A brief introduction to the historical figure Jiang Guangnai in the book

Jiang Guangnai (1887~1967), courtesy name Jingran, Han nationality, native of Dongguan, Guangdong. His ancestral home is Nanzha Village, Humen Town, Dongguan, Guangdong. He is a famous patriotic anti-Japanese general in my country. He participated in the Revolution of 1911 and served as division commander of the National Revolutionary Army and deputy commander of the Eleventh Army. Captain, participated in the Central Plains War, and later served as commander-in-chief of the 19th Route Army and commander of the Songhu Garrison. In 1949, he served as a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and later served as minister of the Ministry of Textile Industry of China and member of the Standing Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

Jiang Guangnai graduated from Baoding Army Officer School. In 1923, he joined the Guangdong Army as company commander and was promoted to deputy division commander. During the Northern Expedition in 1926, he served as deputy commander of the 11th Army of the National Revolutionary Army and commander of the 10th Division. In 1930, he was appointed as the 19th Division Commander.

Commander-in-Chief of the Route Army and Commander of the Songhu Garrison. On January 28, 1932, he led the 19th Route Army to fight against the Japanese invasion. He later served as Chairman of the Fujian Provincial Government and Director of the Appeasement Office in Fujian. In November 1933, he worked with Li Jishen and Chen Mingshu in Fujian.

, Cai Tingkai and others launched the Fujian Incident and established the People's Revolutionary Government of the Republic of China in Fujian. After the failure, they went to Hong Kong. In 1935, they united with the former 19th Route Army generals to oppose Chiang Kai-shek and advocated uniting with the Communist Party to resist Japan. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he

Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Seventh War Zone. In 1946, he participated in the organization of the China GMD Democracy Promotion Association. In September 1949, he attended the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he successively served as Minister of the Textile Industry Department of the Central People's Government, China

He was a member of the Standing Committee of the National Committee of the People's Political Consultative Conference and a member of the Standing Committee of the Central Committee of the Revolutionary Committee of the Communist Party of China. He died in Beijing on June 8, 1967.

Join the Revolution of 1911

Jiang Guangnai's original name was You, later changed to Guangnai, and his courtesy name was Jingran. In 1946, he initiated the organization of the China Communist Democracy Promotion Association. In 1947, he participated in organizing the China Communist Revolutionary Committee. He served successively as a member of the first Central Committee of the Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee, the second, third, and fourth Central Committee of the Kuomintang.

Standing Committee.

Jiang Guangnai was born on December 17, 1888 in Tongyuanfang, Nanzha Township, Humen, Dongguan County, Guangdong Province (now part of Sanjiang Village). His grandfather, Jiang Lixiang, was a Jinshi in Guichou in the third year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty. He was awarded the title of editor of the Hanlin Academy in the third year of Tongzhi. His father, Jiang Zimin,

, was a candidate for the Dingyou imperial examination in the 23rd year of Guangxu's reign in the Qing Dynasty, and went to Beijing to teach at Jingshan Official School. His mother, Mrs. Zheng, was also from Dongguan, Guangdong. She came from a well-established family and was well-educated and well-educated.

Jiang Guangnai stayed in his hometown with his mother and studied literacy with his eldest brother who taught a private school. On November 18, 1903, Mrs. Zheng died of illness. Before her death, she told Jiang Guangnai to "abandon literature and pursue martial arts", which was important to Jiang Guangnai throughout his life.

It had a great influence. Jiang Zimin was not recognized for his talent and died of illness in Beijing, only 10 days later than his wife, at the age of 48.

After his parents died one after another, the family fortunes declined, and Jiang Guangnai, who was 14 years old, began to seek a way out on his own. In 1904, he was admitted to Dongguan Normal School with excellent results and became a normal student with room and board. In 1906, he moved to Guangzhou in Huangpu

During the second enrollment period of Army Primary School, he and his classmates and friends Zhang Tingfu and Yuan Xuqi signed up to take the exam and were admitted. After being introduced by his classmate Chen Mingshu, Jiang Guangnai joined the Tongmenghui shortly after enrolling.

In 1909, Jiang Guangnai graduated from Army Primary School and was promoted to Nanjing Fourth Army Middle School. On October 10, 1911, after the news of the uprising launched by the Wuchang New Army reached Nanjing, members of the Tongmenghui of Nanjing Fourth Army Middle School immediately prepared for the uprising.

Because the school had hidden weapons, the students thought it would be difficult to succeed with bare hands, so they decided to go to Wuchang to join the uprising team. Jiang Guangnai, Li Zhangda, Yuan Xuqi, Zhang Tingfu and Chen Guofu from Jiangsu Army Primary School were among the first batch, led by Chen Mingshu, who arrived in Wuchang in late October.

