Xu Yingjie said: "Not entirely. We call it electrolyte. The caustic soda content in it is less than 10%, and there are many impurities that need to be separated and processed."
"Look out, chlorine!" Ji Sixui patted Xu Yingjie's shoulder.
"What, what." Bai Yu wanted to get closer and take a look.
"Be careful, don't move." Xu Yingjie was a little excited. He was not thinking that chlorine can disinfect, purify the environment, and be used to make hydrochloric acid, but "poisonous gas".
Although chlorine gas is common, it is the first poisonous gas used in actual combat in the history of modern warfare. During the First World War, it was said to have outstanding results and countless dead souls. Moreover, chlorine gas is easy to prepare, and it can be called a super killer weapon in this time and space. Whether you are a Manchurian white-armored soldier
, Guan Ning's Iron Cavalry, the Royal Family or Cromwell's Iron Armored Army, there is only one "death" when encountering them.
Currently, the time traveler industry cannot manufacture gas pressure vessels, and storing chlorine gas is impossible. But Xu Yingjie knows that there are many perverts in the weapons research team, and they might be able to create some evil moths.
This yellow-green gas rose in the glass tube, and everyone present held their breath. At this time, a small blade fan installed in another glass tube suddenly started running, indicating another colorless gas.
The product of electrolysis also comes out - hydrogen.
"Everyone, please pay attention." Ji Sidui began to educate the workers on safety: "This yellow gas is called chlorine gas. It is poisonous..."
Watching Ji Sidui explain to a group of indigenous workers who seemed to understand but didn't understand what chlorine gas was, what hydrogen gas was, and how to prevent poisoning and explosions, Bai Yu thought to herself that I would never come to this chemical plant in the future - it was too dangerous.
The produced hydrogen is transported to the only modern device in this equipment: the hydrochloric acid reactor. The hydrogen is introduced into the reactor for combustion, and then chlorine is introduced to generate hydrogen chloride gas. After cooling, it is absorbed by water and becomes hydrochloric acid.
This reaction is very dangerous. If the chlorine content in hydrogen is too high, it will explode directly. The solution is to strictly control the amount of chlorine entering during the reaction, so that the toxic chlorine is surrounded by excess hydrogen, allowing the chlorine to fully react, preventing
Contamination of air and possible mixing explosion.
Because it was very dangerous, Ji Situi never considered indigenous equipment from the beginning, but directly purchased equipment from modern time and space.
Making hydrochloric acid can only consume a part of the chlorine, and the rest is passed into a small reaction tower on the side. The reaction tower has been filled with dried slaked lime in layers. The chlorine is absorbed by the slaked lime and generates calcium hypochlorite-it has something that everyone knows more about.
Known by its familiar name: bleaching powder.
As the most common and effective disinfectant, the successful mass production of bleaching powder means that Chuanchuan Group has reached a new peak in disease prevention and epidemic prevention, which is of great significance to the Chuanchuan Group bases on both sides of the Wenlan River where people are extremely dense. When the army launched an expedition
When traveling, there is no need to worry about the hygiene of drinking water along the way.
It is difficult for slaked lime to absorb chlorine completely. It will take away part of the chlorine gas more or less in the waste. In order to better utilize the chlorine gas and improve the air environment at the same time, the last waste gas absorption process is generally adopted.
The waste gas sent from the absorption tower is connected to the absorption cylinder through a pipe. The inside of the cylinder is milk of lime prepared with slaked lime. The chlorine in the waste gas is absorbed by the milk of lime to generate calcium chlorate and calcium chloride.
After the milk of lime is saturated with chlorine, it is pumped into a concentration pot, heated and then cooled to crystallize calcium chlorate. Calcium chlorate can be used as a herbicide. Extract the liquid of calcium perchlorate and then heat and concentrate to obtain
Calcium chloride basically achieves zero emission of chlorine gas.
As for the electrolyte that continuously flows out during electrolysis, it already contains about 10% caustic soda. However, the content of sodium chloride is higher. Such caustic soda solution cannot be used and must be concentrated.
The equipment used by Ji Situi for concentration was a large pot, which used firewood to ignite the coal to directly heat and concentrate it. The strong smell caused everyone present who did not wear safety glasses to escape.
"Is it too polluting if you boil it with your mouth open like this?" Bai Yu said.
"Yes, but don't we have an evaporator? It's a waste of coal!" Ji Sidei said loudly because he was wearing a chemical protective mask, "We will replace it when the machinery factory can provide us with it in the future."
After boiling for a while, crystals precipitated out of the bottom of the pot under the alkali solution, and more and more crystals accumulated.
