Tushe Tuhan Chedendorzi has been sending people to contact Kyakhta’s Northern Navy privately almost half a year ago.
The person who came forward was named Jiangbula, a distant relative of the palace steward. He was conducting smuggling business with the Beihai Navy through Tian Tongzhou, the shopkeeper of "Mei Gong Yu Ji". The transaction volume was not large and it was in the exploratory stage.
However, after two or three transactions, Fan Tong felt that Jiangbula was not an ordinary smuggler. He estimated that the person behind him was either Prince Zasak or Taiji Beile.
Judging from the types of goods he wanted, they were not within the reach of ordinary herdsmen. There were only three most urgent needs for herdsmen these days, grain, salt and tea bricks. However, Jiangbula did not want any of them and instead bought them.
Matches, cigarettes, liquor, aluminum pots, even perfume, silk scarves and glass are all needed.
In the Qing Dynasty, the popular "currency" in Mongolia was tea bricks rather than silver and copper coins. In the past, when Kyaktu and Buying City did business with the Russians, they used tea bricks to pay. However, because Zhao Xin went to Irkutsk
A large amount of tea has been put on the market, and Fan Tong does not need tea bricks, so Jiangbula's payment method is not only silver but also gold; the number of times is very painful for Chedendorji.
But the things from Beihai Navy are really good, and the transparent glass bottles for liquor are very popular. Even if this thing is accidentally broken, and someone has to polish the broken pieces to make jewelry, who dares to say that it is not a good thing?
As for the shopping city, Tian Tonghe, the shopkeeper of "Heyu'anji", colluded with Tsarist Russia to kidnap Fan Tong, Ushiha and Ponia three years ago. After the incident was failed and they were arrested, in order to save his younger brother's life, "Mei Gong"
Tian Tongzhou, the shopkeeper of "Tama Kee", began to contact Bei Haijun privately, and provided regular information on the trading city and Cullen in exchange for Tian Tongzhou not being sent to dig coal in Ezo.
Tian Tonghe was later sent to Irkutsk as a teacher, responsible for teaching newly arrived immigrants to read and read.
After being widened and reinforced, the secret smuggling tunnel that originally transported Fan Tong and others has become the largest smuggling channel for goods entering and exiting the trading city in Beihai. Fan Tong even asked Zhao Xin for help and installed a set of electric motors in the secret tunnel.
The monorail transportation system is very convenient for transporting goods and people.
For Beihai Town, it is not enough to develop a few Shanxi merchants as insiders in the Maimai City. After all, only the Mongols themselves know the internal situation of the various tribes in Khalkha best. So Fan Tong recently met with Jiangbu through a secret passage.
After a while, the conversation between Chedendorji and his son came about.
The reason why Chedendorzi, the Prince of Zasak, did this was that he first saw that Beihai Town was about to sweep the world, so he wanted to take advantage of this opportunity to restore the external Baikal Tab of the Tushetu Khan Department.
The Nut tribe, that is, the rule of the Buryat people; secondly, he also hopes to take this opportunity to regain the religious governance of Mobei.
The matter of the Buryats was actually an old grudge between Khalkha and Tsarist Russia, which lasted for 150 years.
It is said that the relationship between Khalkha and Tsarist Russia was first established in the 40th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty. At that time, Mobei Mongolia was eager to develop border trade with Russian merchants in order to obtain the daily necessities that they could not produce in their nomadic social economy. For this reason,
At that time, headed by the Zasak Tuhan tribe and the Tushetu Khan tribe, they tried to maintain horse and livestock trade with the Russians, and opened a mutual market in Khovd.
For the Tsarist Russian authorities, what they dreamed of at that time was to open up commercial roads to the Central Plains through the Mongols and then establish trade relations with the Central Plains dynasties. Therefore, Tsarist Russia tried its best to establish economic relations with the three Khans of Khalkha. With the expansion of Tsarist Russia's tentacles
Extending into the Lake Baikal region, exchanges between the two sides have become increasingly active.
In the first half of the seventeenth century, Tsarist Russia took the initiative to communicate with Altan Khan and Chechen Khan. Not only did they conduct frequent trade, but they also tried their best to persuade them to submit to Russia. However, the various ministries in Khalkha realized that Tsarist Russia coveted Mobei Mongolia, and began to
His behavior again and again is strictly rejected.
By 1640, the nature of Mongolian-Russian relations finally changed. The Cossack leader Ma. Perfiliev led a Russian army to expand east of Lake Baikal. After dozens of armed invasions, it finally ended in 1666 - also
In the fifth year of Kangxi's reign, they occupied the Buryat Mongolian nomadic lands east of Lake Baikal.
