Eight hundred and sixtieth nine chapters Schlieffen plan
From the 19th century to the end of World War II, the world's army was the most powerful. The German General Staff Headquarters, as the highest command organization of the German Army, especially the German General Staff Headquarters before World War I, were even more hiding and hiding, with many talents emerging and still today.
It made countless passionate men yearn for it. Among the previous chiefs of staff in the German General Staff Headquarters, the highest achievement was the old Moltke who assisted Bismarck in winning the Danish War, the Pakatan-Austria War and the Franco-Prussian War, and unifying Germany. Schriefen served as the counselor.
The total length was from 1891 to 1906, a total of 5 years.
The day before Germany declared war on France, the German General Staff had already entered a busy and busy life. German Emperor William II, Crown Prince William, Chief of Staff Moltz, Minister of the Navy Tirpitz, Heinrich
The prince and others gathered here. Among them, there was a middle-aged oriental man with yellow skin and dark hair, which was particularly eye-catching. He was the Chinese Army General Zhao Bowen. This time he came to Germany and was the deputy general manager of China.
The purpose of his long identity is to observe Germany's upcoming attack on the Western Front!
Xiong Wu, the chief of the General Staff of China, is already old, and the main work of the General Staff is actually under the responsibility of the Secretary of the Army Cai Yun. After China enters the war, the Secretary of the Army Cai Yun will step down and be responsible for the work of the General Staff.
And General Zhao Bowen will take over as Secretary of the Army!
"Are all the divisions ready?" German Emperor William II asked, looking at a huge map of Western Europe. On the map, the military deployment between the allies and the Allies was marked in different colors, while in Germany and France.
On the border with Belgium, there is a large piece of black, which is marked by the German Army.
"Your Majesty, you are ready! All armies are in place and you can launch an attack at any time!" reported by the German Chief of Staff Moltke. His voice was full of excitement and excitement. Immediately, the powerful German Army will be in his
Command and win one victory after another!
"Very good, we will declare war on France tomorrow! The attack will be launched at that time! I am waiting for the news of your victory!" said Emperor William II of Germany. He has always had a firm belief in winning the war.
"
"Don't worry, your Majesty, we will definitely defeat the French. This year's Christmas Emperor is expected to spend in Paris!" Little Moltke said proudly.
Admiral Zhao Bowen saw all this in his eyes, and a hint of mockery appeared inadvertently on the corner of his mouth. It was impossible for these Germans to defeat France and France's ally Britain in a short period of time.
Is it so easy to bully if the French are so clay-like?
Germany's combat plan against France was already planned decades ago. After the addition and modifications of successive chiefs of staff, it was finally formed when Earl Schriefen was the chief of staff. However, what is unexpected is Xiao Mao
After taking over as Chief of Staff, Qi made another modification to Schriefen's plan, which ultimately failed the German army!
In 1870, Louis = Emperor Napoleon's French government destroyed itself by declaring war on Prussia. The Prussians destroyed the French army in the battle on their common border, and then advanced straight into, surrounded and captured Paris. In order to eliminate any future French military threats
, the newly unified Germany annexed part of Alsace and Lorraine, including the fortress city of Metz, exposing France to the front of future invasions.
French military engineers then built a series of fortresses centered on four cities along the French-German border with one hundred and fifty miles. The southeast began with the indestructible barrier of Switzerland's Alps, and the solid concrete fortresses were from Belfort and Erbinar.
,Tur and Verdun stretched out. A wide gap was designed between Erbinar and Tour, as a huge trap for preparation for the enemy's entry and then fired from a well-covered concrete box bunker
Crossfire was annihilated. About twenty miles north of Verdun was Luxembourg, Belgium and the rugged Arden forest.
Faced with this insurmountable prism, Count Alfred von Schrieffin, who served as chief of staff from 1891 to 1906, designed a strategy to invade France through the vast Belgian plains. This small industrialized country,
Provided an effortless access to sufficient railways, highways, rivers and canals, and its border with France is unfortified. Earl Schrieffin was angry at the fortifications of Belgium in Liège and Namur facing Germany, and he complained
Its military defense was designed to "······ prevent Germany from invading its territory, but it was not defending the French border." Earl Schriefen pretended not to know why Belgium was worried about Germany and not France.
When Count Schriefen assisted the old Moltke and Wadesi, he conducted in-depth research on France and Russia.