They reported to the Dudu Mansion. They were organized into the Second Death Squadron of the Central Committee and participated in the landing operation at the Dragon King Temple in Hankou the next day. After the defeat, they withdrew to Wuchang.

On November 16, Huang Xing personally commanded the launch of the general attack on Hankou. As a supervising member of the general headquarters, Jiang Guangnai followed the Third Route Rebel Army from Hanyang to attack Hankou. However, the battle failed because the First and Second Route Rebel Army did not cooperate. Jiang Guangnai

When he retreated to the shore of the Han River, the pontoon bridge had been squeezed and many soldiers fell into the water. Fortunately, he caught the last boat and returned to Hanyang.

After the attack was thwarted, some students wanted to retreat and left without saying goodbye. Jiang Guangnai stayed and continued to fight. He first blocked the Qing army in Hanyang. After Hanyang fell, he moved to Wuchang and continued to confront the Qing army.

After the signing of the North-South Peace Agreement, the Nanjing Provisional Government was established on New Year's Day in 1912 and immediately began to disband the army. Jiang Guangnai happened to receive the admission notice for the first phase of the Baoding Army Officer School and was able to continue his studies. Before registration, he returned to his hometown and met with his classmates.

Tan Miaonan from Daning Township in the county got married. Soon after his marriage, he entered the cavalry department of Baoding Military Academy to study.

In June 1913, the news that Jiangxi Li Liejun was preparing to crusade against Yuan secretly reached Baoding Military Academy. Jiang Guangnai, his classmates Zhang Tingfu, Ji Fang and more than 30 people resolutely left the school and rushed to Jiangxi. Li Liejun took office as the commander-in-chief of the army to crusade against Yuan Shikai, and sent electricity to the whole country to crusade against Yuan Shikai, officially

The prelude to the "Second Revolution" kicked off. Li Liejun appointed Fang Shengtao as the commander of the right-wing army, and Jiang Guangnai as the major staff officer of the right-wing army headquarters. The Yuan army was defeated because it was outnumbered. Jiang Guangnai and his classmate Zhang Tingfu retreated into Fujian along a small road with a group of defeated troops.

After going through many hardships, he arrived in Fuzhou and then took a boat to Shanghai. At the end of 1913, through a relationship with Zhang Tingfu, he worked as a boilermaker on a freighter bound for Nagasaki and arrived in Japan safely.

At that time, Huang Xing, Li Liejun and others founded a military school in Omori on the outskirts of Tokyo to take in and train revolutionary comrades who had been exiled overseas as the basic force for returning to China to fight against Yuan Shikai. In order to deceive others, it was called "Haoran Lu" and was presided over by Yin Ruli.

Jiang Guangnai and Zhang Tingfu entered "Haoran House" to study after arriving in Tokyo from Nagasaki. They also studied at the same time as Chen Mingshu, Hu Jingyi, Lu Chao and nearly a hundred others.

At the beginning of 1915, the domestic arrests of revolutionaries had eased. Jiang Guangnai returned to his long-lost hometown before the Spring Festival to visit his newlywed wife and his son whom he had not yet met. At this time, the family was left alone. Three brothers had died one after another, and his sister had also married.

, there was only an unmarried younger brother at home, and his wife and children relied on the support of his father-in-law's family to survive. However, due to the situation, he only stayed for about 20 days, and then left in a hurry with guilt for his relatives.

Jiang Guangnai, Zhang Tingfu, and Li Zhangda left their hometown and went to Hong Kong. They rented a wooden house beside Kowloon Tong and made a living by growing and selling flowers. Later, with the help of Yuan Xuqi, they published a propaganda paper "People's Daily" that promoted revolution and denounced Yuan Shikai.

, which was quite popular with the public at the time.

Early military history:

In the spring of 1916, Cai E and others launched the National Defense Movement in Yunnan and launched the Northern Expedition. Li Liejun led the Second Front Army of the Protective Yunnan Army to Guangdong to expel Long Jiguang. Jiang Guangnai and other four people detoured to Vietnam and entered Guangxi to join the National Protective Army. He was

He was assigned to his old boss Fang Shengtao and served as the major staff officer of the second echelon regiment. On the way to Guangdong, news came that Yuan Shikai had died of illness in Beijing. The morale of the National Guard Army was greatly boosted and they successfully entered Guangzhou. However, after arriving in Guangzhou, Jiang Guangnai discovered that Long Ji

Although Guang had been driven away, the real power in Guangdong fell into the hands of the Guangxi warlord Lu Rongting. Feeling quite discouraged, Jiang Guangnai, together with his friends Li Zhangda, Zhang Tingfu, and Yuan Xuqi, moved into the Damei Hall of Liurong Temple and became apprentices to learn Buddhism. Soon they

, Chen Mingshu also came to study Buddhism with them.

