Dozens of newspapers were placed in front of Zhao Han.
Representative articles have been circled to facilitate the emperor's quick reading.
After scanning it roughly, Zhao Han couldn't help but smile: "Sure enough, the pen stick is like quarreling, and it is bent to the edge of the sky."
Li Xiangjun asked: "Your Majesty, do you want to watch it again?"
"No need, let them continue arguing." Zhao Han was very satisfied with the current situation.
Although some businessmen spent money to publish articles, and although some great Confucians helped to speak up, they were still at a disadvantage at the beginning. The main thing was the Three Cardinal Guidelines and the Five Constant Rules, which could not be avoided no matter what. Moreover, women should support their husbands and raise their children, which was recognized by the vast majority of readers.
However, new forces joined in the middle!
Today's ideological world is in full bloom. In order to attract attention, some emerging schools suddenly join the debate and speak for women. The emergence of these emerging schools immediately affects the rival schools, and it turns into a big melee. Whether women can become officials in the imperial examination is just a matter of incident.
The topic, the core focus of the debate, became the struggle for the right to interpret Confucian classics.
At Hangzhou University, Professor Chen Que launched a debate, and both the Jishan School and the Yaojiang School were invited to participate.
Today’s Zhejiang is dominated by Yangming’s Xinxue.
However, the Xinxue disciples in Zhejiang are already fooling around with each other.
In the fourth year of Chongzhen, Liu Zongzhou and Tao Shuangling co-founded the "Witness Club". Due to differences in the concept of how to "witness", a split occurred in just one year. Liu Zongzhou's friends and disciples formed the Jishan School. Tao Shuangling's friends and disciples,
The Yao Jiang school of thought was formed.
Chen Que, who initiated the debate today, is from the Kishan School, but he is a heretic of the Kishan School!
There were hundreds of teachers and students from Hangzhou University, and dozens of sociologists. Chen Que was the first to speak: "Recently, there was a debate between men and women in Jinling, and both sides of the debate were quoting scriptures. Why cite scriptures? Because those are the words of sages.
Is what the saint said must be correct? A saint must first be a human being. If a saint is not a human being, then what should Lu Wang Xin Xue do? The foundation of Lu Wang Xin Xue is to develop conscience and make everyone a saint! If a saint is not a human being, then what kind of person should he do?
It is also impossible to be a saint, and my lineage of Xinxue does not need to exist."
As soon as this statement came out, everyone agreed. Saints must be human beings. This is the basic concept of Xinxue.
Then Chen Que started to mess around: "In my opinion, even if you become a saint, your humanity will be the same as ordinary people. Don't rush to refute it, but listen to me in detail. If you become a saint, your humanity will be the same.
When you are perfect, you are completely different from ordinary people. So for ordinary people who are not saints, do you think their humanity is defective? If there are defects in your humanity, you cannot call it a human being. It is just an instrument that looks like a human being. If you become a saint, you are separated from ordinary people.
Human nature, I think it would be better for this saint not to do this!"
"What nonsense!"
Liu Bi was immediately furious and pointed at Chen Que and said, "You have abandoned your master and now you are criticizing the sages. You really are not a son of a man! Are you going to be Wang Longxi or that Wang Taizhou?"
Liu Bi is the son of Liu Zongzhou, the founder of the Jishan School, and is also related to Huang Zongxi.
Today, the Jishan School has been divided into three, Huang Zongxi belongs to the orthodox school, Liu Bi belongs to the revisionist school, and Chen Que belongs to the independent school.
As for the Wang Longxi and Wang Taizhou mentioned by Liu Bian, one is Wang Ji, the founder of the Wangmen School in Central Zhejiang, and the other is Wang Gen, the founder of the Taizhou School. Both of these two schools belong to the left wing of mind science, and their academic views are very extreme. For example, Taizhou
The school preaches that all people are equal, all industries are equal, everyone can be a saint, and working hard and living is learning.
The Zhongzhong Wangmen School was once popular in Zhejiang, and was the orthodoxy of spiritual studies across the country. The thoughts of the Jishan School and the Yaojiang School were actually inherited from the Zhejiang Wangmen School. However, as emerging schools, if they want to rise, they must overthrow the authority. The only way is to be thorough. Only by overthrowing the Wangmen and Jishan School in central Zhejiang can the Yaojiang School seize the orthodoxy of Xinxue. Historically, the Yaojiang School succeeded and was also known as the "Yangming School".
