"The punched card computer system includes the three most basic components, or in other words, these three devices can constitute the simplest punched card computer system. They are the punching machine, the sorting machine and the tabulating machine. According to the question
Depending on the complexity, multiple devices of the same type can also be used in combination to flexibly respond to various business needs.
"It is worth noting that the hole rolling machine is actually equivalent to the input structure of a general-purpose computer. The punch card itself is the main memory. The computing parts of the sorting machine and tabulating machine are equivalent to the arithmetic and logic components of the general-purpose computer. The wiring structure is equivalent to the instruction register.
and controller, while the printing part of the tabulating machine is equivalent to the output structure. The architecture of future general-purpose computers has already taken its prototype in the basic composition of the punched card computer system.
"Compared to hand-cranked calculators, the functions of each basic device of punched card computers are relatively single and the design is relatively simple. As our power equipment manufacturing technology continues to advance, the author believes that the development of electromechanical computer systems will be directly launched and
Development is feasible. After all, when this type of computer system reached its peak, it only involved about a thousand wiring holes at most. For early applications, the wiring/programming process is easier, and under current technology, it can be done with a simple circuit board
It is feasible to realize the control mechanism in the form of a special system that is not programmable, such as a census system. As for the card reading system, it is only the simplest brush-cylinder structure. This structure was developed as early as the beginning of the 20th century.
Replaced the mercury-probe structure that existed when punched card computers first appeared 10 years ago.
"Of course, punched card computer systems also include statistical calculation components such as addition and subtraction. Even in later designs, multiplication and division were also included in the calculation components. The calculation components of these electromechanical punch card computers often use relays and other methods to store values and perform operations.
Calculation, the internal structure is quite different from that of a hand-cranked calculator. The development of this type of computing components does not require high mechanical design and material strength, but it poses certain challenges to the Senate's weak current technology development level."
After the article was published, it goes without saying that another controversy arose in the "technical community". The computer group immediately wrote an article opposing the project. However, due to the dispute, the group split into the tube fundamentalist group and the transistor innovation group.
The two sides started to fight each other, and the criticism of electromechanical computers suddenly stopped.
Feng Nuo readily signed his name on the "Application Form for the Use of Level 1 Controlled Materials" brought by Dr. Zhong and handed it back. Then he casually chatted about punch card computers.
"You've been making quite a move recently. I've read several articles, and the information is detailed and reasonable. But you're trying to steal from the hand-cranked computer project, and those people won't be happy." Zhong Lizhi took Feng Nuo's hand.
"Punched Card Computer" was found in the data center, he frowned and said.
"I don't have the ability to work on this project alone. Even if the project is launched, I have to get the mechanical and electrical people to work together. I will only play the role of a staff member." Feng Nuo said modestly. He knew the focus of the Second Five-Year Plan.
Among those supported, the Ministry of Culture, Science and Technology has a relatively large say in the project of precision instruments and equipment, and Dr. Zhong, as the head of the Ministry of Science and Technology, is still very influential. Some projects are even undertaken by Dr. Zhong himself.
At present, these projects have not been formally established. Under the spiritual guidance of the Third Plenary Session of the Senate, the degree of formalization, or bureaucracy, of various affairs is increasing day by day.
Those passed by the plenary session are just an "outline". Then, the Planning Institute will convene senior officials from the industry, science and technology, medical and other ministries to write "guidelines" based on the "outline". After the "guidelines" are released, each project team will have to
I started writing the "application". There is no condition for anonymous review of the "application" - after all, there are too few people. In most fields, whether it is an "outline", a "guide" or an "application", it is probably
It was written by the same veteran. Moreover, the current technology tree climbing is based on playing games according to the guide and acting in movies according to the script. There is no problem of evaluating innovation and feasibility. Therefore, the review process is eliminated, and the "application" is more like an
There is no document for R&D and manufacturing plans, but project team members and seniors from similar subject groups always sit together to discuss with each other. Although the efficiency is relatively low, it can still be regarded as brainstorming.
The last step is budget and material coordination between the Ministry of Finance and the Planning Institute. At this stage, each department usually divides the cake and reports it according to the total number. The Ministry of Finance and Finance is just a formality, but the Planning Institute has a lot of control over materials.
Wrangling.
The budget is not divided into items. The elders do not need to travel for meetings at all, so most of the budget covers actual materials, energy, equipment and testing expenses. The labor can be directly used by naturalized citizens or even indigenous people of the supporting unit, which is a artificial Filipino servant
.
However, what is special this time is that the Planning Institute dedicated a small budget to experimentally encourage naturalized technical workers, research assistants, students, and apprentices in factories, laboratories, hospitals, and schools to carry out technological improvements and innovations.