During their stay at Liurong Temple, they studied Buddhist classics with Master Tiechan, the presiding master, and took on Buddhist names, such as Li Zhangda's name "Nanming", Chen Mingshu's name "Zhenru", and Jiang Guangnai's name "Jingran", because "Jing" is the same as his original name.

The ancient pronunciation of "煚" is the same, and it is a metaphor for the perception of life, so he always used "槚Ran" as the character later on.

In September 1917, an extraordinary session of the National Assembly elected Sun Yat-sen as the Grand Marshal of the zhmg military government, and Fang Shengtao as the garrison commander of the Generalissimo's Mansion. Jiang Guangnai left the monastery and served as the Major Company Commander of the First Company of the Guard Battalion, and later became the staff officer. Sun Yat-sen organized an organization to assist Fujian and Guangdong

During the military period, Chen Jiongming was the commander and Jiang Guangnai was the major staff officer. In June 1919, he followed Zhu Zhixin to Hong Kong to set up a Guangxi office to cooperate with the military operations of assisting the Fujian and Guangdong troops to return to Guangdong.

In the summer of 1920, Jiang Guangnai was sent by Zhu Zhixin to contact Chen Mingshu, who commanded the fourth battalion of Zhaojun stationed in Yangjiang, and sent the troops to Humen. Unfortunately, Zhu Zhixin was killed while mediating a dispute between the Humen garrison and the militia.

In May 1921, Sun Yat-sen took office as the "Extraordinary President" of the zhmg and established the presidential palace guard regiment. Jiang Guangnai was transferred to the rank of major adjutant of the guard regiment. In June 1922, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel of the second guard regiment. On June 16, Chen Jiongming bombarded the president.

When he was in the presidential palace, Jiang Guangnai led his team to participate in the battle to defend the presidential palace. Later, he was appointed by Sun Yat-sen to go to Hong Kong and other places to recruit the dispersed officers and soldiers.

After returning to Guangdong, Jiang Guangnai was transferred to the position of commander of the 3rd Battalion, 4th Regiment, 2nd Brigade. However, before taking office, he heard the news that the battalion commander Cai Tingkai had abandoned his post. It turned out that Cai Tingkai was the oldest in the battalion.

Company commander, and outstanding military exploits, so after the battalion commander was promoted, all the officers and soldiers in the battalion thought that he would be promoted to battalion commander and had already congratulated him one after another. When he learned that Jiang Guangnai was transferred from outside to be the battalion commander, Cai Da had an accident and resigned in anger.

And left. However, after Jiang Guangnai took office, he quickly won the support of his subordinates for his ability, fairness and generous attitude towards others.

In August 1923, Jiang Guangnai was promoted to the commander of the 1st Division Supplementary Regiment. In January 1924, Sun Yat-sen reorganized the Guangdong Army, and he was transferred to the 2nd Regiment of the 1st Brigade, 1st Division of the Founding Guangdong Army. Cai Tingkai, who had fled, was appointed to the 2nd Regiment.

Commander of the 1st Battalion of the 2nd Regiment, which began their decades-long cooperation experience.

In November 1924, at the invitation of Feng Yuxiang, Sun Yat-sen went north to discuss the status of the country. The warlord Chen Jiongming, who was entrenched in the Beijiang area of ​​​​Guangdong, took the opportunity to raise troops, and the Guangdong military government launched the first Eastern Expedition. Jiang Guangnai led the 2nd Regiment to act as the vanguard of the entire army and repeatedly defeated the enemy.

military.

On March 12, 1925, Sun Yat-sen died of illness in Beijing, and the Guangdong revolutionary regime lost its most authoritative leader. The Yunnan-Guangxi warlords Yang Ximin and Liu Zhenhuan, who were appointed as commanders-in-chief of the Eastern Expedition Left Army and the Middle Route Army, not only stood still, but also fought with the rebels.

They colluded with each other and led their troops to launch a rebellion. In June, Jiang Guangnai was ordered to lead his troops and other Eastern Expedition troops to rush back to Guangzhou at night to put down the rebellion.