The scholars present today seem to come from only two schools of thought, but in fact they have split into six or seven groups.
It is false for them to debate the issue of men and women, but they take the opportunity to fight over the orthodoxy of Xinxue, whether it is true!
"I think what Chen Qianchu (Chen Que) said makes sense," Shi Biao suddenly stood up, "A saint should be a human being, and a human being has seven emotions and six desires. Those who do not have seven emotions and six desires are not human beings, nor are they saints, but gods in the sky!"
Shi Biao suddenly supported Chen Que, which surprised many people.
Historically, Shi Biao was the third generation lecturer of the Yao Jiang School. His views at this time clearly showed signs of becoming a heresy within the school.
"Ahem!"
Shen Guomo suddenly coughed, and his disciples immediately shouted to be silent.
Shen Guomo is one of the founders of the Yaojiang School and the oldest senior person in Zhejiang Xinxue. He did not look at his direct disciple Shi Biao, but faced everyone and said: "Today's debate is about whether women can take the imperial examination and become officials. Don't Discussing whether a saint is a human being."
In the face of his predecessors, Chen Que did not give any face: "Regardless of saints, we are just trying to catch fish. The sayings that men are superior to women all come from the classics of sages. How can we avoid discussing saints? What is Confucianism and what is the study of saints? In my opinion, Knowing mistakes and being able to correct them is the Holy Doctrine. If you make a mistake, you are wrong, and you can correct it. Saints also make mistakes, and we, the disciples of the Holy Doctrine, have the responsibility to help the saints correct their mistakes!"
Shi Biao echoed: "This is a great thing to say!"
"Nonsense!"
Shen Guomo scolded.
Shi Biao turned around and bowed to his mentor: "Sir, I don't want to abandon my disciple today, but I do think so. Saints are also human beings, and saints also make mistakes. As long as they change, it will be fine."
Chen Que continued: "Let's not talk about whether the saints were wrong. Are today's Confucian classics really what the saints said? I think the article "Great Learning" is a forgery!"
"Qiang!"
Liu Bo drew his sword out of its sheath, pointed at Chen Que and said, "Shu Zi, you and I are at odds with each other!"
Liu Bo's father, Liu Zongzhou, Chen Que's mentor, whose main academic achievements came from "The Great Learning". At this moment, Chen Que actually said that "The Great Learning" is a forgery, which directly destroyed the foundation of Liu Zongzhou's thought.
"Teacher, calm down!"
All the disciples quickly grabbed Liu Bi, fearing that he would really rush to kill someone.
I had previously agreed with Chen Que's historical standards, but now I began to oppose: "Brother Qianchu, although I agree with your views on sacred learning, "The Great Learning" cannot be a forgery!"
Chen Que walked to the center of the debate room, stood up with his hands behind his hands and said: "The Great Learning must be a forgery. Even if it is not a forgery, there are still many errors. The Great Learning says that 'knowledge ends with perfection'. How ridiculous is this? I think , the Tao is endless, and knowledge is endless. The world is vast and the universe is vast, how can there be any perfection? The perfection here is not the perfection there. Today there is today's perfection, and tomorrow there is tomorrow's perfection. Kong The highest good in the Meng Dynasty is not necessarily the highest good in the New Dynasty of Datong!"
But Shi Biao said: "There are thousands of avenues, all leading to the same destination. The avenue is the highest good, and it has never changed."
Two guys who betrayed their master, they agreed with each other just now, but now they are arguing.
Chen Que asked: "Is the way between men and women the great road? Do you support women becoming officials through the imperial examination?"
Shi Biao replied: "I support the imperial examination for women to become officials, but I don't think that men and women are the main road. The road between men and women is just a small road under the big road. Small roads can change. In ancient times, everyone could not study. In ancient times, farming could only be done by relying on people.
Men. Now the world has changed. Everyone can study, women can go to school, and women can farm and work. Since the world has changed, the relationship between men and women must also change. Women pay more, and get more.
It’s not ridiculous for women to take the imperial examination and become officials.”
Chen Que said with a smile: "Then let's put aside our objections today and debate with these rotten scholars together!"
"It's very much to my liking." Shi Biao immediately reached a consensus with Chen Que.
There are all disciples of mind science here, but there are a lot of academic differences. If we insist on saying that they have some common ideas, there are only two: first, Wang Yangming is a saint; second, Buddhism is harmful to people.
