Every country has its own glorious moments in history, and Spain is no exception.
1492 was the beginning of this glorious moment. In this year, the Kingdom of Spain under the leadership of the "Catholic Kings" occupied Grenada and completely completed the "Recovery Movement." It was also in this year that the Genoese Christopher Columbus, with the support of the Queen,
Next, he led his fleet of only three ships and headed for the other side of the Atlantic.
It was on the basis of these two events that an unprecedented Spanish empire encompassed the Iberian Peninsula, almost the entire American continent, the Philippines, the Netherlands, Milan, Sicily, Sardinia and other places where "the sun never sets"
"Empire" was born. It was the first powerful country, the first great country, and the first empire in the world at that time.
However, its rise and fall were sudden. When Philip II's "Invincible Fleet" was completely lost under the double attack of the British navy and storms, the sun of this empire also began to set. In 1648, Ni
Deland**; in 1714, Flanders, Milan, Sardinia, and even Gibraltar were ceded; in the early 19th century, Bolivar and San Martin drove the empire out of the American continent; in 1899, when the Americans ceded the Kingdom of Spain to
When the territory almost completely reached the Iberian Peninsula, this former behemoth had been completely reduced to a second-rate European country. History has forged the national character of a country. The glory and decline have created this generation of Spaniards: their bodies still flow with
The blood of the ancestors of the Romans, Goths, Christians and Moors, but they need the nourishment of modern civilization; they long for the prosperity of this motherland, but do not have confidence. The driving force for division is hidden deep in the depths of Spain: in
Economically, politically, and socially. Antonio Machado sadly called it "the two Spains". The difference between industry and agriculture not only shows the backwardness of Spain's economy, but also shows the changes in Spain's modernization revolution.
The basic situation faced. When the whirlwind of the Industrial Revolution swept across the entire European continent, Spain was late. By the 20th century, agriculture accounted for 46% of the national economy of this southern European country. Modern industry was only concentrated in the north.
of the "periphery" - Catalonia's textile factories, and the Basque steel and shipbuilding industries. Even agriculture... is surprisingly low at its level. In large swathes of southern Spain, the land belongs to outside landowners.
, cultivated by landless tenant farmers; in the central and western parts of the country, a large number of desperate small farmers are oppressed by problems such as poor land, heavy debts, and scattered land. These situations have brought about a serious polarization between rich and poor. According to an Avi
Statistics from the province of La... Among the 13,530 land taxpayers, 11,452 have a daily income of less than 1 celta. Most of these taxpayers are landowners, so you can imagine the economic status of farmers without land.
What's going on? In the cities, the living conditions of the working class are actually the same. This economic situation also shows that Spain's social structure is still in a conservative state. Although after 1875, the so-called "
The constitutional government of "enlightened monarchy", but the king, nobles, landowners, church, military officers and big businessmen still constitute the ruling class of Spain, which is the most firm and stable support team of conservative politics. The liberal bourgeoisie, middle class and intellectuals are the republic
The backbone of strength. When the Spanish fleet was wiped out in Manila Bay in 1899...it was these people who first launched the movement to "reconstruct" the already decadent country.
In the 30 years from 1898 to 1928, Spain faced a complex and uncontrollable situation: educated urban people demanded constitutional reform and even a republican form of government; nationalist movements emerged in Catalonia and the Basque Country;
Morocco, Spain and its army were involved in the last colonial war; socialist and anarchist forces began to systematically organize the people and try to overthrow the government. In the great Spanish crisis in the summer of 1917, it was only because of the intellectuals among the opposition
A schism with leftists saved King Alfonso XIII from the same fate as Tsar Nicholas II.
Finally, the Spanish Civil War inevitably broke out!
After Franco became the leader of the Spanish rebellion, the war in Spain changed a lot!
In early July 1936... the Spanish "Foreign Legion" and the "Moorish Legion" held military exercises in Quttam, Spanish Morocco. The pro-right-wing officers of the "Spanish Military League" rallied against the Republic and elected the Saint in exile in Portugal.
General Juljo was the leader. The alliance issued a declaration to all Spanish provinces and Morocco: all officers participating in the movement will receive promotions and lifetime pensions... and called for the purge of "unreliable" officers and soldiers in the army.
On the afternoon of the 17th, the Foreign Legion stationed in Genta and Melilla, Morocco, openly launched a rebellion in various cities in Spanish Morocco. The total number of rebels was about 35,000. The rebel forces imprisoned the commander-in-chief, General Gomez, and
Executed Eastern Route Army Commander Manuel = General Mosralis!
