After two years of hard work in 1939 and 1940, more than 10 types of steam turbine generator sets with specifications below 100,000 kilowatts can be mass-produced; water turbine generator sets can also be mass-produced with more than 20 types below 50,000 kilowatts.
variety.
As for the units in later generations that are often more than 500,000 kilowatts, or even more than 1.3 million kilowatts, even if the meritorious system has such technology, it is very difficult to produce it in reality. Technological progress and proficiency in production technology must have
A process.
This is also the reason why Wu Aihua did not list hydropower development as a priority in the three-year "Development Outline". In the development of hydropower resources in the past three years, the state has explicitly ordered that hydropower stations can only be built on secondary tributaries of various rivers.
Most of these hydropower stations are small hydropower stations within 50,000 kilowatts.
The fourth achievement worthy of special mention is the successful development of armed helicopters.
This armed helicopter, which successfully flew on September 1, 1940 and passed battlefield exercises, was directly named "Falcon 1" by Wu Aihua. It is divided into many ABCD models according to different uses.
Basic data of Falcon 1: 5.5 tons in the air, 11.2 tons fully loaded (empty to total weight ratio is less than 0.5), powered by a 1275-horsepower turboshaft engine, rotor diameter 8.36 meters, maximum speed 290 kilometers, and the nearest range is
800 kilometers, a maximum ceiling of 6,000 meters, a combat radius of up to 250 kilometers, a built-in fixed rotating improved squad machine gun, and a crew of 1; the "Falcon 1a" attack helicopter is equipped with an 82mm recoilless rifle, equipped with
With 3.8 tons of various types of ammunition, the "Falcon 1c" transport helicopter can carry 1 squad of 12 soldiers and one week's normal combat material consumption.
In the history of world helicopters, the turboshaft engine is known as the symbol of the "second generation helicopter". This power device was commonly used in helicopters around the world until the late 1960s, and there have been no more changes to this day. And here.
Previously, helicopter power sources have always used piston engines.
Wu Aihua had a relatively clear understanding of the development history of helicopters in the world, but after traveling through time, he was still unclear about the systems and intelligent robots exported by the systems for consultation. The basic performance of this "Falcon 1" even completely surpassed the Z that was finalized and produced by the later Chinese dynasty in 1994.
-8 (Zhi-8) helicopter. Of course, the actual technical indicators of this helicopter are only approximately equivalent to the level of American helicopters around 1960.
It is worth noting that the appearance of this helicopter is different from other weapons and equipment. Other equipment has "physical objects" for researchers to imitate and learn from, and of course there are also paper technical materials; while the research work on helicopters, in addition to
Apart from the technical information on paper, there is a "blank".
The reason why China's armed helicopters have achieved such success has to be said about one person, Zhu Jiaren, who is called the "Father of Chinese Helicopters" by later generations.
In 1900, Zhu Jiaren was born in Hanshou, Xibin, Dongting Lake. His father, Zhu Xi, served as commander of the Second Division, garrison envoy of Jiangning, Jiangsu Province, and Army Lieutenant General. In 1920, Zhu Jiaren went to the United States to study after graduating from Soochow High School. In 1926, he graduated from the United States
Graduated from the Department of Aeronautics of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He successively worked at the Chicago Aircraft Manufacturing Plant (later became the Hughes Corporation), the Woagasi Aircraft Manufacturing Plant in Detroit, and the American Eagle Aircraft Manufacturing Plant in Kansas.
In the autumn of 1928, Zhu Jiaren returned to China and served at the Shanghai Hongqiao Aviation Factory as a captain technician and later promoted to a major technician. He participated in the development of the "Successful No. 1" model of the French Gaudelon training aircraft designed by Rao Guozhang and others.
The test flight was successful in 1929.
In the spring of 1930, Zhu Jiaren expressed his desire to build an airplane. He received the support of Chen Tiaoyuan, who gave him 20,000 yuan in funding, and then obtained permission from the Nanjing Aviation Administration. From then on, Zhu Jiaren began to develop airplanes. In the spring of 1937, Zhu Jiaren's aircraft manufacturing
It was completed and named "Suzhou". In the same year, he went to Luoyang to serve as the director of the No. 3 Aircraft Repair Factory.
If the original historical trend is followed, in July 1939, Zhu Jiaren will be appointed as the director of the Mechanical Division of the Aviation Commission. In April 1941, he will be appointed as the director of the First Aircraft Manufacturing Factory, based in Kunming. In 1944, helicopters had just begun to develop internationally.
At that time, Zhu Jiaren began to develop helicopters. In the autumn of 1945, the "Hummingbird Type A single-seat helicopter" was successfully developed. This was the first helicopter developed by China. Zhu Jiaren is also known as the father of China's helicopter. In July 1948, the "Hummingbird"
"The Type B helicopter was successfully developed, surpassing similar helicopters in the world. In September of the same year, he was transferred to Taichung, Taiwan, as the director of the Air Force's Third Aircraft Manufacturing Plant. On December 31, 1962, Zhu Jiaren retired. In August 1965, Zhu Jiaren went to the United States at his own expense
After studying the aviation industry, he returned to Taiwan and built an air-cushion aircraft in Taichung. In 1980, Zhu Jiaren moved to the United States. On July 11, 1985, Zhu Jiaren passed away in the United States.
