In 1934, the U.S. stock market fell into the biggest boom after the economic crisis. Qi ""qi
At the same time, the moment for German Chancellor Adolf Hitler to fully assume power in Germany finally arrived![]
As early as Hitler's failed trip to Italy, the Führer had promised Mussolini to respect the independence of Austria. This was a considerable concession. Because it was his duty to "union" his own hometown into Germany to create a greater Germany.
One of the most important goals.
Despite this promise, his own SS did not stop providing financial and moral aid to the Austrian Nazis. The Austrian Nazis engaged in terrorist activities, using German explosives to blow up railways and power stations, and using German weapons.
Supporters of the murder of Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss.
Ironically, the diminutive Dolphus was a nationalist and authoritarian reactionary. He fought back against Nazism and socialism by terminating parliamentary government. Earlier that year, Dolphus suppressed
A leftist uprising shelled socialists who occupied a real estate development company building until they surrendered.
Since then, he has concentrated on destroying the local Nazis. Since Mussolini had promised to contain Hitler and prevent him from retaliating, Dollfuss' suppression of the Nazis was fueled.
After the Röhm incident, legends abounded. The Austrian Nazis may have been inspired by the legends to take direct action. More likely, it was approved by Hitler, although there is no evidence to prove this.
In any case, they suddenly launched an uprising on June 25, codenamed "Operation Summer Festival." At noon, 15 Nazi commandos wearing Austrian military uniforms rushed into the Prime Minister's Office on Ballhaus Square in an attempt to arrest
Dolphus and his advisers. However, due to the leak of the news, all the cabinet members except two escaped, but the brave Dolphus stayed. He was shot in the throat, and the bullet was fired from a distance of 6 inches.
.While he was lying in a pool of blood and ignored, other rebels broadcast the lie on the radio that he had resigned.
After the news of the uprising reached Berlin, it was welcomed by the military officers. The German Information Bureau drafted a statement to the effect that the people carried out the uprising with justice and dignity.
"The inevitable happened. The German people in Austria rose up against their oppressors, their imprisoners and their executioners."
Hitler, who was attending the Wagner Festival in White at the time, initially pretended to be indifferent after hearing the news. Later, in the afternoon, he was worried about the possible repercussions of the uprising. Would Mussolini suspect that he was going back on his word and take action?
Supplies advantage over troops?
That night, Hitler and Brusner's family members appeared in his box to watch the performance of "Gold on the Rhine".
But it is still questionable whether he was happy to see it, because Schaub and Bruckner, who were hiding in the living room and listening to the phone, kept conveying the contents of the communiqué to his ears. One communiqué made him uneasy: Mussolini had ordered
The border massed infantry and aircraft to carry out its promise to aid Austria.
When the curtain slowly fell, it was already clear that the Vienna uprising was on the verge of failure. When Hitler returned to Wagner's home, young Friedlin found that he was "restless" and that his words were somewhat inconsistent.
His main purpose seemed to be to rush to a nearby actor's restaurant, mingle with celebrities, and create the impression that he had absolutely nothing to do with the defeat of the Nazis in Austria.
Later that night, news came from Berlin that Prime Minister Dollfuss had passed away at 6 p.m., but the rebellion had been suppressed. Hitler quickly called Wilhelmstrasse and asked State Secretary Blau for details. Blau replied:
, when the German representative in Austria, Minister Ritter, was negotiating to transport the arrested murderer safely to the German border, Hitler shouted that why Ritter acted as a mediator, this matter had nothing to do with him.
At 11 p.m., the Führer called Blau again to learn more about the situation of the arrested rebels. The "Reich Chancellor," Blau wrote in an official memorandum, "answered that the deported conspirators could be kept in custody.
Get up and then transfer to some concentration camp.”
Hitler had no choice but to turn to Papen and ask him to replace Ritter. Papen did not agree, but Hitler insisted on his opinion and prayed to him in the name of patriotism. Papen could at least interview the matter. Why couldn't he take the Führer's train?
Where was the special flight to Belet? Unable to resist the Führer's repeated insistence, Papen took off from Tempelhof Airport with his son on the afternoon of the next day.
During the flight south, Papen was distraught!
With so many people, why did Hitler look for him alone? Was it because he had opposed the terrorist activities of the Austrian underground Nazis, or was it because Dollfuss was a personal friend of him?
Upon arrival, Papen found the Führer irritable to the point of hysteria, constantly condemning the stupidity and recklessness of the Austrian Nazi Party for involving him in such a photogenic situation.
At first, Hitler rejected Papen's condition of acceptance: to relieve the people he sent from their posts as instructors of the Austrian Nazi Party. However, when Papen proposed a choice between "him and me", Hitler gave in. Papen accepted
this position.
In the living room, he met an old man, Hega Mashit. He was the president of the Reichsbank and was the next to meet the Führer.
He also received an important position as Minister of Economic Affairs. Sahit was deeply dissatisfied with the course of the empire, especially the expansion of the recent purges. But like Papen, he was convinced that he should accept the position,
To help the empire.
"There is only the possibility of working from the inside out, using every activity of government to combat the excesses of this system and to keep its policies on track."
Like Papen, he announced that he would serve temporarily. His conditions were expressed in the form of a question: "Before I take office, I would like to know how you want me to deal with the Jewish problem?"
