Wang Jiuling now wants money, guns, soldiers, and food. It is not an option to keep a threat in his rear.
Moreover, we now have a pretty good grasp of the situation in Tibet, and have obtained relatively detailed maps. In addition, there is a group of ethnic minorities who have finally conquered the country, and Wang Jiuling's Xikang Army will also receive support from the lower classes of ethnic minorities because they yearn for the life in Xikang.
At the same time, most of the upper class in Tibet love the country and support the central government.
The Ninth Panchen Lama Chokyi Nyima (1883-1938) was born in the Garsha Village of the former Zangdabu area. Chokyi Nyima is the dharma name of the ninth Panchen Lama. His full name is Lobsang Tuden Chokyi Nyima Gelenan.
Jiebei Sangbu, his real name is Cangzhu Gyatso, a native of Gaxia Village in the Qianzang Dabu area. He was born on the 12th of the first month of the ninth year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1883 AD) and has been engaged in the cause of fighting against imperialism. Without him, Tibet in later generations would have been
It’s really not necessarily on China’s territory.
The first anti-British war took place in the 14th year of Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1888 AD). At that time, the British completely occupied Chemengxiong (Sikkim) and bordered Tibet. In order to prevent the British from invading, the Tibetan people moved to Chemengxiong, which borders Sikkim.
In order to show the determination of the Tibetan monks and lay people to resist the British, in the 13th year of Guangxu (1887), all officials of the seventh grade and above of the three major monasteries in Tibet, Tashilhunpo Monastery, and the Tibetan local government were established to prevent the British from crossing.
, made a public announcement to Minister Wen Shuo, who was stationed in Tibet, stating, "Even if there are worries about men exterminating women and women being exterminated, we can only take revenge and resist. We will always resist and have no other thoughts." The then Minister Wen Shuo, who was stationed in Tibet, was loyal to his duties and stood firm
On the side of the Tibetan people, they fully supported their just struggle against the British. However, due to the Qing government's policy of foreign submission at that time, and the huge gap between the new British weapons and the Tibetan army's bows, arrows, swords, spears and muskets, the Longtu Defense Line was captured by the British.
It was the first anti-British war in the history of Tibet. In the first anti-British war, the attitude of the Communist Party and the Panchen Lama were completely consistent. The three major monasteries took the lead in the Panchen Lama's action.
Among the Tibetan troops heading to the front line, there were also militiamen from the areas under the jurisdiction of the Panchen Lama. On January 4, 1904 (the 30th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), the British army captured Chunpi and Pali on the 6th. On April 11, the British army arrived at Gyantse.
Another fierce battle broke out, the Gyantse fortress was destroyed, the Tibetan army suffered heavy losses, and the British army also suffered many casualties. This was the famous Gyantse defense battle in Tibetan history. In early August, the British army captured Lhasa. ** When the British army arrived in Lhasa,
On the eve of the eve, in order to avoid being captured by the British army, he was forced to flee, passed through Qinghai, and arrived in Outer Mongolia. In response, the minister stationed in Tibet "impeached" the Thirteenth Emperor in a memorial to the Qing government for "being domineering and arrogant on weekdays, and absconding without a trace in emergencies.
Please remove the name of the ** Lama." The Qing government replied: "The name of the ** Lama will be temporarily removed and the Panchen Erdeni will be temporarily photographed." However, the ninth Panchen Lama had political foresight and took the overall situation into consideration.
Considering that when the Thirteenth Panchen Lama was away from Tibet, having him act as the deputy leader would only increase the gap between them and be very detrimental to the unity within Tibet. Therefore, after receiving the notice from the Minister in Tibet, the Ninth Panchen Lama
, "Back Tibet is an urgent area, local official affairs need to be taken care of, and Hou Tibet is only two days away from Gyantse, and the British come and go frequently, so it is particularly advisable to take strict precautions. If you go to Front Tibet alone, you may risk taking care of one thing and losing the other."
The British imperialists took advantage of the opportunity of the Thirteenth Emperor's escape and ordered Colonel Ekannuo, who was stationed in Gyantse, to lead the British army on September 24, the thirty-first year of Guangxu (AD 1905).
