When Mao Bang arrived in Bianliang, he moved into his own house in Xuanrenfang.
The house was given by King Liang.
At that time, Bianliang had a large number of servant households, so they directly "whitewashed" these laborers, built a large number of residences, and gave them to civil and military officials.
The location of Xuanrenfang is average, not far from Dingding Gate and not close to the palace city, but it is good for middle and lower-level officials.
Even if you become a high-ranking official in the future, if you don't have an official residence, you will still live here. It can be passed down to your descendants after your death. This type of house with two front courtyards and two courtyards in the capital city is unusual and very popular.
After checking in, Mao's wife pointed at the servants carrying luggage and the maid sweeping the courtyard with a cheerful face.
Several Xianbei soldiers took the horse to the side and washed it carefully.
Several other people stood at the door with weapons, heads held high and chests held high, while looking curiously at the famous Bianliang City.
I'm just a little disappointed, there are too few people!
Mao Bang did not look too much at the mansion where he only lived briefly, but took four guests to the study for a chat.
"This matter is rather urgent. It must be settled before the winter months. It only takes four months." Mao Bang made it clear and said directly: "For more than ten years, the selection of officials has not been smooth, and there are still many prefectures and counties where the official
Shang Que. Officials mostly rely on recommendation. In some places, even filial piety and integrity are not allowed. Scholars cannot be promoted every year. There are also military people who enter the official position and occupy the official position. Chaos occurs frequently. As the saying goes, if you don't follow the rules, you can't make a circle. This is what the king is worried about.
That’s what matters.”
Several people listened carefully.
None of their backgrounds are high. Except for the two who are descendants of the Sun family and the Xu family of Gaoyang, the other two have even lower status:
One is the son of a powerful man, and the other is from a wealthy businessman family.
The officialdom of the Jin Dynasty was dominated by scholars, but if you say that ordinary people are not qualified to be officials, then I have to say that you are spreading rumors. It is obviously possible, but in fact they are very rare.
However, the actual situation was such that over time, people really believed that only scholars could be officials.
In the ninth year of Taikang (288), Emperor Wu issued an edict:
: "Let the internal and external officials develop their pure talents and remove the cold elements."
Did you see that, one is to ask officials to recommend, and the second is to recommend "Hansu".
Hansu is also a scholar!
There may be some poor people who don't have enough to eat, and some powerful people who can eat a lot of meat and fish, but poor people like the former can be officials, but not people like the local powerful people who can turn a county upside down with just one step.
Those who have the strength to rebel cannot enter the palace, but declining scholars can serve as officials. This seems to be a problem from the perspective of national stability.
"Qizhi." Mao Bang looked at the person on the lower left and asked, "I asked you to sort out the official resumes since the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Have you finished it?"
Sun Rong and Sun Qizhi untied the baggage beside him, took out a book, and said with a wry smile: "All the princes are in the book. I check it day and night.
I even traveled to Luoyang five times before I finally got it done. When I checked the archives, my eyes were blurry."
Several people in the audience laughed.
Mao Bang took the booklet and flipped through it casually at first, then carefully reviewed the last page.
After reading for a long time, he put down the booklet, pondered for a long time, and said: "The selection of officials in the dynasty is not as good as that of Cao Wei."
The booklet compiled by Sun Rong himself certainly knew what Mao Bang was talking about.
Most of the archives of the Cao and Wei Dynasties have been lost. He could only look up the history books and found out that there were 247 people who entered the official history, and 100 people came from humble backgrounds, accounting for about 40%.
The archives of the state and dynasty were damaged, and part of them was lost, but the overall record was relatively rich. According to the last statistics, only 10% of the records were officials who had been in the Han Dynasty.
"Your Majesty said that you should 'seek truth from facts.' You are so sincere!" Mao Bang sighed: "They say that the scholars of this dynasty control the path to advancement. If you ask, everyone will not admit it. This is sophistry."
This is like two people arguing. One person says that this dynasty belongs to the rich and powerful families, and the other person immediately refutes it by citing examples of poor families and even common people serving as officials.
One is not enough? Two.
Two are not enough? Ten of them are available.
But once the data came out, the truth became clear.
Ninety percent of the officials are middle- and high-level nobles, and only one tenth is for people of low or low rank. There are tens of thousands of officials in the country. If you can cite a thousand counterexamples, what does that mean?
"However, there are many talented people who have been officials for a long time." Mao Bang opened the booklet again and said: "There are more than 80 famous ministers in the cabinet of Cao Wei.
There are sixty generals in the four directions who are of humble origins. From the present dynasty of our country, there are many famous ministers of humble origins."
When talking about the second half, Mao Bang paused.
