In the early days of the Bangkok Dynasty, the monarch continued to implement the strict hierarchical "Sakdina" system, strengthened centralized rule, and also reformed the old corvee system and taxation system. The main measures were to reduce the corvee time and increase the items of physical taxes. Therefore, the personal
Dependence has been alleviated. Due to the development of Thonburi, Bangkok and nearby areas, the fertile plains of the Chao Phraya River Delta have been developed into new agricultural farming areas. The rice cultivation area has gradually expanded, and the cultivation of sugar cane and pepper has also developed. Sugar and sugar production have also been developed.
The salt and metal processing industries also emerged. Navigation, shipbuilding and the corresponding wood mining and processing industries also developed with the development of foreign trade. The development of trade and production attracted residents from southern China, especially the coastal areas of Guangdong, to come and make a living.
, these Chinese expatriates are welcomed by local residents and the government
In modern times, the Bangkok Dynasty passed down to the era of the fourth king, King Monggu, or Emperor Magu (i.e. Rama IV, reigned from 1851 to 1868). India and China, two ancient civilizations in Asia, have become colonies of Western powers.
As a semi-colony, King Mongkut succumbed to British pressure and signed the Anglo-Siam Trade Treaty with British government representative J. Pauling in 1855. The treaty destroyed Siam's traditional judicial independence, tariff autonomy and the palace's policy of monopolizing foreign trade.
Western powers also followed suit and came to sign treaties. From then on, Siam became a semi-colony (see the Pauling Treaty). At the same time, due to the invasion of Western countries, the Bangkok Dynasty also had to start a policy of opening up the country.
From the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, Britain and France had established British India and French Indochina colonies on the east and west sides of Siam respectively. In 1896, Britain and France signed the Declaration on Siam and other places, which listed Siam as between the two colonies.
"Buffer State", and then Britain and France delimited their sphere of influence in 1904: to the east of the Chao Phraya River was the French sphere of influence, and to the west was the British sphere of influence. Although Siam did not become a colony of the great powers, it was the only country in Southeast Asia that remained politically independent.
It is an independent country, but it is surrounded by Western forces and is still suppressed by Britain and France.
The fifth-generation king, Rama V, Chulalongkorn the Great (reigned from 1868 to 1910), followed the trend of historical development and drew on the experience of Western countries. He led a modernization reform movement and introduced Western administration, taxation, and education.
and the military system. The traditional "Sakdina" system was replaced by the salary system. Slavery was abolished. The king hired foreign consultants to serve in various government departments and sent young people to study in the West. The focus of diplomatic activities also tilted towards Siam in the West.
On the road of learning from the West (see Chulalongkorn's reforms), the influence of Western political thought and the impact of the world economic crisis from 1929 to 1933 on Siam led to the outbreak of the coup on June 24, 1932.
, after a bloodless revolution, Siam became a constitutional monarchy. From then on, Siam formulated a constitution and established a constitutional monarchy.
There is one person who must be mentioned in this coup. He is Siam’s Defense Minister Luang Phibun. Songkram was born in Nonthaburi Province on July 14, 1897. He is of Chinese descent and his ancestral home is Chaozhou, Guangdong, China. He graduated from Bangkok in 1916.
After being awarded the rank of second lieutenant at the Army Officer School, he attended the Bangkok Staff School. Due to his excellent academic performance, he was sent to France to study. During his stay in France, he was influenced by bourgeois political ideas and advocated reforming the Thai monarchy's political system, and participated in the Piri Phanomrong Organization.
After graduating from the "Thai Alumni Association in France" in 1927, he returned to China, was promoted to major, served as director of the Directorate of the Anti-aircraft Artillery and Air Defense Force, and also served as a strategic lecturer at the Staff Military Academy.
In 1928, he joined the People's Party to participate in Thailand's 1932 coup and was recommended as a member of the first cabinet. On June 24, 1933, he showed extraordinary military talent in repelling the constitutional struggle of his mother, Prince Wang Yuan, who opposed the coup, and was promoted to colonel in 1934.
In September 2001, he was appointed Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Minister of Defense.
The Luang Phibun government that came to power in 1938 implemented the "Thai nationalist policy", which caused national oppression internally and was exploited by Japanese imperialism externally. On December 7, 1941, Japan launched the Pacific War, Luang Phibun; the Songkhram government
Japan signed an Offensive and Defensive Alliance Treaty under threats and inducements. On January 25, 1942, it declared war on Britain and the United States, and formally joined the Axis Powers in World War II. During the war, Japan occupied part of the territory in Burma and the northern part of the Malayan Peninsula.
It was ceded to Siam until Japan was defeated and surrendered on August 15, 1945. Siam immediately announced the next day: "Siam's declaration of war against Britain and the United States on January 25, 1942 is invalid." Siam's declaration of "null and void" was recognized by the Allies.
According to intelligence, this person is primarily responsible for this incident. He has always had close contacts with the Japanese. This person was able to become Siam's Minister of Defense and Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Army. In fact, there are many Japanese shadows in it. He has long been colluded with
I fell in love with the Japanese, and the Japanese were also preparing for future invasion, and they also needed such a person. Both sides had the same bad taste.
The alienation between the Chinese and the Thai people has already taken root in Luang Phibun's heart. However, if Wang Jiuling had not arrived, he would have to wait until he formed a cabinet to fully implement "Great Thaiism". This time, he had the support of the Japanese and the British.
People support Luang Phibun. He is already the Minister of Defense and the Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Army. No one can do anything to him.
As for the actions against the Chinese and Xikang, Luang Phibun believed that they would not bring any harm to him. Although he had heard of Wang Jiuling, there might be two brushes, but Siam could survive in the cracks of imperialism.
, also has his advantages, not to mention that this time Britain, the most powerful in the world, and Japan, the most powerful in Asia, are on his side, so he is not afraid anymore.
No matter how powerful Wang Jiuling is, his strength is there. Let alone Japan and the United Kingdom, even if Siam fights against Wang Jiuling alone, it will not lose. At most, the border will suffer some disaster.
At this time, Siam had a population of 15 million, and the various armies totaled more than 200,000. The three armies were complete, the air force was well equipped, and after reform, their industrial capacity could not only produce rifles, artillery,
Even armored vehicles can be produced, but they are just imitations. The latest tank in Siam is the British-made Vickers 6-ton tank introduced in 1932. It has been continuously produced and imitated in the past two years. The specific scale is not very clear. Before
Wang Jiuling and the intelligence department focused all their attention on Myanmar. The Thai side only understood the general situation there. It was not until they got Cochin this year that they increased their intelligence penetration of Siam because of the border.
After all, this country joined the Japanese during World War II. It may not have done much, so it is basically not mentioned in the book. However, it is an enemy with the Japanese, especially since the territories are bordering. When Wang Jiuling defeated the French, he took over French Cochin.
When it comes to Annan, there are hundreds of thousands of kilometers of border to the west. We have to be careful. This kind of country is very capable of causing trouble.
------Happy National Day, the new January has begun, I wish you all smooth work and be picked up by girls every day! Four consecutive National Day posts!!!