"Ashamed, ashamed. My family has been established in Xiangshan for three generations. Thanks to our ancestor Zeren, we now have a small family property in Xiangshan. I also want to leave some family property for future generations."
Of course, what Chen Wuren said was made up, but his emotions when he said it were genuine. Once upon a time, he also dreamed of being the person who "created a foundation for his descendants."
However, the subsequent social reality caused his family to be ruined, not to mention "for the sake of his descendants", and even he himself almost died. He almost "cut off his descendants" and finally embarked on a completely different path.
Although he has embarked on the path of "serving the Senate and the people", in his heart, he is still nostalgic for the past, so these words can be said to be sincere.
Guan Youde didn't know what was going on, but after listening to his words, he became like him and became very close to him. He was very impressed:
"With you as my master presiding over it, I believe that the Chen family in Xiangshan will be able to flourish and spread far and wide."
Once you have a good impression, I will be afraid to introduce it in detail.
In Nanhai, Shunde, Xiangshan and other counties, most places close to the Pearl River are surrounded by embankments to prevent flooding. The embankments are mainly built on higher hills. Early agriculture was carried out in the highlands within the enclosure, and there are still large areas within the enclosure.
Retention of water areas. The development trend since the Ming and Qing Dynasties has been to gradually drain stagnant water within the area and open up farmland. Due to the low-lying terrain, severe waterlogging, and poor harvests from ordinary rice fields, the foundation of the pond can not only utilize water resources, but also raise land for planting.
Crops can help solve the problem of reclamation in the lowlands and are a very happy choice for landowners.
Guan Youde's so-called "picking the foundation", also known as "cutting and building", is the core step in opening up the mulberry fish pond. The deep part of the low-lying rice field is dug into the "pond", and the excavated soil is built into a building that is significantly higher than the ground.
The "foundation". The base is about three feet high from the water. It takes eighty, ninety to one hundred labors per mu of land to build, and costs eleven or two taels of silver.
Although this business model with modern organic farming characteristics is very profitable after its establishment, the labor cost is huge, and it cannot be implemented by a strong family. If the family owner cannot personally operate it, it will not be able to play a big role. Therefore, it has not been established since its inception.
Since then, agricultural capital management has taken on the color of capital management. It not only requires a large amount of money investment, but also requires careful management by operators. It also requires exploring and learning agricultural production and breeding techniques, which is far beyond the ability of tenants, small producers and tenant landlords.
Wenjin’s business model.
The Senate's special interest in mulberry fish ponds is not limited to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. It is also a task that the Government Affairs Council is very interested in. It vaguely means a "political mission". It specially sends senators to visit and promote it, and it also contains ideas.
Use this model to cultivate new "farmers" - after all, Guangdong in this time and space is still very empty, and even the Pearl River Delta has large areas that can be developed. It is suitable for such intensive farming and small farm production.
Zhang Xiao didn't know that the Senate had so many complicated considerations. The only thing he understood was that promoting these technologies would be beneficial to agricultural development, "produce more food" and "improve people's living standards."
Due to fertilizer restrictions in ancient rural areas, the proportion of mulberry and fish ponds in Jiujiang has always been maintained at 4 to 6. The base pond is measured in ten acres, with six acres being the mulberry base and four acres being the pond surface, which is called Four Waters and Six Bases. Average
A pond of ten acres is considered to be a large number, because it is just the area that one labor force can manage. The largest one is seventeen or eight acres, and the smaller one is four or five acres.
Chen Wuren said that there were dozens of acres of low-yielding farmland in the clan that needed to be renovated, and the cost should be no less than a few hundred taels of silver, which was beyond the reach of ordinary people. No wonder Guan Youde called it a "big deal."
Mr. Chen talked lightly about renovating the fish pond, obviously he didn't care about money at all. Guan Youde couldn't help but feel a sense of contempt for Chen Wuren and others. People like Chen could afford hundreds of taels.
The person who picked the money was supposed to be one of the first-class wealthy families in Xiangshan, but he was actually related to Mo Yu, a former gangster. He was so poor that no one cared about him in the downtown area, but he was rich in the mountains and had distant relatives. When the Australians came, all the cats and dogs were shaken.
When they got up, even the big businessmen rushed to establish relations with them, and there was no shortage of them in the local area. Even the Dan family, who were originally very "informed" and "humble", now seemed to "straighten their backs" in front of them.
In the past, Guan Youde did not despise the Dan family, nor did he allow his tribe to bully the Dan family. However, it was one thing for him to be kind and "show kindness", and it was another thing for the other party to be "arrogant". This somewhat made Guan Youde feel sad.
Not happy.
"Brother Guan is a pretender?" Chen Wuren asked.
"That was in the past, I stopped doing it a long time ago," Guan Youde said, "But I still know the ropes of fish farming."
"I don't know what's the point of choosing a gay?"
"There is a lot of emphasis here." Guan Youde said: "The fish pond should be oriented east-west, and the Japanese shape is better."
"What's the point?"
"In summer and autumn, if there is a heavy rainstorm, when the rain stops, the fish will swim on the water surface to suck in the air. It is better to pour clean water to cool them. If they are not taken care of, they will die soon. The sun-shaped fish pond is easy to fill with water, but the water waves will corrode the pond base.
In addition, the fish pond is constantly irrigated and drained, and the water level is prone to change. The pond base alternates between dry and wet, and is prone to collapse. Therefore, wooden sticks should be used to build loquats at the transition point between the pond foundation and the water surface to protect the pond foundation."
"How to fill water?" Chen Wuren didn't understand.