"Bai Yu, grab a spoon and scoop it out! Be careful not to bring out the lye."
Bai Yu quickly took the special wooden spoon and stood by the pot to scrape out the crystals from the bottom of the pot.
"Pay attention to safety." Ji Sidui looked at him nervously. This pot was made from the roasted pig collected from Goujiazhuang at that time. It has a large diameter. If it falls down accidentally, it will be over.
Bai Yu carefully took out the crystals. The steam filling the pot felt pungent even while wearing a protective mask.
"Is this salt?" he asked.
"Yes, it's real refined salt!"
The taken out refined salt is sent to the salt drying board, washed several times with dilute alkali solution, and then rinsed with saturated refined salt water. What remains is snow-white crystals. The sodium chloride purity of this salt is as high as 95% or more. It can be used for
Prepare physiological saline for medical infusion.
The electrolyte from which the salt has precipitated is continued to be heated and concentrated until the concentration of the alkali solution reaches about 30%, and it becomes a product that can be used in chemical industry. Of course, it can also be continued to be concentrated and dried into a solid, but this is too coal-intensive for time travellers.
Not cost effective.
The successful production of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and caustic soda gave the Work Energy Commission great confidence. Wang Luobin, Zhan Wuya and others would come to these two simple workshops whenever they had time to see how this indigenous method was being implemented.
device of.
Although these two sets of equipment are simple, the benefits they bring are immeasurable. According to Ji Situi's calculations, under the conditions of ensuring the supply of raw materials and energy, the contact method sulfuric acid workshop is equipped with 15 workers in three shifts, and the annual start-up time
345 days, the daily production of 98% concentrated sulfuric acid is 1 ton, which can be increased to 1.2 tons per day when necessary; the salt electrolysis workshop is equipped with 24 workers in three shifts, and the annual operation is 345 days, with an annual output of 47.5 tons of caustic soda and 87 tons of bleaching powder.
2 tons of calcium chlorate, 6 tons of calcium chloride, 47.5 tons of refined salt (95% purity sodium chloride), and 30 tons of hydrochloric acid.
The output was minuscule by modern standards, but for the Planning Commission, which not long ago distributed chemicals on a milliliter-by-gram basis, the opening of these two workshops amounted to a windfall.
Even Shi Niaoren came. Seeing the 95% high-purity sodium chloride prepared by Ji Sihui for him, Shi Niaoren was so happy that he could not close his mouth. This could solve a big problem: infusion and injection of normal saline were available.
.Bleaching powder is not to mention a good thing that the Ministry of Health is looking forward to. As for crude calcium chloride, it is refined by pharmaceutical factories and made into calcium chloride injection, which can treat tetany and intestinal colic caused by low blood calcium.
Ureteral colic, urticaria, exudative edema, itchy skin diseases. Used to treat vitamin D deficiency rickets, rickets, and calcium salt supplementation for pregnant and lactating women. It can greatly improve the physical quality of people in this time and space.
With enough hydrochloric acid, the planned glucose manufacturing of the pharmaceutical factory can also be put on the construction schedule. Shi Niaoren immediately contacted Wu Nanhai and asked him to quickly come up with starch raw materials. Together, they set up a glucose workshop immediately.
As for Wu Nanhai, he was overjoyed to suddenly get a herbicide that he had never expected. He immediately asked that all the related production be allocated to him for use. He also asked with concern when ammonium sulfate would be provided to him so that he could cooperate with hybrid rice.
Put out a super production satellite.
Even people from the Ministry of Light Industry came to ask how much quota of caustic soda and sulfuric acid they can give them. With these two things, they can provide white paper, not to mention soap. But when it comes to making soap, the Ministry of Chemical Industry
It needs to be handled in cooperation with the Ministry of Light Industry. Originally, the Ministry of Chemical Industry wanted to obtain glycerin through the process of making soap.
This is like a snowball. Once a technical bottleneck is broken through, many production areas that were originally stuck suddenly start to move. The number of products that can be produced increases at once, and the scale of production capacity also expands.
The military department also responded quickly. On the same day, Xi Yazhou called and asked the Ministry of Chemical Industry to seriously consider the military value and use of chlorine as a weapon.
It is impossible to directly release chlorine gas. Xu Yingjie and several people in the weapons research team studied it and developed a chlorine mine: a pack of calcium hypochlorite powder--that is, bleaching powder--is placed under a can of hydrochloric acid.
Tie a 30-gram guncotton-charged cartridge and explode the two substances into mist and mix them together. As for the effect, everyone agrees that if it is to be used, it is best to detonate multiple bombs at the same time.
