Chapter 416: Restoring the Glory of the Han and Tang Dynasties
The eastern part of Central Asia, the Balkhash Lake area and even the Aral Sea area have been China's territory since the Han Dynasty. The Western Regions Protectorate was established to govern these areas during the Han Dynasty, and the Anxi Protectorate and Beiting Protectorate were established during the Tang Dynasty.
Jurisdiction over the Western Regions established China's rule over Central Asia. However, after the Tang Dynasty, no Chinese dynasty continued to rule these regions, and these territories were gradually lost to other countries.
In modern times, polar bear Russia has undoubtedly been the country that has occupied the most territory in China. Since the late 17th century, Russia has been seeking an outlet to the sea in the East. my country's Heilongjiang is the only navigable river from southeast Siberia that flows into the Pacific Ocean. In order to seize Heilongjiang, Russia mouth without interruption
Invasion of China. In 1689, China and Russia signed the "Treaty of Nerchinsk" to delineate the borders between China and Russia. Therefore, China and Russia maintained normal relations for more than 100 years. After 1840, Russia gradually expanded to the Heilongjiang Basin. After the Second Opium War broke out
, Russia took advantage of the situation and sent Duke Putiya
The envoy negotiated the border issue with the Qing government. On May 20, 1858, when the British and French forces captured Dagu, the Russian army took the opportunity to force the Qing Dynasty's Heilongjiang General Yishan to sign the unequal Sino-Russian "Aihun Treaty". The main contents are:
1. 600,000 square kilometers of Chinese territory north of Heilongjiang
It was ceded to Russia, and more than 600,000 square kilometers of land south of the Outer Xing'an Mountains and north of Heilongjiang was assigned to Russia. 2. A large area of land east of the Ussuri River was jointly managed by China and Russia. 3. Russia was allowed to control the Songhua River, Ussuri River, etc.
trade in the Lijiang and Heilongjiang areas, and Russia enjoys navigation rights on the Sanjiang River.
The "Aihun Treaty" was an unequal treaty that Russia forced local officials of the Qing Dynasty to sign. It was an illegal treaty because local officials had no power to sign foreign treaties on behalf of the country. In addition, Yishan only had handwriting and paintings on it, but no seal. The Qing court never recognized it.
This illegal treaty.
In June 1860, Russia forcibly occupied Vladivostok; in October, the Qing government signed the "Beijing Treaty" with Britain and France respectively; on November 14, Russia forced the Qing government to sign the Sino-Russian "Extension Treaty", which is the Sino-Russian "Beijing Treaty"
.The main contents of the treaty are: 40 meters east of the Ussuri River
Ten thousand square kilometers of Chinese territory was ceded to Russia; the undetermined direction of the central and western borders should follow the mountains, rivers and the current Chinese permanent station in Karen (outpost); Russia in Kulun (today's Ulaanbaatar), Zhangjiakou,
Kashgar and other places enjoy duty-free trade, establish consuls and enjoy consular jurisdiction.
From the Treaty of Aihun to the Treaty of Beijing, Russia seized 1 million square kilometers of territory from China in just two years. In June 1861, representatives of China and Russia signed the Treaty on the Demarcation of the Eastern Boundary.
The second survey divided the land and water boundaries south of Xingkai Lake. They only drew a red line on the map to indicate that the two countries were bounded by the Heilongjiang River and the Ussuri River, and did not indicate the exact location of the boundary line in the river.
In China's northwest frontier, Russia had long carried out military expansion in the southeastern region of Balkhash Lake in order to push its national border into China. In August 1862, Russian military official Babkov, as a negotiator, negotiated with the Chinese representative of Ukraine.
General Mingyi of Riyasudai in the pagoda
The city held negotiations to demarcate the northwest border. The negotiations were interrupted when the Russian representatives left without reason. After that, Russia began a large-scale aggressive operation and continuously sent troops to invade Talbahatai, Khovd and the Qas under Ili.
Lun, the Qing army also fought back against the Russian invasion.
In June 1864, Russia took advantage of the uprising of various ethnic groups in Xinjiang and sent troops to the Ili region of Xinjiang, forcing Chinese representatives to sign the Sino-Russian Treaty on the Demarcation of the Northwest Boundary. It ceded 440,000 square kilometers east and south of Balkhash Lake.
Chinese territory
By 1881, China and Russia signed the "Ili Treaty", and Russia ceded 70,000 square kilometers of territory in northwest China. Russia was the invader who occupied the most territory and gained the most rights among the powers that invaded China in modern times.
Ten kilometers east of Almaty is the headquarters of the Fifth Group Army. On the evening of April 4, Lieutenant General Liu Zhiye, commander of the Fifth Group Army, summoned the commanders of the divisions and brigade commanders of the Fifth Group Army and the First Cavalry Army to hold a meeting on Almaty.
Pre-battle meeting of the attack.
"My generals, Central Asia has been China's inherent territory since ancient times. The Qing Dynasty was incompetent, humiliated the country, and lost a lot of territory. Now, the war between the empire and Russia is a good time to regain these territories in one fell swoop. Before the war,
His Majesty the Emperor specially sent me a telegram
, requiring our army to defeat the Russian army in this battle, occupy as much land as possible, and take back the lost land twice as much. Now, the battle in the Northeast Theater is almost over, and the northern battlefield is also
In active preparation, once I win, I will
We will completely restore the glory of the Han and Tang Dynasties. Therefore, in this battle, we must defeat the Russian army and occupy more land. It is best to include the entire Central Asia in our hands. I hope that generals,
We must do our best in this battle!" Liu, commander of the Fifth Group Army
Lieutenant General Zhiye said seriously. Opening up and expanding the territory of the country is undoubtedly the ideal of every imperialist. This time, the Fifth Army and the First Cavalry Army not only want to regain the territory occupied by Russia, but also
Occupy more territory and enhance China's influence in this strategically important area of Central Asia.
