Chapter 365 Everything is ready, the final chapter of this volume
Chapter 365: Everything is ready (final chapter of this volume)
However, how could Zhu Jiaren understand the helicopter in Wu Aihua's mind? In Wu Aihua's view, the "Hummingbird Type 1" is only suitable for use as a civilian or guard helicopter, short-distance transportation, emergency rescue, rescue, disaster relief, hoisting equipment, and forest protection.
Fire extinguishing, geological exploration, aerial photography, etc.; for police use, it can be used for border patrol, urban patrol, hunting down fugitives, etc.
The "Hummingbird Type 1" can also be used for military purposes, but its survivability is quite fragile. As long as the opponent has anti-aircraft guns or anti-aircraft machine guns, or the army is on guard, the probability of being shot down is as high as 90%. This is why entering the Second World War
The reason why a professional variety of armed helicopters was born after the 1950s.
After the "Hummingbird Type 1" came out, Wu Aihua ordered Zhu Jiaren to continue to improve its performance and to unravel more advanced helicopter design technology. Only then did Zhu Jiaren become truly convinced! It turned out that the National Defense Forces had already had more advanced helicopter technology.
Zhu Jiaren knew that this kind of helicopter was a deadly weapon on the battlefield just from the written description of its performance and use. Therefore, he devoted himself to the research and design of new models with greater enthusiasm.
However, helicopter experts are not necessarily power experts. Fortunately, the research department headed by Ha Bingqing, chief expert of machinery manufacturing technology of the National Technology Bureau, quickly developed a "turboshaft engine" suitable for use in the "Falcon" series of helicopters, which solved this problem.
A difficult problem.
In China in 1940, in addition to these relatively outstanding achievements, various undertakings were also developing at an extremely high speed.
According to the "Educational Development Plan (1939-1941)" formulated by Wu Aihua after he took office, by the end of 1940, it was basically completed that "on average every 5,000 people will enjoy one elementary school (with a student population of no less than 350)"
"Plan, the number of primary schools across the country has reached a record high of 80,000, and the enrollment rate of school-age children has increased from 15% at the end of 1937 (Fujian and Guangdong provinces have raised the national figure) to 55%, and the enrollment rate of girls
The enrollment rate has increased from 2% to 22%; in the current or future period, the enrollment rate of girls will be the focus of primary education.
Correspondingly, the number of primary schools across the country has reached 20,000. The hard tasks stipulated in the "Plan" have been completed one year ahead of schedule. However, the development of junior high schools, high schools and vocational education schools is relatively slow. This slow
Not because of money, but because of lack of teachers.
The task of "building 20 key comprehensive universities across the country and building and renovating 100 specialized colleges" has also been completed ahead of schedule. However, in addition to some schools with better conditions that have reached the 8,000 and 3,000 student requirements, there are also about
60% of the universities did not have enough students on campus. Of course, after admissions began in the fall of 1941, only 20% of the schools had insufficient students.
The "Transportation Development Plan" is a project that the New Republic of China and Wu Aihua attach special importance to. If this plan cannot be completed, it may cause serious consequences of not being able to keep up with the baggage in the subsequent war. This is why Wu Aihua specifically wants to go to the Baocheng Railway
construction site reasons.
The three-year plan for railway construction is "one step, one step, three vertical and four horizontal".
Let’s talk about the “first step” first, that is, the planned Beijing (Nanjing)-Kashgar (Shijiazhuang) Railway. All sections west of Lanzhou have been fully opened to traffic. Only Lanzhou to Dihua is not expected to be fully opened to traffic until September 1941.
The second time we talk about "Yiyi", that is, the "Harbin-Kunming Railway" starts from Harbin in the northeast and runs to Kunming in the southwest. I won't talk about the northeast. Currently, only the Baocheng-Chengdu Railway and the Cheng-Kunming Section have not yet been completed. The Baocheng-Chengdu Railway has basically been completed.
It is estimated that the opening time of the Chengdu-Kunming Railway will be June 1941. Under normal circumstances, the opening time of the Chengdu-Kunming Railway will not be until June 1942.
In addition to the railway projects, the Chengdu-Chongqing Railway has been opened to traffic. Only the section of the coastal railway to Kunming is left. The Shanghai-Chongqing Railway is open to both ends. Only the Three Gorges section is left. In short, before the end of 1941, except for the section from Chengdu to Kunming, all other road construction tasks can be completed.
Finish.
In terms of highway construction, the central government is mainly responsible for the construction of high-grade highways between provinces and major cities. As for highways below the second level, the provinces are responsible for the construction. The planning tasks are fully consistent with the completion timetable, and some projects are slightly ahead of schedule.
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By the end of 1940, the national railway mileage reached 45,700 kilometers, the second-level and above highway mileage reached 12,900 kilometers, and the total mileage reached 113,700 kilometers. With these three figures, the railways are close to the figures of later generations in 1977, and will be completed next year.
An absolute breakthrough; second-class and above roads are standard roads with all cement or asphalt pavement. Before 1977, except for big cities, there were almost no 1-kilometer second-class or above standard roads (at that time, there was no introduction of this standard).
?), as for the total mileage opened to traffic, it is close to the figure in 1952.
The development speed of water transportation is better than planned. The reconstruction of ports and terminals in Shanghai, Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Shantou, Nanjing, Wuhu, Yantai and other places is progressing smoothly. In addition to warships being built by the three major shipyards of Xiamen, Fuzhou and Shantou,
Hundreds of private shipyards capable of building freighters and passenger ships of over 1,000 tons have sprung up along the coast. In 1940 alone, the tonnage launched reached 223,000 tons. The development of Yangtze River shipping and offshore intercity shipping was initially completed.
