the best price/performance ratio and is in line with the current situation of traversers having limited coal in the primary stage.
The building materials are also very simple. Except for a few parts that require iron sheets, the basic materials are bricks and refractory bricks. The entire coking process takes about 12 days, and the coking rate is 75%. This furnace can use the gas generated by coking to heat the coke oven.
At the same time, a part of the coal tar can be recovered. After cooling with water, the recovered tar is collected in clay pots and prepared to be used as chemical raw materials in the future.
Finally, the coke and pig iron were ready. Ji Wusheng summoned the steel-making workers. These travelers who had recently changed careers put on asbestos protective clothing and gloves, as well as special hats and color-changing goggles. He put together a few key points
I reiterated it to people at various operating positions: First, the air volume must be adjusted evenly, and cannot be too large or too small. Secondly, when the molten iron is poured into the furnace, it cannot be higher than the tuyere, otherwise the tuyere will be blocked, and finally the molten iron is poured.
The amount should not exceed one-sixth of the converter cavity at a time.
The two blowers began to operate at the same time. One blew the iron furnace, gradually raising the temperature to over 1,300 degrees. The pig iron ingots had been completely melted. At this time, Ji Wusheng directed the workers to put in 0.4% baking soda for desulfurization.
At the same time, the converter is preheating. According to requirements, the entire converter must be preheated to 1000 degrees Celsius to reduce the temperature loss after the molten iron enters.
When the optical thermometer shows that the temperature of the molten iron in the iron furnace has reached 1380 degrees, the molten iron is poured into the converter to start blowing. At this time, the wind pressure of the blower is maintained at 0.07 to 0.12 atmospheres. The molten iron is driven by the high-temperature hot air.
The temperature continued to rise under the motion. Ji Wusheng stared closely at the tongue of fire in the furnace, one by one, iron flowers continued to appear. The tongue of fire was red and yellow, then yellow-white-white, and finally completely white. This
This shows that the furnace temperature is constantly rising.
The blowing lasted for almost ten minutes. The density of the star-shaped carbon flowers continued to increase, and the bright white flame tongues changed from short to long. At this time, the burning of carbon reached its peak.
When Ji Wusheng saw that the flame tongues began to shorten and the carbon flowers became sparse, he knew that the remaining carbon content in the molten iron was beginning to approach the content of steel. He raised and lowered the rocker rod once or twice to see if there was more.
Carbon flowers burst out. When they saw that there was no sudden increase in carbon flowers, they ordered the wind to be turned off.
Subsequently, the workers removed the furnace cover and air duct, began to break and remove slag, and finally poured. The molding sand is 90% yellow sand, 5% clay and 5% white mud. After casting, the steel ingot is formed.
As for whether this steel ingot is high carbon, medium carbon or low carbon, Ji Wusheng cannot control it for the time being. Every time a furnace is produced, a test must be done to determine what kind of steel it is.