Some people have also proposed that poison gas shells can be made. The principle is the same as above, and the structure can be improved so that it can withstand the shooting of howitzers.
"Not recommended." Xu Yingjie had a hard time imagining who could run around with many hydrochloric acid cans on the battlefield.
"In my opinion, if you want to rely on poison gas shells and poison gas mines," Lin Shenhe from the artillery research and development team made a concluding speech, "it's better to make some glass bottles with hydrochloric acid in them and throw them out as hand grenades.
.”
The response from the masses was very good, and praises from various departments were overwhelming. But as the head of the chemical industry department, Ji Situi was not happy at all. Behind this series of dazzling product catalogs and production figures, high energy consumption and extremely unstable conditions were hidden.
Manufacturing state.
A salt electrolysis workshop consumes 160 tons of salt, 60 tons of quicklime, 0.5 tons of hydrochloric acid, 35 tons of coal, 140,000 kWh of direct current, and 1,500 tons of water every year. This is an extremely objective consumption of materials and energy, especially electricity and industrial water.
The installed capacity of Bobu Power Station was originally only 213kw. Just one electrolysis workshop consumes almost one-tenth of the power station's annual power generation. Insufficient power has actually become an important obstacle to the electrolysis salt workshop. It was originally planned to start construction at the end of last year.
The workshop has been pending. It was not until recently that the second phase of the Bairentan Hydropower Station was successfully expanded. A pot camel machine there was moved to the Bobu Power Station. The installed capacity of Bobu was doubled before it was officially put into production.
Ji Situi plans to wait until the manufacturing capacity of the machinery department is improved to a higher level, and then gradually replace the current equipment that is too crude. Such high-energy-consuming and high-pollution production is really not the future direction.
Another disadvantage of the local method is that it "looks beautiful". After it was put into actual operation, many problems that were not mentioned in the construction brochure were exposed one after another.
The most typical one is the sulfuric acid workshop. Since the start of construction, many problems, big and small, have occurred. The most serious one is that the conversion rate is low, less than 70%, causing the concentration of some sulfuric acids to be too low, only 80%, and must be re-produced.
Only by blending can it meet the factory standard. The outlet of the blower contains acid, which is sprayed everywhere, causing serious corrosion on the ground; the exhaust smoke from the chimney outlet contains a large amount of acid, and when it encounters humid air, it immediately turns into acid rain, corroding and destroying all temporary workshops and sheds around the chimney.
Several workers suffered mild acid burns and were sent to the hospital.
Ji Situi and Xu Yingjie, as well as mechanical and construction technicians, made six consecutive modifications to the entire system. Even the absorption tower was dismantled and refilled several times, and a pebble dust collector was added to the converter.
; Add coke to the air outlet as an absorbent; add acid-removing tiles to the top of the absorption tower, and add coke... I even tried it by myself during meetings and discussions, and brought books with me. Fortunately, the large library has rich information, and all kinds of problems have been solved.
Once the solution was found, it took a month of back and forth to stabilize production.
The sulfuric acid workshop had just stabilized, and several small-scale accidents occurred in the electrolysis workshop. The most outrageous thing was that someone actually took a fancy to hydrogen and designed and manufactured a balloon by himself, saying that this was to prepare materials for future balloon observation troops.
Hydrogen gas was poured into the workshop. But this person came up and touched it while wearing chemical fiber clothes... He was rushed to the hospital for treatment with 1% second-degree burns all over his body. The entire electrolysis workshop was paralyzed for ten hours. Ji Si was so angry that he closed the workshop with a bamboo fence.
Get up, there are danger signs with skulls hanging high outside. No one is allowed to enter or exit at will.
When Shi Niaoren came back from a visit to the Bobu Chemical Factory, he discussed with the Planning Commission and the Ministry of Chemical Industry the supply of several urgently needed materials for the pharmaceutical factory. Then he went to the dormitory area of Cibairen City and took samples before returning.
to the General Hospital.
"Touch it, touch it..."
Shi Niaoren hummed "Eighteen Touches" and walked into Bairen General Hospital carrying several bags of stool. Ye Yuming, who was passing by, muttered in surprise: "Has this guy gone crazy after looking at stools all day long?"
The real reason is of course not the case! Sitting in his "first medical testing center in this time and space", Shi Niaoren confidently crossed his legs and piled a pile of poop sample cans with a smug smile. The Ministry of Chemical Industry started production this time.
The success rekindled his enthusiasm for the pharmaceutical factory, which had gradually cooled down - it greatly increased his motivation to think about what other medicines he could make. This was better than ten years of hard training in internal skills. There is someone in the time-traveling group!