In the Textile Industrial Park of Nanbao, most of the once bustling cotton textile factories are now quiet. There is no longer the hustle and bustle of the past.
If you go in, you will find that many workshops are empty, and the equipment is missing, leaving only the base. The equipment was completely disassembled a few weeks ago and sent to the Lingao Machinery Factory for comprehensive renovation.
Ready to be shipped to Guangdong.
Some new equipment has arrived one after another and installation and trial operation have begun.
Li Shan was very concerned about the new equipment, because this new equipment was "designed" according to the process flow he created. The specific implementation was carried out by Zou Biao.
A few months ago, after it was determined that "capacity expansion" would be carried out in Guangdong and all the old equipment of the demonstration factory was ready to be sold, Lishan came up with a demand plan for spinning machinery to Zou Biao.
However, after reading it, Zou Biao raised a question: "The equipment is not difficult, and modern machinery factories can make it. But there is a little problem here. The 54-type spinning machine is an all-electric model with a rotation speed of 12,000 r/n, and ours
It can only produce 4,500r/min, and may not be able to achieve an output of 15kg per hour."
"You are talking about the spindle speed of the spinning machine. The 54 type does not only refer to the machine, it is a complete set of technological processes. I don't know about other industries, but there is no absolute relationship between technological processes and shaft speed in the textile industry. And many processes
It is not necessary, although it will affect the output and quality. Using the 54-type process and making the spinning frame in the 54-type are two different things. "The cleaning of the 54-type process is changed from two passes to one pass, and the drawing is changed from three passes.
For Erdao, these processes are not directly related to the speed, but they can greatly save time and increase production, I think you also know, right?"
In fact, it is equivalent to allocating to people the tasks that were originally done by machines in peripheral processes. Although social productivity has declined, the output of machines alone has increased. However, for an agricultural society that originally did not have machines, it has already soared.
.
"I know this, but the spindle speed has a great impact on the output. I'm just giving you a shot. Maybe the finished product won't meet expectations." Zou Biao said.
It is now the second week of operation of the 25-type ring spinning machine. Lishan and Zou Biao were observing the production of the new machine in the textile factory. Cheng Milian also came to visit today.
The 25-type ring spinning is manufactured according to the 54-type process, using steam power as the driving force, and the output per thousand spindles per hour is about 13 to 15 kilograms.
"It seems that the output of 15kg cannot always be achieved in actual production." Zou Biao came to the conclusion through the production record sheet. The actual stable production efficiency is about 13kg.
Overall, it is much better than he expected. The Type 54 is an early domestic spinning machine from the old time and space. Although Lishan's needs are based on the Type 54, it does not completely follow the Type 54. There are also some parts of the Type 65 process flow.
"Although spindle speed is a factor that affects output, it is not the only factor. For example, roller speed, package size, yarn number, etc., will also affect output. Output is not determined by just one spindle speed." Li
Shan said.
"Is there any difference between our product and the Type 54 process?" Cheng Milian asked.
"Although spindle speed is not the only factor, the output and quality are still much worse due to low rotation speed. The standard 54-type spinning machine in the old time and space produced 20-inch yarn at 25kg per 1,000 spindles, and our production of 14-inch yarn was only comparable.
15kg per thousand spindle hours." Zou Biao said after putting the record back.
"Yingzhi?"
"A British weight and measure is very complicated to explain. You only need to know that in international cotton fabric transactions, the higher the count, the higher the cost, and the finer the yarn. The count of high-quality Songjiang cloth is around 14s-16s, and the yarn count is around 14s-16s.
The thicker the thread, the greater the output." Li Shan took out a roll of the finished product and brought it to his eyes for inspection. To be honest, in the old days, this was usually made of jeans, which were relatively rough.
The higher the count, the finer the yarn, which also means the more expensive the yarn. However, under the current circumstances, low-count yarns are in greatest demand: such as canvas (that is, denim), fire-proof cloth, labor protection cloth, etc.
.The higher the count of cotton products, the more delicate and expensive they are. They are generally used for knitted underwear, high-end clothing or high-end bedding, and some have counts as high as 80s. However, cotton products in this era are generally not made like this.
High, due to the limitations of manual craftsmanship, the top of a single strand is only 16 seconds. For high-count fabrics, silk products are generally used instead of cotton fabrics.
"Since there is a British branch, is there also a public branch?" Cheng Milian asked. The length is inches, feet, miles, and the corresponding metric units are kilometers, etc., so it is natural to wonder whether there is a public branch.
"Of course there is, but it's usually used on woolen and silk fabrics. I'm used to it. In the old days, the cotton textile industry was greatly influenced by the British, and everyone used it. If you convert it to 14 inches, it's about 20 cents, and the standard size is 54.
It’s about 33 kilometers, which is much more precise than ours.”
"Aren't we going to use public funds uniformly in the future?" Cheng Milian thought of the previous vigorous standardization initiatives in the industrial sector, which required the removal of all inexplicable industry standards from the old time and space - especially the imperial system.