"Don't worry, Commander, my subordinates will fight to the death to defend the country!" Everyone replied loudly.
"Very good! Next, the chief of staff will assign specific combat tasks!" Lieutenant General Liu Zhiye said with satisfaction.
"Next, I will deploy the specific combat tasks for the next stage. In the battle to attack Almaty, the 2nd Division and the 5th Division will serve as the main offensive, and the 66th Division will serve as the reserve. The tasks of the First Cavalry Corps,
It is to encircle Almaty. If Russian troops break through, the mission of the First Army is to destroy these Russian troops trying to break through. The mission of the 38th Division and the 39th Division is to
It is marching to the north, preparing to capture the Lake Balkhash area and block the Russian reinforcements. After capturing Almaty, the Fifth Army will leave one infantry division and the First Cavalry Army will leave two cavalry brigades to continue sweeping Turkey.
Several other states in the Stan Governorate. Our main combat direction will be transferred to the Prairie Governorate. The General Staff ordered us to move northward at the appropriate time.
Cut off the Trans-Siberian Railway and ensure victory in the northern battlefield." Chief of Staff Major General Lin Bin introduced everyone. There is no doubt that everyone is not worried about the capture of Almaty. This is not a problem at all. As for the reinforcements sent by the Russians
, it is not invincible. The real difficulty lies in cutting off the Trans-Siberian Railway. As the Russian army's battlefield in Eastern Siberia, the lives of
Line, the Russian army also attaches great importance to the protection of the Trans-Siberian Railway. Therefore, the Fifth Army has to cut off the Trans-Siberian Railway and prevent the Russian army from the west from reinforcing the East Siberia region and preventing the Russian army from escaping to the west in the East Siberia region. The task is very important.
It's arduous. However, no one is worried. Although the task is arduous, if it succeeds, it will naturally be a great achievement.
"That's it for the specific combat mission. Let's go down and prepare! The battle in Almaty must be over within two days!" Lieutenant General Liu Zhiye said.
On April 5, the time when the Russian Governor of the Far East Alexeyev surrendered, the attack on Almaty on the northwest battlefield began. The Fifth Army concentrated more than 300 heavy artillery pieces and launched a fierce bombardment on Almaty.
The Russian defenders of Almaty also launched a counterattack, and the two sides engaged in an inspiring artillery battle. However, the artillery of the Chinese ** Corps, regardless of
Both quantity and quality far exceeded the Russian artillery. Under the guidance of observation balloons, the Chinese artillery carried out a devastating blow to the Russian army. The artillery battle only lasted for more than an hour, but the Russian army could no longer support it and suffered heavy casualties.
The Russian artillery had to stop shelling. The Chinese artillery also began to take the next step to provide fire support for the infantry attack.
At 10 o'clock in the morning, the 21st Regiment and the 51st Regiment, with a total of more than 8,000 people, under the cover of artillery, launched a fierce attack on Almaty. The city of Almaty is strong, but it is far from being comparable to those in China.
Compared with the fortified city. After using firepower to suppress the defenders on the city wall, the Chinese ** team blasted the city gate of Almaty.
At 10:30 in the morning, with a loud noise, the city gate of Almaty was blown to pieces. The Chinese army broke into the city of Almaty and started a fierce street battle with the Russian army. The defense of the Russian army in Almaty
The preparations were also very complete. A large number of barricades were built on every street and a lot of heavy weapons were deployed. At the beginning of the street fighting, the Chinese ** team made very slow progress and suffered heavy casualties.
In the afternoon, the artillery moved forward to provide more direct fire support to the infantry. When encountering resistance from the Russian army, it directly destroyed the target. This greatly reduced the losses and accelerated the progress of the attack. However,
This caused huge casualties to the Russian troops and civilians in the city.
During wartime, the lives of civilians are often as insignificant. It is obviously impossible for the squadron to put themselves in danger for the lives of civilians. Besides, people who are not members of our clan must have different intentions. These foreign civilians are not here yet.
Within the protection range of the Chinese ** team.
That night, half of the city of Almaty fell into the hands of the Chinese army. There was obviously no problem in occupying the entire Almaty the next day.
The Russian Governor of Turkestan Alex also realized the crisis and led more than 30,000 participating Russian troops out of the west city of Almaty that night in an attempt to break out.
However, the Chinese ** Corps was well prepared, and the First Cavalry Corps launched a hunt for the breaking out Russian army. After a night of fighting, nearly 30,000 people, including Alex, the Russian Governor of Turkestan, were annihilated.
Only two to three thousand people escaped during the night.
After the battle of Almaty, the Fifth Army left the 66th Division to cooperate with the 3rd Cavalry Brigade and the 4th Cavalry Brigade of the 1st Cavalry Corps to sweep several other states in the Turkestan Governorate. The main force went north to prepare to conquer Bar.
Kashgar Lake area. (To be continued. Please search Piaotian Literature, the novel will be better and updated faster!)