As the general person in charge, Carlo Rubbia's mood is a little subtle.
If only we could go back a week.
He would never make the decision to attend the press conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Well, absolutely not.
First of all, what he said at the press conference last week was a bit full. He referred to the whole of Asia when it came to Kamiokane Laboratory, and he still refuses to change it.
After it was confirmed that the Chinese Academy of Sciences had discovered dark matter particles, people around him would cast curious glances from time to time.
John Ellis, who was carrying an ax just now, even sent him a text message asking him how cooked the ax he liked to nibble on, whether he wanted butter or sea salt...
The result was unexpected.
Before the previous incident happened, the Academy of Sciences came up with another value of 923.8 GeV.
This hit Carlo Rubbia's pain point again.
Just at this time.
Sitting on the left side of Carlo Rubbia, a little old man with silver hair who looked a bit like the German star Thomas Muller suddenly raised his eyebrows.
I saw him putting his right hand on the armrest of the seat, turning sideways and saying to Carlo Rubbia:
"923.8 GeV... Rubia, this number is somewhat similar in magnitude to the 750 GeV you measured originally."
"Comparing 750GeV and 923.8GeV, there is only a slight difference between 600,000 and 800,000."
Hearing these words of gun and stick, Carlo Rubbia glanced at him angrily:
"Kettler, you might as well speak more clearly. There is no need to hide it."
"Hey, Rubia, you think too much."
The man named Ketler waved his hand, changed into a more comfortable position, and said cheerfully:
"I just remembered some interesting memories..."
Carlo Rubbia snorted coldly when he saw this and stopped talking.
The moment he saw the number 923.8 GeV, he knew that he... or that he would definitely be taken out and whipped.
After all, that incident offended too many people...
On December 15, 2015, a press conference was held.
An announcement was made at the meeting:
While searching for two-photon decay, they saw an unusual bulge near 700 GeV.
Repeated research has confirmed that this is not anything known that could be...
A completely new particle.
Its mass is about 750 GeV, which is much heavier than the 125 GeV of the Higgs particle.
Even among all particle models, this is the heaviest particle.
Other than that.
Its statistical significance is about 3 times the standard deviation, and the results obtained by the two cooperative groups combined are about 4 times the standard deviation.
And what is 4 times the standard deviation?
Those who have worked hard on spectrograms should know this.
Less than 3 times the standard deviation is called a sign, more than 3 times is called evidence, and more than 5 times is called a discovery.
As for four times...
Strictly speaking, it can only be regarded as a discovery that is more likely to come true.
However, they have always ignored this. Their purpose is to make big news. The bigger the news, the better it fits their personality.
Although they said "This is just preliminary data, don't believe it too much", on the other hand they were frantically making all kinds of hints - if they really kept a low profile and sought truth, this press conference would not have been held at all.
significance.
[A novel app that has been running stably for many years, comparable to the old version of the source-changing app, huanyuanapp, that is used by all chasing bugs.]
then......
The world of theoretical physics has ushered in a carnival.
Some people think that this is a new particle outside the model.
Some people think it is a supersymmetric particle.
Some people firmly believe that this is the new Higgs particle.
After all, there are theories that there may be more than one type of Higgs particle, and there may be many of them.
Then he raised the flames, saying that this thing might also be a graviton, which is the propagator of universal gravity...
Ever since.
In just one year, thousands of papers have been published in the theoretical physics community, including many from top scholars or institutions.
For example, this little old man was so weird just now.
His full name is Wolfgang Kottler, and he was jointly named the 2001 Nobel Prize winner with Eric Cornell.
At that time, Wolfgang Kottler was undergoing a rectal resection. After hearing the news, he immediately went through the discharge procedures within three days. Within a week, he wrote three papers based on the results.
no way.
Theoretical physics has really lacked results in recent years - or in other words, there has been a lack of results that have been proven by actual phenomena.
Therefore, after the results were announced, the theoretical physics community suddenly sat up in a state of death and suddenly discovered new physics.
What I didn't expect was...
After one year.
With the progress of the two-photon channel spin2 research on ATLAS, he raised his hands again, asked everyone to look at him, and announced something:
Brothers, the 750GeV signal is false, it is a statistical fluctuation.
Then everyone should know the development of the story...or guess it.
That's right.
The theoretical physics community, which was already in a miserable state, was hung up and beaten again.
Although the paper can be withdrawn, black history cannot be corrected.
Almost all physicists who have written papers have been stamped with a label:
A great injustice.
This is also the reason why the achievements in particle physics in Italy and Gaul have been increasing year by year in recent years - many scholars are now openly and covertly opposed to the dominance of one company.