On July 1, the National Government in Guangzhou was established, and the Military Commission of the National Government subsequently established decided to reorganize the National Revolutionary Army. The original 1st Division of the Guangdong Army was expanded into the 4th Army, with Li Jishen as the commander and Chen Mingshu as the commander of the 10th Division.

Jiang Guangnai was appointed deputy division commander and commander of the 28th Regiment.

On August 20, Liao Zhongkai, one of the main leaders of gmd, was assassinated. During the process of tracing the murderer, gmd veteran Hu Hanmin was sent to Soviet Russia to "recuperate" on suspicion. Xu Chongzhi, commander-in-chief of the Guangdong Army, was forced to leave, and the military and political affairs

Power fell into the hands of Chiang Kai-shek. The remnants of Chen Jiongming, who had retreated to the border between Fujian and Guangdong, took the opportunity to reoccupy Dongjiang and invade Guangzhou. Chen Jiongming's accomplice Deng Benyin also gathered other counterrevolutionary forces and attacked Xijiang from Leizhou Peninsula in an attempt to attack Guangzhou with Chen Jiongming.

The Nationalist Government launched the Second Eastern Expedition in October and at the same time sent troops to conduct the southern expedition. Jiang Guangnai led the 28th Regiment as the vanguard of the southern expedition and advanced with the 12th Division. When he learned that the 12th Division had colluded with the enemy, Jiang Guangnai was not afraid of danger.

, led his troops to guard Shanshuikou, the choke point leading to Jiangmen, and fought against the enemy forces several times his own. They fought fiercely for three days and nights. Finally, with the help of friendly forces, they defeated the enemy forces in one fell swoop. He also led his troops as the vanguard of the entire army and continued

After the pursuit, all the remaining enemies on the south road were finally cleared, which contributed to the unification of the Guangdong base area.

After the remnants of the enemy were eliminated, Jiang Guangnai led his troops to garrison and rest in the Beihai and Qinzhou areas. During this period, he met Liu Muyu, and the two soon became husband and wife (Chiang's first wife, Tan Miaonan, died of tuberculosis).

On July 9, 1926, the National Revolutionary Army officially set out for the Northern Expedition, with the 4th Army as the vanguard. At this time, Jiang Guangnai was no longer concurrently the commander of the 28th Regiment due to busy affairs in the division, and Cai Tingkai was promoted to the commander.

With the support of the people, the Northern Expedition progressed smoothly. Jiang Guangnai led his troops to participate in the battle to attack Pingjiang and Yuezhou. During the siege of Wuchang, the 28th Regiment of the 10th Division took advantage of the enemy's surrender and took the lead in breaking the city. Jiang Guangnai once described this battle as

The experiences and lessons learned were summarized and written as "A Summary of the Process of the Siege of Wuchang".

After resting for a while in Wuhan, Jiang Guangnai was ordered to lead the army with Zhang Fakui to support Nanxun, Jiangxi Province. At Mahuiling and De'an, they defeated the main force of Sun Chuanfang's army and stabilized the war situation. In November of the same year, the 10th Division of the 4th Army was expanded into the 11th Army.

Chen Mingshu was promoted to Army Commander, Jiang Guangnai was appointed Deputy Army Commander and Commander of the 10th Division, Dai Ji was appointed Commander of the 24th Division, and Cai Tingkai was appointed Deputy Division Commander.

After the National Government moved to Wuhan, the conflict with Chiang Kai-shek intensified. Chen Mingshu was unwilling to fight with other fraternal troops, so he resigned from Wuhan in March 1927 and went to Chiang Kai-shek in Nanchang. Chiang Guangnai and Dai Ji also left one after another, and Jiang Guangnai was appointed by Chiang Kai-shek.

He was the commander of the 22nd Division. The Wuhan government appointed Zhang Fakui, commander of the 4th Army, to concurrently serve as commander of the 11th Army. Zhang Fakui appointed Cai Tingkai as the commander of the 10th Division and Ye Ting as the commander of the 24th Division.

On April 12, 1927, Chiang Kai-shek launched an anti-communist purge operation and immediately established the National Government in Nanjing, forming a confrontation between Ninghan and Ninghan. In July of the same year, under the orders of the Wuhan National Government, the 11th Army moved east from Wuhan to attack Chiang Kai-shek. Ye Ting led

The 24th Division was the forward. Cai Tingkai's division was under the command of Ye Ting. After arriving in Nanchang, it participated in the "August 1st Uprising" led by the Communist Party of China. However, when the uprising troops marched south to Guangdong, Cai Tingkai led his troops to Jinxian and then left.

The uprising team, dismissed all gcd members in the division, and sent troops to escort them out safely. Cai Tingkai led his troops to Hekou Town, Qianshan County, and waited to observe the changes.