However, although it is not as good as the three-quarters of the important officials in the Cao Wei Dynasty who were from humble or powerful backgrounds, there are indeed many in this dynasty. In addition, the Han Sui important officials in the Cao Wei Dynasty were already from high-ranking families after hundreds of years of management in the Wei and Jin dynasties.
But to be honest, officials with poor backgrounds are indeed much more capable overall.
They have also experienced a complete and systematic education. Even if their family fortunes decline, at least the generation that has just declined can still rely on their parents and even their family to obtain a good quality education.
At the same time, he does not have the same bad habits as the children of high-ranking families. He is relatively pragmatic, highly motivated, and willing to endure hardships and even take risks.
Those who work diligently and diligently are indeed a very good source of officials.
When Shao Xun was in Chenliu, he vigorously promoted Dong, Wu, Wang, Bian and other family members, and it felt good to use them.
This time, he wanted to form a fixed rule so that scholars with low status could have a way to advance, instead of relying on his own personal advancement.
"In addition to ordinary scholars, the king also wants to give those with outstanding martial arts a way to enter the officialdom." Mao Bang said again: "I know you are not happy, but this matter must be done whether it is done or not - one by one.
"
While he was talking, a servant called out from outside the door: "Officer, the Prime Minister has summoned you."
Mao Bang was stunned for a moment, then stood up quickly. After thinking for a while, he picked up a document and said to the four guests: "It is beneficial to you and others to choose a humble scholar, and it is not good for you and others to choose a warrior to serve as an official. But in the world,
How can you just take benefits without giving back? In this matter, you and the warrior should work together."
After that, he left in a hurry.
****
Wang Yan was granted permission by Shao Xun to work in the side hall of Guanfeng Hall of Liang Palace, which is now the Prime Minister's Palace of Liang State.
When Maobang Jingtong came in, Lao Wang was admiring the flowers and trees in the courtyard.
Seeing the visitor, Wang Yan pointed to the precious transplanted trees, then pointed to Mao Bang, and said with a smile: "Now I see the beautiful trees of Yaolin."
Mao Bang bowed deeply and said, "The Prime Minister has given you too much praise."
Wang Yan smiled and said nothing, walking around among the bamboos, trees, flowers and grass with his hands behind his back.
Mao Bang stood by the side, waiting quietly for him to speak.
"I heard that you studied under Liu Yuanqing (Liu Han) of Yan State?" Wang Yan stopped and asked.
"I follow the King of Liang." Mao Bang corrected.
Wang Yan laughed and said, "Taibai's literary career is indeed somewhat impressive."
"Your Majesty has been given military strategies by heaven, and his knowledge of kings and assistants, his literary talents and martial arts are unparalleled in the world. I can only learn them just in case and make the prime minister laugh." Mao Bang said with a cupped hand.
Wang Yan put away his smile, stopped moving, stretched out his right hand and said, "Bring it here."
Mao Bang took out the note and handed it over.
Wang Yan sat back on the bed, sniffing the fragrance of flowers, listening to the chirping of birds, and looking at the articles leisurely.
While reading, he pointed with his fingers and shook his head.
Mao Bang waited patiently, without squinting.
After a long time, Wang Yan put down his statement and asked: "Poor scholars generally have low rural character. When they first take up an official position, they often only get a small official. Your humble and powerful method is not a bad way."
Thinking of this, Wang Yan said again: "Next month, I will invite famous people from various counties to a banquet at Fangzhou Pavilion. You can come too. Recommending Han people should be regarded as a good word and a good deed, and will be praised by the people of the time."
This is going to start a trend.
The method of giving high status and power is to give opportunities to people with low status through the system, let them take charge of power, and then be promoted based on merit.
The purpose of driving the trend is to let senior officials in the states, counties and courts appoint more Han people and give them opportunities to become officials. Otherwise, if you are investigated for filial piety and honesty, senior officials will recruit you?
"The Prime Minister's move is like that of Zhang Sikong." Mao Bang praised,
"Zhang Sikong" is Zhang Hua, a native of Fanyang.
Mao Bang has been in Youzhou for many years, and his ears almost feel calluses when he hears this name. It is so famous.
Zhang Hua was extremely famous and held a high position, and he was more willing to support people who were not high-ranking scholars or people of modest means. "If a poor and low-ranking scholar has a good person, he will extend his reputation to him."
Who are the ordinary scholars and Hansu scholars who were praised by Zhang Hua? Tao Kan, Shu Xi, Chen Shou, Huo Yuan, Liu Bian, Fan Qiao, etc.
This kind of praise is not just a few nice words, in fact the "medicine effect" is very powerful.