On this day, General Franco, the military governor of the Canary Islands, also mobilized his troops to start a rebellion. He issued this call: The Tatars have decided to restore order in Spain.
General Franco was already in place to lead this movement. He appealed to the sentiments of all Spaniards who were willing to work for Spain's revival."
Franco immediately flew to Tetouan, Morocco, to take command of the rebel forces.
Because Franco was so popular among the most elite Spanish African Army, other troops stationed in Morocco also participated in the rebellion. The rebel forces were so powerful that they occupied Melilla and Ceuta, and controlled all of Spanish Morocco.
On the morning of the 19th... escorted by a cruiser, the rebel troop transport fleet crossed the Strait of Gibraltar and anchored in front of the Algeciras Fortress. After a burst of artillery bombardment, the fortress surrendered. The rebel Moorish soldiers immediately landed.
Capture the city.
Eight centuries ago, their ancestors first landed on Spanish soil here.
General Franco's troops who opposed the government of the Republic...are called differently in various books: National Army, Insurgents, Fascist Rebels, etc.
In Penang, the title "National Army" is recognized by major countries including China!
Quiroga, Prime Minister of the Republic, was quite embarrassed at this time. In order to prevent the army from rebelling, he once "sent" Franco, Lopez and others to remote places such as the Canary Islands and the Balearic Islands. However, in the face of the imminent rebellion of the army,
warnings, but the government turned a deaf ear and failed to implement any effective response measures. For this reason, Quiroga had to announce his resignation on the 18th.
Quiroga's resignation was by no means only due to the rebellion in Morocco. On that day, unprecedented rebellions broke out across Spain.
From the evening of the 17th to the 18th, the National Army and the National Guard of 22,000 people launched armed rebellions across Spain. Cities such as Madrid, Barcelona, Seville, and Pamplona were all caught between the National Army and those loyal to the Republic.
During the battle between the troops and the workers and peasants.
80% of the regular army, approximately 120,000 officers and soldiers, turned to the National Army.
Also participating in the rebellion were right-wing paramilitary organizations, such as the Carlist "Volunteers". Throughout the northern front, Carlist volunteers armed with 19th-century firearms, led by their parish priests, shouted "For God and the King"
The flag of "war" stands firm on the front line.
Half of the air force also joined the movement against the Republic.
There is no doubt that the National Army has the greatest military advantage. Their only failure was that something happened when they captured the navy.
Facing the strong military strength of the National Army, the only armed force that the Republic government could rely on at that time was the Assault Guard Army established by himself. This force was brave and determined, but its number was too small and was not enough to fight against the National Army.
Although the security police also sided with the Republic at the beginning of the rebellion due to their "work habit", their political stance made it difficult for the Madrid government to trust them.
Faced with the crisis, the Spanish government took quick action and called on workers to participate in the battle to defend the Republic. "Flower of Passion" Ibargu gave a speech in Madrid: "In the face of those brutal people, the whole country trembled with anger.
These people, armed with guns and war, are bent on plunging democratic Spain into the abyss of terror. But they will not pass!"
As a result, "They will not pass!" became the unified slogan of resistance in Madrid and the entire Republic. 200,000 workers responded to the call and flocked to Madrid from all over the country to "King Qin".
The workers' fight needed weapons. The ** and other socialist parties incited them to ask for weapons from the government, but both Quiroga and the subsequent Martinez-Ballio government rejected the union's demands. The socialist parties immediately joined forces to establish the
It took only three hours for the Ballio government to fall.
The successor Jose Heral naturally no longer dared to offend these workers and their representatives, and agreed to open the arsenal.
Although Heral agreed to open the arsenal, it was impossible to distribute the weapons in stock to 300,000 workers and arm them in such a short period of time. Not to mention whether Spain itself has so many weapons is also a problem.
.Even if these weapons are distributed to workers, teaching them how to use them is time-consuming.
Despite the lack of training, the forces of the Republic finally performed extremely bravely in the battle. Especially the workers' armed forces, because they were not allocated regular weapons, many of them participated in the defense with shotguns, knives, forks, grenades or gun bags.
Went in the battle for the Republic!
In Madrid, about 10,000 people, police and soldiers loyal to the Republic stormed the Méngtana barracks. The barracks commander, General Fanghur, and his 2,500 soldiers resisted, and the Assault Guard had to call in 75mm field guns.
Finally, an officer who sympathized with the Republic opened the gate of the barracks, and the mengtana barracks was finally lost!!.