In September, Jiang Guangnai arrived at Hekou from Shanghai carrying 100,000 yuan in cash to meet the most urgently needed food expenses for the troops, and decided to obey the Nanjing central government after the merger of Ninghan and Nanjing. The organizational structure of the 11th Army was restored, and Jiang Guangnai remained as deputy commander, with the 10th Army

The division was divided into the 24th Division. Chiang and Cai led their troops into Fujian. After arriving in Fuzhou, at the request of local people's representatives, they disarmed the Tan Shuqing Department of the newly formed 1st Army, which was causing harm to the people, and the obtained firearms enriched the 24th Division. The situation in Fuzhou

After stabilization, Chiang and Cai called to welcome Chen Mingshu, who was in Japan, to return to the army and resume his duties. Chen Mingshu returned to China immediately after receiving the call and resumed his duties. After contacting Li Jishen, who was the chairman of the Guangzhou Political Branch at the time, Chen Mingshu decided to return to Guangdong to rest.

At that time, Zhang Fakui and others had already led the 4th Army into Guangdong, and were wary of the 11th Army's entry into Guangdong, so the 11th Army moved to Fujian and waited in the Guangdong border area. In November, Zhang Fakui and others launched the "Guangzhou Incident" and expelled Li Jishen and Huang Shaohong.

In Guangdong's forces, the 11th Army, with the cooperation of Chen Jitang and Huang Shaohong of the Guangxi Clan, defeated the 4th Army.

In January 1929, the National Army Deployment Committee decided to downsize the entire army. The 11th Army was downsized into the 3rd Division and the 2nd Independent Brigade in the Guangdong Dispatch Area. Jiang Guangnai was appointed as the commander of the 3rd Division, and Cai Tingkai was appointed as the commander of the 2nd Independent Brigade.

After the first Guangdong-Guangxi War broke out, Jiang Guangnai, Cai Tingkai and others led their troops to repel the Guangxi army's attack and defend Guangzhou. In August, the Nanjing National Government adjusted the national army designation, and Jiang Guangnai's 3rd Division was changed to the 61st Division. He still served as

Division Commander, Cai Tingkai's division was changed to the 60th Division, with Cai serving as division commander.

At the end of the same year, Zhang Fakui joined forces with Guangxi to fight against Chiang Kai-shek and invaded Guangzhou, breaking out the second Guangdong-Guangxi War. Jiang Guangnai took command of the right-wing army, repulsed the Zhang and Guangxi coalition forces, and pursued the victory to Wuzhou, Guangxi. In February 1930, Zhang Fakui led his army into Guangdong again.

, Jiang Guangnai, who was stationed in Wuzhou, led his troops to attack Huang Shaohong's troops of the Gui army in Guangxi, forcing Huang to ask Zhang Fakui for help, and Zhang returned from Guangdong. The two sides started a fierce battle in Beiliu, and Jiang Guangnai commanded it well. After several iterations, he finally won the battle.

of victory.

At this time, the Guangxi clique joined the anti-Chiang alliance headed by Yan Xishan and Feng Yuxiang, and decided to join forces with Yan and Feng to attack Chiang Kai-shek. In early June, the Zhang and Gui coalition forces captured Changsha and continued to advance northward, threatening Wuhan. Chiang Kai-shek urgently mobilized the 60th and 61st Divisions

Entering Hunan, cutting off the retreat of the Zhang and Gui armies. The Zhang and Gui armies returned to fight. Jiang Guangnai defeated the Zhang and Gui armies when the enemy was outnumbered.

After Chiang Kai-shek learned of their victory, due to the critical situation of the Jinpu Line, he ordered Jiang Guangnai to lead troops to quickly reinforce the troops. With Jiang Guangnai as the commander of the 1st column, he had jurisdiction over the 60th and 61st Divisions and Chen Cheng's 18th Division. Jiang Guangnai led the troops to detour back to Yan Xishan's Jin Army.

In the rear, he defeated the Jin army around Tai'an and cut off the Jin army's retreat at Dawen River and other places, causing the Jin army to collapse without a fight. Then, on the order of Chiang Kai-shek, he led his army to quickly capture Jinan, reversing the previous victory.

Passive situation. On August 17, Chiang Kai-shek organized the 60th and 61st Divisions into the 19th Route Army, and appointed Jiang Guangnai as the commander-in-chief and general. Chiang Kai-shek visited Jinan in person to commend the troops, and transferred the 19th Route Army to the Longhai Line to attack Feng Yuxiang's troops.
To be continued...