Although attempts have been made to mend the wounds over the past few years, some scholars have accepted his apology.
But when the Academy of Sciences came up with such a value, many people naturally thought of the accident.
Of course.
After all, this is the home stadium of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, so no matter how resentful I feel, I can't express it too much. I can only look at Carlo Rubbia from time to time.
This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content! Just when Carlo Rubbia was a little embarrassed.
Suddenly a male voice sounded in his ears:
"Professor Rubia, are you free now?"
Carlo Rubbia turned his head and saw a yellow-skinned middle-aged man standing next to him.
He also knew this person, it was Hou Xingyuan's assistant Gao Hongwen - Hou Xingyuan had been sitting next to him before, and only moved to the backstage after the hacker attack and defense started.
So Carlo Rubbia nodded slightly and said:
"I'm free, what can I do for you?"
The middle-aged man leaned down and lowered his voice and said to him:
"Professor Rubia, our dean invites you."
Carlo Rubbia was stunned:
"Dean, you mean Hou?"
After getting a positive reply from the other party, Carlo Rubbia looked around a few times.
After thinking for a moment, he nodded:
"OK, please lead the way."
Finished.
Carlo Rubbia stood up and followed Gao Hongwen and left the scene.
See this situation.
Wolfgang Kettler, who was next to Carlo Rubbia, snorted coldly and withdrew his gaze angrily.
"coward......"
Although Carlo Rubbia's departure attracted the attention of some people around him, it is not uncommon for participants to leave during such regular press conferences.
For example, go to the toilet, or go to a restaurant to relieve your belly, or go to the toilet to relieve your belly, etc...
So it's very fast.
Everyone quickly put their minds back to where they were before.
At this moment.
What they care more about is another thing, and that is...
How will the University of Science and Technology of China end?
That's right, it's over.
Despite the original farce, looking at the thousands of people present, except for a few people such as Lu Chaoyang and Zhao Zhengguo, no one had any expectations for the particle mass calculated by the Academy team.
Because during the original farce, the theoretical physics community gave examples of almost all the possibilities that came to mind.
But unfortunately, 99% of these examples have been refuted by subsequent ATLAS and CMS examples.
In other words.
If it is a low-mass particle—for example, more than 30 GeV or more than 50 GeV, then there are still some possibilities.
Or it could be a little bigger, such as breaking three to five thousand GeV, that is, reaching the level of TeV, and it is possible that it will not be guaranteed.
But at the level of 923.8 GeV...
Think of this.
The tenth row.
Kristine couldn't help turning her head to look at Lu Chaoyang beside her, and said to him:
"Hey, Lu, it seems you are in a bit of trouble this time."
When Christine said this, she was turning the pen in her hand, and her tone was slightly regretful.
She has no obvious preference for the Academy of Sciences or the country of China. What she regrets is Xu Yun.
As an assistant researcher at Harvard University, she knew all too well what impact this incident would have on Xu Yun.
Christine, who was brought up by her mother Lisa Randall since she was a child, has a strong desire to compete with her peers, so she heard about Xu Yun's "deeds" before and witnessed Xu Yun's calculation process with her own eyes.
This girl has already regarded Xu Yun as a competitor in the future.
But what happened now...
I'm afraid Xu Yun has no so-called future.
Looking at Kristine who looked regretful, Lu Chaoyang did not show too complicated emotions.
He glanced at the girl gently, was silent for a moment, and then suddenly said:
"Miss Christine, are you so sure that the Academy of Sciences will lose?"
"Isn't it?"
Christine shrugged in an American style and said to him:
"Since 2016, the 700-1000GeV interval has been recognized as the Bermuda Triangle of particle physics. No theory can be established in this interval. If you want to create miracles in this interval..."
"While my emotional mind wants to make it happen, my rational mind tells me it's impossible."
"Sorry, Ms. Christine, you said two things wrong."
Lu Chaoyang raised his eyelids and glanced at the girl. The girl's fierceness reminded him of an old acquaintance from long ago, but then the girl went to write online novels:
"The first thing is...the Bermuda Triangle is actually a scam."
"The Bermuda Triangle is specifically located in the sea area surrounded by Miami, Bermuda Islands and Puerto Rico. During World War II, it was actually a military supply point, with countless aircraft and ships passing between it."
"Today, Bermuda is still one of the five largest ship registration places and three major tax havens in the world. It is also a famous tourist destination. Marriott has opened a St. Regis hotel in Bermuda."
"The rumor about Bermuda has misled an entire generation or two. This scope is not even limited to China, but covers the whole world."
"But rumors... are just rumors after all and cannot become reality."
Christine:
"????"
Then, before she could react, Lu Chaoyang raised his second finger:
"As for the second thing... you said that no theory can be established in the range of 700-1000GeV."