At the same time, Tsarist Russia also directly invaded the areas under the jurisdiction of Tushetu Khan in the Selenge River Basin, and successively established many strongholds such as Irkutsk, Selengesk (Ulan-Ude), Chita, and Nerchinsk.
They forcibly levied fur taxes and plundered the local population and livestock, euphemistically called "protecting the Buryat people from being oppressed by the Mongols."
Yes, Irkutsk was once the territory of Tushetu Khan in a strict sense, and another name of the Buryat people is "Tabnut Mongolians"!
In the face of Tsarist Russia's aggression, Tushetu Khan sent envoys to negotiate many times, severely condemned Tsarist Russia's crimes of aggression, and demanded that Russia withdraw from the occupied territories. In the following ten years, the Tushetu Khan and the Chechen Khans and
Hostilities in Tsarist Russia continued to occur and became increasingly frequent.
In the third year of Kangxi's reign, Tushetu Khan and Chechen Khan sent troops to attack Nerchinsk; in the sixth year of Kangxi, Tushetu Khan sent Kuryuk Zaisang to Moscow to negotiate to protest against Tsarist Russia's illegal establishment of the city of Selengesk on the territory of the ministry;
In the seventh year of Kangxi's reign, Tushetu Khan Chahu Dorji sent troops to attack some Tsarist Russian fortresses west of Lake Baikal. In the twenty-first year of Kangxi's reign, the Mongols near Selengesk rose up in resistance, killing and wounding many Tsarist Russian invading troops, and recaptured a large number of
Stolen livestock.
In the 23rd year of Kangxi's reign, Tushetu Khan Chakhdorzi once again sternly warned the Russian army to withdraw from Transbaikal and demanded that the Russian side release and return the Tabnut people, otherwise the past exchanges between the two sides would be wiped out and there would be no peace.
It can be seen that the issue of "Buryats" is of great significance to Khalkha Mongolia.
In the twenty-seventh year of Kangxi's reign, the conflict between Tushetu Khan's tribe and Tsarist Russia finally intensified. In January of that year, nearly 10,000 Mongolian cavalry, led by Tushetu Khan's younger brother Batur Hutaiji, surrounded Seleng
The city of Gesk.
However, at this time, Galdan of the Junggar tribe, driven by Tsarist Russia's instigation and past disputes, mobilized all their troops to cross the Hangai Mountains and invade Khalkha Mongolia. They first captured Haraholin and burned Erdeni.
They summoned temples and destroyed classics and Buddhist statues in retaliation for Jebtsundamba I. This forced Tushetu Khan's tribe to give up the siege of Selengesk City and return to fight against Galdan.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the Khalkha Mongols were still three tribes. The Sanyinnuoyan tribe located in the west was later separated from the Tushetuhan tribe. Therefore, the Tushetuhan tribe at that time was the head of the Khalkha.
The most powerful force.
As a result, with Tsarist Golovin in the east and Galdan in the west, Tushetu Khan's tribe rushed to the battle, suffered enemies from both sides, and lost many battles. Eventually, the Khalkha Mongolian tribes moved south.
Because the Junggar tribe colluded with Tsarist Russia and invaded Khalkha, which had surrendered to the Manchu Qing Dynasty, Kangxi could no longer tolerate it. Two years later, and for seventy years, the "Qing Quasi-War" officially broke out after three generations of Manchu emperors.
However, although the Qing Dynasty destroyed the Junggar tribe, the Khalkha Mongols still lost the territory of Transbaikal and the Buryat people. This became a lingering problem for Tushetu Khan in the past generations.
Counting from the second generation Tuxie Tuhan Chahu Dorji to Cheden Dorji, it was already the ninth generation. I originally thought that there would be no hope of restoring the old land, but who would have thought that a few years ago, a man who was closely related to the Manchu and Qing Dynasties suddenly appeared.
The Northern Navy, which did the right thing, actually pursued and killed Tsarist Russia all the way along the Heilongjiang River without any effort, with lightning speed, and completely drove Tsarist Russia out of Eastern Siberia. This suddenly rekindled Chedendorji's extinguished thoughts.
stand up.
Moreover, after the Northern Navy drove away Tsarist Russia, it treated all ethnic groups under its rule equally; although a large number of new immigrants were brought in to open up wasteland and farm fields, there was no discrimination against the Buryat herdsmen, and there was even a lot of support.