"It's too troublesome. Isn't it just a title? The symbol of Yingzhi is s. Can't we just say it is the abbreviation of song of Songzhi? It's best not to touch the standard. Do you think the industry still has standard parts?
At least it's made of English--once the influence of this thing is established, you can't avoid it by changing time and space."
"For example, that weird 1435 standard rail." Zou Biao said with a smile.
"That's right. Once a standard is formed, it's not that easy to change it." Lishan's reluctance to change the imperial system is also due to this factor, because too many technical data and industry standards are formulated according to the imperial system of the old time and space.
"However, the Planning Institute seems to have doubts about the cotton yarn production line with a daily output of eight tons, and now it has only approved a two-ton production line." Zou Biao said. The previous plan was to build multiple production lines with a daily output of eight tons in the demonstration factory.
, the demand is about 25,000 spindles, but the Planning Institute is very hesitant to develop cotton textiles.
"What the Planning Institute is afraid of is nothing more than raw material and market problems. This is how the cotton textile industry was canceled during the First Five-Year Plan period," Li Shan said.
"Yes, if 25,000 spindles are produced at full capacity under ideal conditions, 1,200 tons of cotton will be consumed every year. Hainan itself has almost no production capacity for industrial cotton, let alone whether we can receive so much cotton from outside.
, if the internal circulation in the Senate-controlled area is excluded, at least 400 tons of products will need to be sold externally." Zou Biao said. 4
400 tons of cotton products are enough for a well-off population of 200,000 people for a year. However, this is also maximum production under ideal conditions. In fact, the annual consumption of 25,000 spindles of cotton will not be that much.
"I know what they are worried about. If we avoid the large-scale development of the weaving industry, I also agree that it is very unreasonable to avoid the development of spinning."
"Under the tax system of the Ming Dynasty, regardless of whether they were behind or not, about 60% of households in Hainan owned handmade looms, which was a very high proportion. The characteristics of textiles determined that most of the time, looms were used.
They are all waiting for yarn, and the vacancy rate is quite high.”
"It takes an average of seven days to weave a piece of cloth, of which spinning takes up four to five days. Weaving only takes one day. The remaining six days are almost empty. If we sell yarn, we can fill this vacancy.
"Li Shan said.
In the old time and space, the Qing Dynasty's so-called "homespun cloth resisted foreign cloth" was actually not accurate. Before the Opium War, Guangdong's homespun cloth had been mixed with a large amount of foreign yarn. The flourishing development of handmade homespun cloth actually relied on the import of foreign yarn. However,
This process is quite complex and cannot be summarized in one sentence.
"What about the raw materials?" Cheng Milian asked.
"Based on historical statistics, Songjiang alone exports 13 million pieces of cotton cloth every year, roughly more than 10,000 tons of cotton every year, and at this time there is still a lot of northern commodity cotton flowing in. However, considering the disaster situation in the north, perhaps our cotton
Need to get it in India.”
"The problem is, how do we prevent them from weaving locally and shipping cotton to us? We also bought a lot of Indian cloth before." Zou Biao said. This is not his only question. Indian cloth is very famous in history.
Yes, if the Europeans were willing to buy Indian cloth, they would process it locally instead of shipping the cotton over.
"Ahem! Mo Xiaoan may have accepted a bribe from Quark, but I have no evidence." Li Shan said jokingly: "According to the figures in the "Trade Yearbook" of the Department of Colonial Trade, the average FOB price of the Indian cotton we purchased is about
It’s about 2 yuan per piece, while the average FOB price of Songjiang cloth is much cheaper, only 0.5 yuan. Of course, the quality of the Songjiang cloth we import is inferior to Indian cotton cloth.”
"Hiss! Didn't the Senate spend a lot more money before?" Cheng Milian said in surprise. He heard that the school used Indian cloth. With so many students over the years, how much money would it cost?
"This is not necessarily true. Judging from the imported cotton cloth figures over the years, we have imported a large amount of Songjiang cloth and Indian cloth. The import proportion of low-end undyed Songjiang cloth is the highest among all textiles. It can only be said that the application scenarios are different, and each
There are different markets.”
"But the high FOB price of Indian cloth also means the high FOB price of cotton?" Zou Biao asked, "If we want to import Indian cotton, the price will be too high and we will not be able to compete with local cotton. In this case, our cotton imports will only be
We can focus on domestic affairs.”
"In normal years, perhaps Indian cotton is really not as cheap as domestic cotton, but now that there is war in the north, it may be difficult for farmers to grow cotton with peace of mind. Whether the original cotton-producing areas in the Central Plains and Huanghuai can be expected is still a question mark. So domestic
The price of raw cotton will inevitably rise. We may not lose money by importing Indian cotton. Even if we lose a little, there is no problem. As long as we can import raw materials, our production efficiency will soon reduce the cost to the minimum. At that time, we will go to India.
Dumping can easily crush the local handmade cotton textile industry, thereby suppressing cotton prices."