Christine was stunned for a moment.
Then she stopped thinking about Bermuda and quickly asked Lu Chaoyang:
"Lu, what do you mean?"
Lu Chaoyang first glanced at the area in the first row where the discussion was taking place. After realizing that the discussion in the front row was still continuing, he said to her:
"Ms. Christine, I don't know if you understand. In fact, after ATLAS released the Paper Draft, there is actually a model theory in the 700-1000GeV range that has not been overturned."
"To be precise...it is the only existing theoretical model."
Christine was startled again.
But this time, she thought for a lot longer.
A full half minute passed.
Her eyes suddenly condensed, and her eyes suddenly enlarged a lot:
"Lu, you mean...but, but how is this possible?"
This chapter is not finished yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content! Lu Chaoyang did not speak, but looked at the first row with a misty expression.
"Whether it's true or not, there will be results soon..."
........
While Christine was communicating with Lu Chaoyang.
Fierce arguments also broke out in the first row area, even with some anger.
"Mr. Witten, what kind of double testing is needed?"
Atsushi Suzuki looked at Witten with burning eyes, clenched his hands into fists and danced in the air, his attitude was very determined:
"Particle collisions of the order of 923.8GeV require TeV collision energy. Currently, the hard X-ray FEL device can only reach 50GeV. The Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory of the University of Science and Technology in China can only reach 800MeV, which is a whole difference.
A thousand times more!"
"If you want to verify the magnitude of 923.8 GeV, only a few institutions in the world can complete it. The required process is extremely costly."
"So I think we only need to verify the particle of 11.4514GeV. Once we find this particle, won't we be able to prove who is right and who is wrong?"
These words of Atsushi Suzuki have won the approval of many scholars.
Under other circumstances, they might have reservations about Suzuki's views.
But the current situation is different.
The joke of that year has already brought an almost unsolvable death blow to the calculated data of the Academy of Sciences team.
Under this precondition.
If it can be proven that the 11.4514GeV particle exists, there is really no need to spend so much time on TeV collision experiments.
After all, throughout the world, there are only a handful of accelerators capable of high TeV levels.
That's right.
TeV-class accelerator.
The concept of accelerator must be familiar to everyone. In the original copy of 1850, Xu Yun also built a simple electron accelerator.
But very few people know what the accelerator is and what its energy level upper limit is.
first.
The uncertainty principle states that the position and momentum of a particle cannot be determined simultaneously.
So to see smaller things, the wavelength of the particles emitted by the "light source" needs to be shorter:
Since the speed of light is equal to the product of wavelength and frequency, and energy is equal to the product of Planck's constant and frequency, a shorter wavelength of a particle means more energy.
That is to say.
To see small elementary particles clearly, we must use detection particles carrying huge energy to collide.
So we need to accelerate the detection particles to very high energies, and the device that can do this is a particle accelerator.
And what kind of particles can be detected at what energy level, and what is their relationship with the fundamental forces? (I have only said once that some of the content I wrote is the starting point or even the only online article. Today is the second time. Interested
Students can bring a pen and paper to help them understand)
First, you can draw an XY axis coordinate on the paper.
The X-axis is divided into four parts, and the microscopic effects of the four basic forces are marked in order:
Gravitational coupling mass,
The strong nuclear force couples quarks to produce protons and neutrons,
Electromagnetic forces couple into charges,
Radioactive decay caused by the weak nuclear force.
Draw four lines vertically upward for each of these four forces.
The Y-axis is the energy level that can be observed after particle collision. The unit is electron volts, and every power of 10 is one grid.
That is 0,10,102....10^10,10^11....
The energy level at which atoms disintegrate is 10, which is 10 raised to the power.
The energy level at which an atomic nucleus disintegrates is 10^6.5.
Then starting from the 10^9 level, the two parallel lines of the electromagnetic force and the weak nuclear force began to gradually move closer to each other.
When it reaches the 10^11 level, the two lines merge into one.
This is the energy level at which electroweak particles can be measured, which completes the electroweak unified theory.
That is to say, Mr. Yang proposed the Yang-Mills theoretical framework, incorporating the weak nuclear force and the electromagnetic force into this framework, and finally the electroweak unified theory proposed by Glashow.
At the same time, this is also the level that the large accelerator LEP of the European Particle Physics Laboratory in Switzerland can achieve.
Then go up again.
The next value is 10^12.
This is the range that the Fermilab teraelectronvolt accelerator across the sea can reach.
Following that is the 10^13 level, which is also a very special level.
It is of the same magnitude as the European Large Hadron Collider, the LHC.
That's right, the LHC.