Although France, which experienced the Napoleonic War, failed in the French-Prussian War and lost the rich iron ore Artsas and Lorraine, was still strong and took the lead in Europe. It was the biggest enemy of the unified German emperor on the European continent.
.In contrast, although Russia has millions of conventional troops, its equipment is backward, and its strategic thinking is still stuck in the era of cold weapons. When the German Krupp cannon and Mauser rifle were already famous all over the world, the German General Staff was focusing on studying the value of Maxim machine guns
Many Russian soldiers also used wooden sticks with sharp knives as their only equipment. At the same time, Russia's vast territory, backward railway network and aging war mobilization mechanism greatly reduced Russia's war response speed. We carefully studied both sides.
After the power comparison, Count Schrieffin developed a bold idea: to use the rapid mobilization of German troops, defeat France first, and then turn back and concentrate its efforts against Russia. Count Schrieffin judged that Russia's backward military mobilization system made it take Russia at least 6 to 8 weeks.
Only by completing the military assembly of Germany. During this period, with the dense railway network under the leadership of the Moltke era, Germany was fully capable of quickly completing the military assembly and defeating France. This is the basic strategic idea of the "Schriefen Plan",
To summarize it in three words, it is "time difference".
In 891, the first year he became the chief of staff of the German Army, Count Schrieffern proposed a "memorandum", known as the No. 1 memorandum. In this memorandum, Count Schrieffern adopted the "rare" that military scientists have rarely seen.
The method of plot rehearsal deduces the basic process of the future European war and proposes the strategic concept and implementation method of "time difference". Later, Count Schriefen proposed the second and third memorandums in 1892 and 1894, these three
The memorandum was the basic prototype of the "Schriefen Plan". Since then, during his term, Count Schriefen led countless exercises, sand table drills and discussions for future wars, and repeatedly revised the memorandum. In December 1905,
Count Schriefen completed the last memorandum and handed it to his successor in 1906, Moltke's nephew, Xiao Moltke. At this point, the complete "Schriefen Plan" was finally taken.
The main goal of the "Schriefen Project" is naturally France.
After the defeat of the French-Prussian War, France started from the Swiss Alps and built a solid defensive fortress through Belfort, Erbinar, Tull and Verdun, just between Erbinar and Tull.
There is a gap left to connect the French-German border and a dense cross-fire is deployed on the two wings of the gap. Therefore, the center and focus of the "Schriefen Plan" is how to bypass France's long and solid defense system.
The basic content of the "Schriefen Plan" is: divide all German combat forces into the Eastern Front for Russia and the Western Front for France. Among them, the Western Front has 79 divisions, while the Eastern Front has only 10 divisions mixed with some local troops.
The distribution ratio of troops on the east and west fronts is roughly 1:8 The western front is divided into the left and right wings, with 68 divisions of the right wing troops, and part of the 11 divisions of the left wing troops are in the central area of Verdun. This is the northwest entrance to Paris, only 135 from Paris.
Miles are also the center of France's defense system against Germany. The rest are deployed on the 240-kilometer-long French-German border. The right wing in the western front is the main force of Germany and the soul of Germany's victory in the war.
According to the "Schriefen Plan", once the war begins, the German troops on the Eastern Front echo the Austro-Hungarian Army with their few forces to restrain the Russian army, with the purpose of limiting Russia to the East Prussian border. At the same time, they gathered on the right wing on the Western Front.
The Verdun region rotates southwest with the axis, and takes Belgium, a neutral country in Europe, enters France from the border of Belgium, crosses the Belgian plain, sweeps the French coast, and surrounds Paris from north, west and south, and then goes east, from
The French army surrounded its main force behind it. The mission of the left wing on the Western Front was to resist the attacks of the French army's main force.
But the cautious Moltke changed this plan to deal with what he thought was a different situation. Instead of strengthening the right wing, he reduced the strength of the right wing by one third, adding eight divisions to the left wing - this move is for France
Fortunately, due to other obstacles and delays, Moltke shortened the German invasion front that was pivoted with Metz, so that his troops drove to the east of Paris without encirclement. A few weeks later, when the Germans attempted
When they captured Paris with a frontal assault, they were repelled in the Battle of Marx and Eunuch. This is also the most serious threat posed by the German army to Paris. If Moltke did not weaken the strength of the right wing, perhaps the German army would have been in this battle.
He successfully captured Paris. The French army was likely to give up resistance because of the loss of Paris. The remaining Britain was not afraid!
The revised combat plan, perhaps called the "Schriefen-Moltke Plan", is more appropriate!