Use. Submit to the competent ministries and commissions through a combination of personal application and unit recommendation, and decide whether to support funding after centralized review.
Feng Nuo's plan was to persuade Zhong Lishi to participate in the compilation and discussion of the "Guidelines" for the manufacture of precision instruments and equipment, communicate directly with the veterans of the hand-cranked computer project team, and expand the project into a "mechanical system" including punch card computer systems.
"Computer Project", he also plans to attract people from the electrical industry and postal and telecommunications industry to come in. After all, it involves the design and manufacturing of electromechanical systems and the formulation of information carrier standards.
"I have already called and communicated with Shao Zong and Liu Tom. They are very interested in participating in this project. Two days ago, Yang Yun from the Ministry of People's Livelihood came here...to repair the computer, and we chatted for a long time. He was very interested in participating in this project.
He was very interested in the census example in that article. He said that the Ministry of Civil Affairs plans to launch the first census this year or next year. If we can build relevant equipment, we can consider using it. He also expressed his interest in quickly launching a punch card information storage and processing system.
, and the punch card-type resident ID card is also very supportive. His personal computer has the most various statistical data, and he is very afraid of the problem this time." Although he is still a little reluctant to repair the computer, it does make him happy.
Feng Nuo is relatively familiar and has good popularity.
Zhong Lishi was a little surprised by Feng Nuo's ability to make waves and get all the big customers so quickly. But when he thought about it, these departments had a huge demand for statistics and retrieval, and they were very interested in any equipment that could improve work efficiency.
Welcome. The immediate need is huge, and Feng Nuo's plan is just what they want.
He thought for a while and said: "Next week we are considering holding a project coordination meeting related to precision instrument equipment manufacturing, and you all should come and participate in the discussion. Now there is a lot of waste waiting to be done, and there is only one project that no one is working on. Don't worry.
People can’t find projects to work on.”
"That's great. I know this. After all, I am from the Planning Institute. I have used a lot of supercomputers at the industrial port and I am familiar with them." Feng Nuo breathed a sigh of relief. This was basically settled.
At this time, Feng Shan brought two cups of tea and handed them to the two of them. She was still wearing the girl's uniform of Fangcaodi. In addition to the two white sleeves of the selection team on the lapel of the sailor uniform, she also added the morning star symbolizing "normal school".
.Indicate that she is a student with “teaching” qualifications.
Zhong Lishi looked at Feng Shan and said with a smile: "Oh... this is... I heard Xiaoying mentioned you. I heard that you are very good at mathematics, better than many veterans. Are you interested in coming here after graduation?
We are working at the Taipei Astronomical Observatory."
Feng Shan responded generously: "Thank you, Chief Zhong, for your compliment. There are students who are better than me in mathematics. Besides, Sister Xiaoying's erudition is unmatched by anyone in our batch of students. I have to ask her more."
Studying."
"Xiaoying will be transferred to the Academy in a few days. You don't plan to let her transfer there too? It will definitely be fine according to her conditions."
"I haven't made this plan yet. After all, Feng Shan and Xiaoying are a little different. In addition, she is a bit partial to subjects, especially because her grades in a few subjects are not high. The comprehensive evaluation results are not enough to enter the fast class. Besides, Fangcaodi is now also
He attaches great importance to her, saying that she is a middle school student. In fact, she no longer needs to take math classes, and instead teaches others. Other classes are also casual, and the degree of freedom is already very high. However," he changed the topic, "Girls before middle school
If she learns mathematics well and quickly, she cannot be said to be a mathematical genius. It really shocked me back then. She completed junior high school mathematics in more than 3 years. But in fact, after another 4 years, she has only basically mastered micro.
degree of points.”
"It's just 'basic mastery'. You mastered calculus when you were in high school?"
"Yes, she is indeed better than me. Not to mention high school, even now I can only give her a general introduction to modern mathematics. But she is not the strongest mathematician in Fangcaodi. There are even stronger talents."
Dr. Zhong nodded. He had indeed heard of a few "weirdos" from Fangcaodi. According to the mathematical level, in the old time and space, they were all candidates for the junior class of the University of Science and Technology of China.
Feng Nuo took Feng Shan's hand and asked her to stand closer. Zhong Lishi noticed that the girl's body was a little stiff for a moment and couldn't help but smile.
"I think it's okay to let her get stuck in mathematics all her life? Even if she is better than me, she is nothing compared to the old...compared to those mathematical geniuses or mathematicians in the past. Now that she has risen so fast, she is all
Because in the 'study' of the advanced mathematics knowledge we brought, in the early days it was lectures, but now she mainly relies on self-study, and there are a few veterans who can give her a little guidance. But when she really faces the unknown blanks, she has to explore, summarize and ask questions by herself.
And the ability to prove theorems is the necessary quality to be a mathematician."