After the waterway was cleared and the navigation beacons were set, it has taken on 55% of the passenger and cargo transportation tasks in the Northeast half.
The development situation of the aviation industry is equally gratifying, because most airports are dual-use military and civilian (referring to large and medium-sized cities, border airports and air force stationed airports are not included in this), and they can form a synergy in terms of construction funds. Therefore, in more than two years, it is planned to
Major airports in China have been built ahead of schedule. In 1940, civil aviation alone handled 2.91 million passengers and 5.71 million ton-kilometers of cargo.
Air freight is firstly urgent, and secondly it is high value-added goods, or military goods regardless of cost. Wu Aihua is still very clear about this.
In terms of economic construction, coal power, represented by Shanxi Coal Energy Group, developed very rapidly. In 1940, the country produced 24.37 million tons of commercial coal (including Fujian and Guangdong), which was 5.5 times that of 1937; the installed power generation capacity (total) was 226.33
10,000 kilowatts, 5.7 times that of 1937; 5.19 million tons of steel produced nationwide, 15 times that of 1937...
In addition, other major industrial products are: 33 million tons of cement, 58,300 cars, 87,600 trucks, 89,900 units (sets) of various types of power machinery (engines), 4,500 aircraft, 3,800 tanks, 453,000 tons of ships, kerosene
790,000 tons, more than 3,800 artillery pieces with a caliber of 75mm or above, and 27,700 tons of various types of ammunition (very rapid development)...
There are 38,600 enterprises above designated size (500,000 Chinese yuan) nationwide, including 633 large-scale backbone enterprises (more than 10 million Chinese yuan). The total import and export trade volume is 28.6 billion U.S. dollars, the trade surplus is 3.3 billion U.S. dollars, and the total national GDP is 21.066 billion U.S. dollars (
About one-third that of Japan), fiscal revenue was 6.7 billion Chinese yuan; expenditures for the year were 22.6 billion yuan, including 1.2 billion yuan for official expenditures, 14.5 billion yuan for infrastructure investment, 5.9 billion yuan for social undertakings, and 1 billion yuan for other expenses.
, and military spending was not included in the plan.
By the end of 1940, the country had 18 million industrial workers (a considerable number of whom were unqualified), 13 million various commercial service personnel, and the non-agricultural population accounted for 25%.
In 1938, there were 180 million "absolutely poor" people in the country (those without land and formal housing in rural areas, and without jobs and housing in cities). This dropped to 130 million in 1939 and to 80 million in 1940. Due to construction everywhere in China
, railway construction employment, highway and bridge construction employment, construction industry employment, urban worker employment, etc. A large number of unemployed people have entered these sectors. With a fixed income, the extreme poverty population has been reduced sharply.
By the end of 1940, the number of active field, air and naval forces nationwide was 120 marine divisions, 38 "independent army group" divisions (including 15 cavalry divisions, 9 armored divisions, 9 artillery divisions, 5 experimental divisions), 10
The number of combat and non-combat personnel (excluding production and research personnel, local and garrison personnel, and coast guard soldiers) of the air force division, 4 coastal fleets, navy, land and air force reached 4.35 million.
The entire army is equipped with 1,440 230mm heavy howitzers, 2,592 150mm cannons, 12,600 105mm howitzers, 2,688 "Dragon Flame 2" 100mm 24-barreled rocket launchers (vehicles), more than 4,500 anti-aircraft guns with a caliber of 20mm or above, and "T-36" tanks.
4,320 (T-48 has not yet been equipped), 5,184 "T-24" tanks, and 5,760 "T-12" tanks.
The Air Force has 6,144 combat aircraft of various types, the Navy has 4 light aircraft carriers (10,600-15,000 tons), 8 battleships (37,800 tons-45,000 tons), 8 heavy cruisers, 16 light cruisers, 32 destroyers, 10,000 tons
There are 8 upgrading ships, 48 troop carriers of various types, more than 100 frigates and minesweepers, 64 "Strange Dragon 1" submarines, 128 "Youlong 1" submarines, and more than 120 naval carrier-based aircraft.
There are more than 1,200 shore-based aircraft and 100,000 people in four Marine Corps divisions. The total number of air force personnel is 120,000 (including logistical equipment), and the total number of naval combat personnel has also reached an astonishing 150,000.
So, what is the strength of other countries in the same era?
Britain is the tied for the strongest navy (the other is the United States), with 8 medium-sized or above aircraft carriers, 12 battleships (another 5 are under construction), 3 battlecruisers, 18 heavy cruisers, and 58 light cruisers.
(Another 20 are under construction), 57 submarines of various types (far inferior to China). In terms of combat aircraft, the total number of aircraft at the time of the war with Germany was only more than 3,000. However, the British production capacity is very strong, only
During the war, it provided assistance to the Soviet Union with at least 5,000 combat aircraft of various types. As for the British Army, its total number at the beginning of the war was less than 1 million (excluding Australia and India).
Before Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941, it had 5.5 million soldiers, 4,300 tanks, 4,980 combat aircraft, and 190 combat ships; while the Soviet Union had 5.372 million troops, 1,750 new tanks, and more than 10,000 old tanks.
; 37,500 artillery pieces, but many problems; 1,450 new aircraft.
Before the war began, the United States only had an army of 100,000 men, and its navy and air force were comparable to those of the United Kingdom. However, the United States had great war potential. By the end of World War II, the number of the U.S. Army had reached 10.5 million, and it had dozens of aircraft carriers at sea, land, sea, and air.
It is the well-deserved most powerful army in the world.