"In terms of economic affairs," said Hitler, who was good at watching the wind and steering the ship, "the Jews can continue to do what they have always done." With Papen's help in diplomacy and Shahit, a master in accelerating armaments, Hitler could
I feel that I can safely overcome the difficulty of foreign criticism caused by the murder of Dolphus.
The one who attacked the most fiercely was Mussolini. Not only did he call Austrian Deputy Prime Minister Ernst Ludiger von Stachemburg, saying that Italy would fight for Austria's independence, he also went to Vienna to express this in person.
emotion.
"If this country of murderers and sodomites ravages Europe, then the entire civilization of Europe will be finished," he told Stachemburg. Then he attacked Hitler for instigating the rebellion in Vienna. According to Stachem
Hemburg said he was so excited that his eyes were rolling.
"Hitler was the culprit behind the murder of Dolphus. Hitler was a sinner and should be held responsible for this incident." He called Hitler a "horrible sexual degenerate and a dangerous fool..."; he said that Nazism was "an old German tribe in the primeval forest."
revolution against the Latin civilization of Rome."
Nazism is simply incomparable to fascism.
"Of course, there are superficial similarities. Both are collectivist, socialist. Both systems are opposed to liberalism. However, the fascist regime is deeply rooted in the great cultural tradition of the Italian people.
Fascism recognizes individual rights, religion and family. On the other hand, National Socialism is a brutal barbarism. Like the barbarians, it does not give individuals rights, and the chief dominates the life and death of his people. What it can produce is not
It’s nothing more than burning, killing, looting and blackmail.” He shouted: “The horrific and abominable scene that Hitler showed to the world on June 3 cannot be tolerated by any country in the world. Only these primitive Germans who are prepared to kill can
Tolerate this kind of thing!" He went on to say that there might be some benefits to Dolphin's murder. The major powers might realize the danger in Germany and organize a grand anti-Hitler alliance.
He said the United Front was the only answer. "Hitler will arm Germany and start war maybe within two or three years. I can't deal with him alone. We have to do something, and we have to do it quickly."
Mussolini was so disgusted with Hitler and Germany that he showed it in public.
“Three thousand years of history have given us the supreme privilege of looking upon certain dogmas beyond the Alps. Were these dogmas the descendants of Caesar, Virgil, and Augustus who flourished in Rome? Or were they the descendants of a completely illiterate people?
"Teach them," he declared, standing in front of a tank at the opening of the Fifth International Exposition of the Mediterranean. He privately uttered insulting words, such as "sodomites" when describing the Germans.
Murderer" etc. also began to appear in Italian newspapers and periodicals.
The shock of the purges, followed so quickly by the murder of Dollfuss, had a palpable effect on Hindenburg. His health rapidly deteriorated and he became bedridden.
His bed was a simple iron bed, but he refused to sleep on a more comfortable bed because he had always slept on a camp bed. Although he felt cold, he did not want to buy a robe. Soldiers do not wear robes.
He muttered that he had no money to buy these things and he was dying!
Hindenburg was still in the White House when the Führer learned of his rapidly deteriorating health.
He arrived in Neudijk on January 1st. He was accompanied by a small number of people, including two public relations experts. The group was treated coldly.
Oskar von Hindenburg took the Führer to the president's bedroom.
"Father." He said softly to his father: "The Imperial Prime Minister is here."
Hindenburg was lying on the bed with his eyes closed and unresponsive. Oscar repeated what he had said before. The marshal did not even open his eyes and said, "Why didn't you come earlier?"
"What did the president mean?" he asked Oscar in a low voice.
"The Reich Chancellor has only now come around," Oscar said to his father. Hindenburg only muttered: "Ah, I see." After a moment of silence, Oscar said: "Father, Reich Chancellor Hitler has a thing or two.
I would like to discuss the matter with you."
This time, the old man suddenly opened his eyes and stared at Hitler, then closed his eyes tightly and remained silent. Perhaps the president thought it was his Reich Chancellor, his Papen.
When Hitler came out of the room, his lips were tightly pursed, unwilling to talk about what he had seen.
The next day, even though Hindenburg was still alive, Hitler's cabinet passed a decree to merge the President's Office with the Prime Minister's Office. Everyone voted unanimously in favor; Papen was absent and entrusted someone else to sign on his behalf. This measure was passed after Hindenburg's death.
The date came into effect—actually only a few minutes later. The old man's words when he died were: "My country, my country!" He died on the iron bed, holding the Bible in both hands. Thank you for this
After a legal coup, Hitler now wore two titles: Führer and Reich Chancellor.
This means that he is also the supreme commander-in-chief of the three armies. His first action was to summon General von Blomberg and the commander-in-chief of the three armies.
"I swear before the Emperor that I will unconditionally obey the Reich Head of State and Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, Adolf Hitler, and the people of the Reich. As a brave soldier, I promise to abide by this oath to the death."
They took an oath!
This is unprecedented. The previous oath only required obedience to the Constitution and the President.
This oath, sworn by name, established a personal connection between the Führer and every soldier of the sea, land and air. However, no officer ever raised the slightest objection or expressed the unique wording of this oath.
Questions were raised. Before the end of the day, all the officers and soldiers of the three armies took the same oath of personal loyalty.
Adolf Hitler took full control of the supreme power in Germany!