"Haha, Mr. Chen didn't know something," Guan Youde laughed, "The location of the foundation pond is also very particular. It is appropriate to set up two water sinuses in the foundation pond to communicate with the river flow. The one at the waist of the pond is the upper sinus, and the one at the waist of the pond is the upper sinus.
The bottom of the pond is the bottom sinus. The pond that is close to the river and is easy to drain and irrigate is called the Toutong Pond. The pond that can pass water from the adjacent pond is the Ertong Pond. The pond with water source but no outlet is Wangtian Pond. There is a water outlet but no outlet.
The wild pond where the sluice sinus is set up is a wild pond. Only crops such as gorgon, mushrooms, water chestnuts, and lotus root can be grown in the wild pond, and the mud is the thinnest. If it is a fish pond, Toutong pond is more convenient, and the rent is more expensive. There is one before Ertong pond.
The pond blocks the water flow, so you have to wait until the bottom of the first pond is dry to catch fish and get on the mud before you can use the pond to discharge water, and the rental price will be reduced."
Chen Wuren then remembered that the fish ponds he saw along the way were not one after another like an ice grid, but there were many small rivers connecting with large rivers between the fish ponds. It turned out to be this function.
"But what drives this row of water for irrigation? Could it be a water wheel?" Chen Wuren still didn't understand. If he relied on rickshaws for water, the cost of fish farming would be high. Naturally, he had seen the big windmill used by the Senate to pump water.
Yes, if the tempers of the leaders get angry, it is not impossible to set up several steam engines to pump water, but then the tofu will be the price of meat, which is not worth it.
Guan Youdedao said: "Yes, it's also wrong."
"Oh?" The inspection team all looked confused.
"I'm not going to lie about it. You're right, it's because every winter or next spring, the pond must be drained once. The method is to follow the water festival first, open the bottom of the pond and let out the water. The remaining water will be about a foot or a few inches.
Wait, the bottom sinus is only opened when the water is released. Use mulberry branches and old grass to plug it up on weekdays. Then dig a hole in the pond near the sinus to drive water. The method of driving water is to put the front of the car upward and drag the rear of the car diagonally on the water surface. Use three or four
People get on bicycles. It’s wrong, because the water in the dry pond is time-consuming and laborious, and it also interferes with the growth of fish. On weekdays, it relies on the ebb and flow of the tide. The tide will make the day longer on the first day of the lunar month, and disappear on the fourth day of the lunar month, and the day will get longer on the 18th day of the lunar month.
It disappears with the sun, which is the so-called water head; it disappears on the fourth day of the lunar month, disappears on the 14th and 18th, and is called the tail of the water on the 29th or 30th. In spring and summer, the water head is large, and it is strong during the day. In autumn and winter, the water head is small, and it is strong at night. The sinus on the waist of the pond
If there is a gate, if the water in the pond is too fat and salty, green skin will appear on the water surface. It is necessary to open the upper sinus, drain out a few inches of salt water, and replace it with raw water. Or if the pond water is shallow, it is also advisable to add raw water into it according to the method.
, use enough water as the measure. If the pond water is too full and it is appropriate to release it, always use the medium depth as the measure." Guan Youde explained the method of changing water in one breath.
The cadres of the Tiandihui were also secretly amazed. They did not expect that the villagers of Jiujiang would find such a way to maintain the water quality of fish ponds by relying on natural conditions. It was indeed the right time and the right place.
If you think about it carefully, this is very similar to the content about fish pond water quality during their training at Tiandihui. It's just that compared to the knowledge in books, the experience accumulated through this kind of practice is more down-to-earth and more operable.
Only then did everyone understand how the criss-crossing river network in Jiujiang came about. The local people divided the rivers into different levels according to the width of the water surface. The main stream of the Xijiang River and its tributaries became the "sea". The area from the center of Jiujiang village to Motianji was called the Caspian Sea.
The level below Tiejiao is also called Donghai. The second level is called "Yong" (Yin Chong) and "Jiao", which are all tidal river ports.
There are many small enclosures within the Mulberry Garden, such as the Jade Belt enclosure, which protects 46 hectares of mulberry land and fish ponds and houses more than 4,300 households. The rivers flow outside the dikes of these small enclosures, and within the dikes are patches of land.
Ponds. The embankments of Xiaowei are generally equipped with gates to meet the drainage and irrigation needs of a foundation pond area. The main function of gates and embankments is to prevent floods in spring and summer. There are few ponds in Jiujiang fields, and there are trenches dug outside the ponds.
There are sluice gates at the entrances of each port, which can be opened and closed according to the timing. When the water in the pond is usually shallow, water will be diverted into the pond, and when the pond is full, water will be diverted out to gushing out. When spring and summer surges occur, the gates will be lowered to prevent it.
Attach bamboo stems to the outside to make it tight and prevent it from flooding the fish pond.
"Graves" are small waterways in the foundation pond area. These small waterways are dug during the process of continuous excavation of the foundation pond to meet the daily drainage and irrigation needs of the foundation pond. There are a large number of artificial small river "graves" in the foundation pond area.
It is the terminal water system of the Jiujiang River Network. The gorge is connected with the river flow. The small water sinus in the base pond can divert the river water for automatic drainage and irrigation.
While the number of mulberry fish ponds in Jiujiang continues to increase, the original wide water area within the area is divided by ponds, and the water area of some main rivers is gradually encroached and shrunk by ponds. The 28-foot-wide Jiujiang River "Caspian Sea" in the Ming Dynasty is
In this way, the sea was "occupied and turned into a pond". By the end of the Qing Dynasty, it was impossible to verify the specific location where it once flowed.
The fish and flower market is not big, and most of the people in the market are sellers who come to order fish flowers. There are some familiar and some unfamiliar. Chen Wuren and his party are naturally regarded as new fish sellers.
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