Currently the highest energy collider in the world.
This is also the current energy level upper limit for human collisions, 13 TeV.
Of course.
It's not over yet - don't forget the forces on the X-axis.
After reaching the level of 10^20.
The electroweak line, which was originally two-in-one, will start to bend to the left...that is, the line of the strong nuclear force, but the strong nuclear force will still be straight.
Then after 10^24 magnitude.
The electroweak lines and the strong nuclear force coincide.
This is the energy level at which the three forces of strong, weak, and electricity can be directly observed—note, this is direct observation, not theory.
Currently, with the efforts of Yang Lao Weinberg and others, these three forces have been unified in theory.
That is to say, the electromagnetic force is proved to be the result of the exchange of photons, the weak interaction force is proved to be the result of the mutual exchange of bosons, and the strong interaction force is proved to be the result of the mutual exchange of gluons.
As for the magnitude of the unification of the four forces that can be directly observed...
The number is 10^28.
If a conventional linear accelerator is used, it would take 7 light years to reach 10^24eV.
Using a wake accelerator would require 4.7 billion kilometers, which is about the same length as the circumsolar accelerator in Trisolaris.
Okay, that’s the end of the popular science. (Isn’t it too much to ask for some monthly votes for this kind of useful information?)
Therefore, for the magnitude of 923.8 GeV, it is indeed troublesome to prepare.
However, the Academy of Sciences obviously would not agree to this plan, so after Suzuki Atsushi spoke, Academician Pan immediately protested:
"Mr. Suzuki, I don't agree with your statement. When we Chinese people discuss something, we often discuss it from the perspective of emotion and reason."
"Yu Qing, this is the conference site of the Academy of Sciences. As the host, you shouldn't not even give us a chance to rescue us, right?"
"Yu Li, although the magnitude of 923.8 GeV is exaggerated, it does not mean that there is no possibility of successful verification. This is contempt for scientific attitude!"
Hear what Academician Pan said.
Atsushi Suzuki snorted coldly and was about to refute.
But when he opened his mouth, Witten took the first step to express his position:
"Mr. Pan, Mr. Suzuki, can you let me say a word?"
After hearing this, Atsushi Suzuki glanced at Academician Pan, his eyes briefly touching Academician Pan.
I saw him holding his hands in front of his chest and expressing his attitude with a relatively stiff posture.
Academician Pan's self-cultivation was much higher than that of Atsushi Suzuki. He pondered for a moment and nodded slowly:
"Professor Witten, if you have something to say, it doesn't hurt to say it."
Witten smiled reluctantly at him. He was actually quite embarrassed at the moment:
"Mr. Pan, from the perspective of an outsider, I think what you and Mr. Suzuki said are reasonable."
"In that case...do you think this will work?"
"We will first verify the level of 11.4514GeV, and finally use the specific experimental results to decide whether to conduct further research on the level of 923.8GeV."
"..."
After Witten finished speaking, Academician Pan looked around after hearing this.
I found that except for Polyakov, the furry bear man, Mr. Yang and his teacher Anton Salinger, all around me were showing kindness and concern.
The expressions of many other elders...
Everything is wooden.
This kind of indifference has nothing to do with political factors. At Higgs and his age, the political tendencies that should be shown have already been expressed.
Be it Higgs or Hutft.
They are indeed politically neutral.
So they are indeed not hostile to China, but to China's achievements...
Don't trust.
even if.....
The Academy of Sciences has proven the existence of dark matter.
This is actually the idea of Atsushi Suzuki.
He didn't believe it.
The Academy of Sciences can create such an outrageous particle after discovering dark matter.
Do you really think that this kind of nuclear weapon in particle physics can be easily taken out twice?
It's impossible, okay?
And just when Suzuki Atsushi showed disdain.
In the quiet first row area, an electronic sound of a marketing account suddenly sounded:
"On August 6, 1945, barbecue master Paul Tibbetts first dropped the uranium bomb 'Little Boy' on Hiroshima. The emperor wanted to surrender, but many generals in the neon army did not believe in evil and believed that the atomic bomb was too dangerous.
There was only one more, but three days later, another plutonium bomb was given to Nagasaki, and then... nothing happened."
"At the same time, the wife of the well-known war criminal Suzuki Keihisa, and his father Suzuki Jiro, who also killed more than 20 Chinese people in the war, and was sent back to Neon with a broken leg, killed many Chinese civilians, and once stood next to the heads of Japanese martyrs.
Taking pictures, the seven members of his brother Suzuki Masaki's family, who was also deported because he lost his left arm, all died in the Nagasaki nuclear explosion..."
"This story reminds later generations that sometimes, nuclear bombs really do explode twice..."