The real turning point in Zhu Jiaren's fate should be the great results achieved by the National Defense Forces Air Force in the war with Japan in Pingjin in 1937. Although the National Defense Forces aircraft had achieved unprecedented results in Fujian Province before, they were bombing ground targets.
, does not mean that the aircraft of the National Defense Force are necessarily amazing.
In the Battle of Peking and Tianjin, the National Defense Forces Air Force not only bombed Japanese ground targets, but also conducted aerial kills with the Japanese First Flying Group stationed in Northeast China and the Japanese Second Flying Group stationed in Tianjin, and achieved an overwhelming victory. As an aircraft
Expert, Zhu Jiaren naturally knows that the reason why the Chinese Air Force can defeat the Japanese Air Force is not because the technology of Chinese pilots is ahead of the Japanese pilots, let alone something nihilistic like combat will; there is only one possibility for the Chinese Air Force to defeat the Japanese Air Force, and that is
Chinese Air Force aircraft are ahead of Japanese aircraft.
However, as an aircraft manufacturing expert, Zhu Jiaren knows better that currently the only major powers in the world that can be called aircraft manufacturing powers are Britain, France, Germany, Japan and the Soviet Union, while China is basically in the stage of learning to manufacture aircraft.
So, the question is, where do the combat aircraft of the Chinese National Defense Force come from?
Zhu Jiaren asked the Kuomintang Air Force for instructions to inspect Fujian Province, but at that time Chiang Kai-shek was worried that Zhu Jiaren would never come back, so he did not agree. However, Zhu Jiaren's movements were caught by Hao Yong's intelligence bureau. After asking Wu Aihua for instructions, "
The Fengqing Bureau intentionally or unintentionally sent Zhu Jiaren a lot of advanced aircraft technical information, which made Zhu Jiaren, who was already serving as the director of the No. 3 Aircraft Repair Factory in Luoyang, very happy. At the end of 1937, Zhu Jiaren took advantage of the opportunity to go home to visit relatives and learned from Dai Li's military command.
He disappeared from the bureau's sight and arrived at the National Defense Forces Aircraft Manufacturing Factory located in the mountains of Longyan.
As soon as Zhu Jiaren entered the National Defense Forces' aircraft manufacturing plant, he was appointed assistant to the factory director. This is a very important position that involves management, production, design and other departments.
The internal structure of the early enterprises of the National Defense Force was completely established in accordance with the standards of later modern enterprise systems. The production lines were all equipped with assembly lines if conditions allowed for assembly line production. As for the technology, it was far beyond the existing aircraft in various countries in the world today.
Zhu Jiaren estimates that the lead time of production technology is more than 10 years on average.
In July 1938, Zhu Jiaren was appointed deputy director of the National Defense Forces Aviation Research Institute and director of the Helicopter Research Institute, with the rank of major general (historically, Zhu Jiaren received the rank of major general in Taiwan in 1962). In other words, in July 1938
, Wu Aihua just began to study helicopters and armed helicopters.
However, although the National Defense Forces Helicopter Research Institute is newly established, it has more than 10 aviation scientists with a higher level than Zhu Jiaren, and more than 20 graduates of aircraft manufacturing majors who have graduated from abroad in recent years. If we talk about personnel
Zhu Jiaren was surprised, so the technical reserves of this newly established research institute made Zhu Jiaren even more incredible.
In fact, these materials were "copied" one by one by intelligent robots from the professional knowledge and design concepts they have mastered. According to Wu Aihua's instructions, "There is no rush to build helicopters, focus on cultivating talents." The intelligent robots
The robots made these data quite messy, and some even only half of them. However, for Zhu Jiaren, who has mastered the most basic principles of aircraft manufacturing and has even manufactured relatively advanced aircraft, these data are at most equivalent to those in traditional Chinese culture.
When it comes to "guessing lantern riddles", the rules of the lantern riddles have been mastered for a long time, and it is just a matter of deducing new conclusions based on the rules.
When Zhu Jiaren got this information, it soon turned into industrial designs one by one. In February 1939, Zhu Jiaren led his team to successfully trial-produce the first helicopter powered by a piston engine.
, as the first helicopter on Chinese soil, it surpassed the vs-300 helicopter manufactured by the American Sikorsky in the summer of the same year. Because the improved vs-316 of Sikorsky’s vs-300 was purchased in large quantities by the US Army
At that time, its power was only 185 horsepower, its cruising speed was only 109 kilometers, its range was 320 kilometers, its ceiling was 1524 meters, and its total weight was 1152 kilograms. The relevant figures for Zhu Jiaren’s aircraft were 250 horsepower, 147 kilometers of speed, and 400 kilometers of range.
The ceiling is 2,300 kilometers and the total weight is 1,359 kilograms.
However, even though the performance of this aircraft is so superior, Wu Aihua only named it "Hummingbird Type 1". When commending Zhu Jiaren and his researchers, he arranged for the military trade department to export as much as possible and did not make any plans to equip the Chinese National Defense Forces.
plan.
In Zhu Jiaren's view, this helicopter already has air combat capabilities. It is equipped with a squad machine gun or can carry bombs. It is still a strong threat to ground troops. But why doesn't Commander-in-Chief Wu equip the troops with this weapon? Zhu Jiaren
After returning from the United States, he had a pure heart and hoped that his research would make China stronger. Therefore, Zhu Jiaren did not understand Commander-in-Chief Wu's decision.