Some people were directly recruited by Zhang Hua as his staff and entered the official career. Some people immediately became "filial" (filial piety) and "xiucai" (xiucai) as soon as they returned to their hometowns, and some were recruited by the great gentry.
For son-in-law.
This is what Mao Bang means when he talks about driving a trend.
At that time, there was also Shantao, who also liked to comment on Xiaoshizu and gave him a lot of support.
The proportion of poor officials in the Jin Dynasty was mostly raised by Nahui.
But after Taikang passed, the situation was different——
"Yongtai, it's a good thing you didn't say that I have the style of Wang Chong (Wang Rong)." Wang Yan sighed and said: "Actually, according to my temperament, I will probably be the same as Chong. It's all suppressed by Taibai. After Chong's death
, and also owed a large debt for no reason, all due to Taibai's handiwork."
Mao Bang also thought of what happened back then and smiled secretly in his heart.
Wang Rong is different from Zhang Hua. When Shangshu Zuopushe took charge of the official department, he "had not yet entered the Hansu" and was "just a member of the household transfer committee".
By the way, he is Wang Yan's elder brother.
"Besides the literati, what about the warriors?" Wang Yan asked again: "The king started his career with martial arts, so he must take care of the warriors."
"Incorporating martial arts as an official school, supplemented by imperial edicts and policies." Mao Bang replied.
"The Imperial Academy is just a decoration. There are very few people who enter the officialdom through this way. Your Majesty is coming for real." Wang Yan stroked his beard and frowned, and said, "What is the specific strategy?"
"Now, five years after entering school, all martial arts students can be appointed to military positions." Mao Bang said: "If you are appointed as an official of various Cao Cao and prefectures and counties, you can imitate the old system of the Han and Wei Dynasties."
"Testing the Scriptures?" Wang Yan asked.
"Exactly."
Wang Yan was silent.
In the fifth year of Emperor Huangchu's reign (224), Emperor Wen of Wei established the Imperial Academy in Luoyang, and the new students who entered the school were called "disciples".
"Disciples" have been enrolled for two years. Those who pass the test are called "disciples". Those who fail to pass are dismissed (drop out).
"Disciples" have been studying for two years, and those who have mastered the second classic can make up for the "literary anecdotes" - it is just a "make-up", and they have to wait for the vacancy. After the official vacancy occurs, they have to compete with people who have entered the official position through other channels for this real vacancy.
You may not really be able to become an official.
Those who fail will have to wait for the next year (repeat the grade) and take the exam with their juniors.
After truly becoming a "literary storyteller", after serving for two years, you can still try to pass the three classics. Those who pass can be "Prince Sheren", and those who fail will be retested by the next generation.
After the "Prince Sheren" has served for two years, he can try to pass the Four Classics, and those who pass can be called "Langzhong". Those who fail can take the test again with their juniors.
After two years of service as a "physician", he or she can try to master the Five Classics. Those who pass the exam can "discuss it as they wish", while those who fail can take the exam again with their juniors.
This was the policy of the Cao and Wei Dynasties. In fact, the paths were very narrow. After the imperial dynasty, it became even narrower and it was difficult to become an official.
In the eighth year of the reign of Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty (272 AD), perhaps the officials' children who were admitted to the school felt that they had been cheated, and their parents started to make trouble. So a minister reported that there were more than 7,000 imperial students. What should be done?
Sima Yan issued an edict: "Those who have passed the test will be kept, and the rest will be sent back to the county."
"Liu" may not necessarily lead to an official position. In fact, this path is very narrow.
Theoretically speaking, after being promoted from disciple to disciple, after ten years and five exams, you can "use it as you please". In fact, most people can reach the level of disciple, and the level of literary anecdotes will eliminate most people.
Because the examination is not the only way to become an official, you will not get this official vacancy.
And after becoming the crown prince, there is no need to take an exam to be promoted, so what should you do? Cheng Ji is the crown prince, how big can he do?
"Taibai wants to promote official learning." Wang Yan said: "It is not easy for military officers to master one classic. There are very few who master two classics. Those who can master three classics are rare."
In fact, it is not that there are no workarounds to reduce the difficulty.
It's definitely not possible if you don't pass the exam, so how can you prove that you can be an administrative officer? But using the same test paper as a Taipei student would be too bullying, so you can make appropriate adjustments. After all, this is an on-the-job exam.
As for what level of warriors can be tested, there must be a standard.
But no matter what, the path has been opened. After all, the military position is too single, and senior military attachés who are a little ambitious all want to switch to civilian positions, which is the so-called "from general to prime minister".
"Martial arts, Taixue, Guozixue————." Wang Yan looked a little irritable.
Martial arts is like this. Taixue and Guozixue may have to be revitalized.
Chapter completed!