More than 50 troops suddenly arrived in Shigatse. On the pretext that he was about to return to China in the near future, they came to say goodbye to the 9th Panchen. The 9th Panchen received Ekonnu very politely. During the interview, Ekonnu suddenly proposed that the 9th Panchen go to India.
"The Panchen Lama immediately replied: It is not difficult for me to go to India, but I must report to Chen Qinxian and the emperor's special permission before I can set off. Otherwise, it will be difficult to obey the order. The British official said that the country has faith, so I can't go. Please think carefully.
Such words" and threatened the British army to occupy Shigatse and Yishilunpo Monastery. Under this circumstance, the 9th Panchen Lama left Shigatse for India on October 12, the 31st year of Guangxu (AD 1905).
When he met the British Crown Prince after arriving in India, O'Konnuo asked the Panchen Lama to kneel down. "If the Panchen Lama didn't comply, you should say that I only kneel down before the great emperor. If not, I will still hold my hands as usual." At that time, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Qing Dynasty government "has telegraphed to India.
The imperial envoys and Indian governors, etc., can come to India for the Panchen Lama to attend meetings. If they are forced to intervene in Tibetan affairs, even if the Panchen Lama is ordered to personally sign and seal the letter, it will be regarded as waste paper." In this way, the British conspiracy failed, and they had to send generous gifts to Jiujiu.
The ninth Panchen Lama and his party returned to Gyantse in December 1905. After resting for two days in Gyantse, they returned to Tashilhunpo Monastery. This time the Panchen Lama was forced to go to India and did not do anything that undermined his sovereignty.
However, after the Thirteenth Emperor returned to Tibet from Darjeeling in 1912, the relationship between the Emperor and the Panchen Lama gradually deteriorated. The reason was that in 1915, the Emperor established the Ji Zong (equivalent to the Mainland Administrative Commissioner's Office) in Shigatse.
, appointed the monk Luo Sang Dunzhu and the lay official Mu Xia as the foundation ancestors (the chief officials of the later Tibet).
The power of the Ji Zong is very great. In addition to governing all the sects in Houzang, they also have jurisdiction over the four sects and all Xikas belonging to the Panchen Lama. This violates the Panchen's inherent status and authority. After the establishment of the Ji Zong
, that is, levying and apportioning military grain taxes and ulats to the people in the Panchen's jurisdiction. This has worsened the relationship between the Panchen and the Communist Party.
In 1916, the Panchen Lama wrote to Xi Jinping, pointing out that Ji Zong had improperly interfered with the temple affairs, and requested a meeting to resolve the problem. Xi Jinping replied to the letter and refused. In the spring of 1919, Xi Jinping agreed to go to Lhasa to meet with the Panchen Lama, but to no avail.
In this way, it was not until 1923 that the Communist Party ordered several responsible officials of Tashilhunpo Monastery to go to Lhasa. After these officials arrived in Lhasa, they were thrown into prison without trial. When the Panchen Lama learned the news, he felt that
Xianguang, who was facing a catastrophe, knew that if he did not escape, his life would be endangered, so he immediately decided to flee to the mainland. However, he was afraid that Shigatseki would find out, so he made necessary arrangements. On the night of November 15, 1923, the Ninth Panchen Lama led 15 attendants
, fled to the north, and no one knew that three days later, on the evening of November 18, more than 100 people including the ninth Panchen Lama Subon Kambulosang Gyaltsen escaped by moonlight and chased the Panchen Lama. They traveled for five days and nights before they were together.
, proceed straight to Qiangtang in northern Tibet, and from there cross the Tanggula Mountains and enter Qinghai.
When he arrived in Lanzhou on May 4th of the lunar calendar in 1924, Gansu Governor Lu Hongtao led officials and thousands of troops to greet the Panchen Lama in the suburbs of Lanzhou. The streets he passed were paved with yellow cloth and colorful archways were erected, "prepared with great solemnity" Cao Cao, President of the Beiyang Government.
Kun sent Li Naifen as the "Welcoming Commissioner" and led a hundred guards from Beijing to Lanzhou to welcome him. He has been in exile since then. Tibetan affairs are controlled by the 13th Lama. He pursues a "fence-riding policy" and a wait-and-see attitude from both sides.
, the one who has been carrying out separatist activities in Waigao in later generations is the 14th Lama named Tenzin Gyatso