Although most disciples of Xinxue have Zen thoughts, they basically advocate "replacing Buddha", and radicals even advocate "destroying Buddhism". Many ministers of the Ming Dynasty who came from Xinxue destroyed temples, forced monks to return to secular life, and destroyed temples.
The fields were distributed to the people, and the wood and stones from the temple were used to build the school.
Jiang Xizhe suddenly stood up. This guy is also a representative of the Jishan School and is currently a teacher at a middle school in Kuaiji County. He immediately refuted their views: "The world is indeed changing, but the Tao remains unchanged, and the Tao of men and women is also the Tao. Your Majesty
There is a personality theory, and I also agree that men and women have different personalities. The difference between men and women is due to nature, which is an eternal principle. You say that women can study, work and farm, but it is just a change of convenience. When we have the prosperity of China,
, a man can do all this, a woman’s nature should be to support her husband and raise her children!”
In history, Jiang Xizhe, as a professor of county studies, became the acting magistrate of the Manchu Qing Dynasty. Zheng Chenggong led his troops to kill him, but he actually recruited troops to defend the city until the reinforcements of the Eight Banners arrived, causing Zheng Chenggong to be defeated and withdraw from Zhejiang.
Shi Biao sneered and said with a sneer: "Confucianism has a theory of human nature. I have only heard of good nature and evil nature. I have never heard of anything about human nature that helps husbands and children."
"Ha ha ha ha!"
The Hangzhou college students who were watching the debate collectively burst into laughter.
Jiang Xizhe said: "All things in the world are born with Qi, and they all have their own nature. The nature I talk about is not good or evil, but is actually the innate nature of all things. Water is soft, which is nature. Stone is hard, which is nature. Male
It is the nature of a woman to be strong, and it is her nature to be a woman. When a woman is born in a household, she should support her husband, teach her children, and serve her parents-in-law. This is a woman’s innate nature. Once it is violated, it is a reversal of yin and yang."
A student from Hangzhou University stood up and said: "No, no. Although water is very soft, it can turn ice into hardness. Although gold and stone are hard, they can be refined into water. The school teacher has taught me about this physics. Jiang
Sir, you have never studied physics, so don’t use this as an example."
Jiang Xizhe's mind was spinning very quickly: "It is not normal for water to solidify into ice and metal and stone to refine water. It is just a temporary measure. As long as the temperature is normal, water will still be water and stone will still be stone. Just like a woman studying and plowing the fields, it is also expedient.
The plan is that when the world's population is prosperous, women will no longer have to work hard to plow the fields."
Another college student stood up: "Why don't you talk about women's weaving? As early as the Ming Dynasty, there were many women working as weavers. At that time, the population was booming, and women also came out to work! This is not a temporary solution!"
Jiang Xizhe said: "It is also natural for men to farm and for women to weave. It is natural for women to be weavers. It is nothing more than going from home to factory. I think that as long as it is a textile factory, there can only be female workers and not male workers.
There are differences between men and women. Even if there are male workers, they are not allowed to be in the same room as female workers."
The college student just now said angrily: "You were not born into a poor family, but I came from the mountainous area of southern Zhejiang. In the mountainous area, my father and my mother usually worked hard. My mother had to spin at night, cook for three meals, and plow the fields during the day.
, I have to cut firewood in my spare time. Nowadays, it is popular to raise pigs at home. In addition to feeding chickens and ducks, my mother also has to collect pig grass and cook pig food. Mother works so hard, why do you think women should marry each other?
Goddess? If my mother only supported her husband and raised her children, I would have starved to death long ago, let alone go to school, let alone be admitted to Hangzhou University at public expense!"
"well said!"
Some students and scholars from poor backgrounds immediately cheered and cheered for this passage.
Soon, more and more students joined the discussion. They were here to watch, but they couldn't help but express their opinions. These students were obviously more open-minded, and most of them supported women's imperial examinations.
Don't talk about the women's imperial examination, it will occupy their quota of Jinshi. They are college students themselves, and they know that it is difficult for female students to graduate, and they basically get married before graduation. What's more, they like to have girls in the school, every girl
They are all treasures. Even if they are ugly, they are still loved by the group. They are very willing to help girls speak.
With these college students, the debate format became one-sided.
In other words, because there are too many speakers, the debate can no longer go on.