Beihai trading companies set up in Irkutsk, Kyaktu, Ulan-Ude, Chita, Nerchinsk and other places not only provide cheap salt, grain, cloth and other products to the Buryats in their jurisdiction
To provide daily necessities, the Ministry of Civil Affairs of Beihai Town also specially sent people to go north to teach the herdsmen advanced livestock breeding techniques.
Since last year, Beihai Town has promoted the planting of feed beet in various places under its jurisdiction. Under the guidance of civil affairs personnel, some Buryat people began to give up their nomadic life of "living for water and grass" and settled outside the towns of Transbaikal.
.
Due to the cold climate of Transbaikal and the difficulty of development, Beihai Town will allocate one hundred acres of land to each immigrant family who settles here. With the help and guidance of the civil administration, the settled Buryat people can use it to grow sugar beet crops and
Build a breeding farm to raise livestock.
At present, the life of the Buryat people in Transbaikal has become better and better. There is neither the pain of being drafted by the Manchus, nor the fur tax and poll tax of the Tsarist Russians. As long as they are hardworking and willing to work, basically they will not
Worrying about food and clothing.
Beihai Town launched the "Hunchun Campaign" last year, and after capturing Dashou Ula, it cut off the water and land connections between Jilin Ula and Qiqihar, thus forming an oppression of Outer Mongolia from the north and east.
In order to prevent the Northern Navy from going south into Outer Mongolia, the Qing government's control and oppression of the four Khalkha tribes, especially the Tushetu Khan tribe and the Chechen Khan tribe, became increasingly obvious.
For example, in addition to the 7,800 military assistants and soldiers in the Tushetu Khan tribe, there are also hundreds of post officers, who together with the other three tribes are responsible for the Karen station in the entire Outer Mongolia region. If it exists?
Households that bear the debt will also be charged an offset fee of 80 taels of silver per household. This money has to be turned over to the court and will not fall into the pockets of the nobles. For Outer Mongolia, where a pot and a few tea bricks can be exchanged for a few sheep,
80 taels of silver is really not a small amount of money.
After the spring of this year, there were about hundreds of families living near the border. The Khalkha Mongols, who had suffered for many years from the Manchus, fled to Transbaikal; they either smuggled across the Kyaktu River or crossed the Sayan
Go up to the north of the mountain and enter the Beihai Town to survive. As for the arrows guarding the Tuxie Tuhan tribe and the northern Karen of the Chechen Khan tribe, they are even more envious. If their families were not around, they would have gone to Beihai Town long ago.
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In view of this, on the one hand, Chedendorji stepped up inspections in the border areas to prevent his herdsmen from fleeing, and on the other hand, he also started private contacts with the North Korean Navy.
After talking about the Buryat people, let’s talk about religious governance. To put it simply, this matter is actually centered around the reincarnation of Jebzundamba Hutuktu, and then the management of religious affairs in Khalkha Mongolia.
Religious affairs in Mongolia during the Qing Dynasty were never isolated. They were often combined with governance. As the largest religious leader in Outer Mongolia, a word from Jebzundamba was better than an order from the Manchus or Prince Zasak.
Use too much.
Jebtsundamba Hutuktu is the largest living Buddha lineage in Mongolia. Together with Zhangjia Hutuktu in Monan, they are called the two major living Buddhas in the Mongolian area. Together with two other famous ones, they are
The four living Buddhas of the entire Mongolian and Tibetan Buddhist system.
"Kutuktu" is Mongolian, meaning immortality. Of course, there are many Hutuktu who were officially canonized and issued seals by the Qing court; as of the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were 100 Hutuktu registered in the Lifan Yuan.
243 bits.
Although Jebtsundamba had to be canonized and granted a seal by the Qing court, and accepted the management of the Qing court, there was a big problem that always worried the Manchu emperor.
It is said that the first generation Jebtsundamba is the son of the first generation Tushetu Khan Gunbu, which is also the younger brother of the second generation Tushetu Khan Chahu Dorji mentioned earlier; and the second generation Jebtsundamba
They are the great-nephews and grandsons of the first generation. To put it bluntly, they are all members of Tuxie Tuhan's family.
In this way, the Tushetu Khan family not only controlled the governance of Khalkha, but also controlled the religious affairs of Khalkha, which meant that the words of the great emperor did not work well in Khalkha Mongolia!
On the surface, the various tribes in Khalkha respect the Qing court, but in fact they still respect the Tushetu Khan tribe. This situation would be fine in peacetime, but once there is a war in the northwest, it will impose constraints on the Qing court. In the end,
An obvious example is the "Removal of Posts" that occurred in the twelfth year of Qianlong's reign.
This chapter is not finished yet, please click the next page to continue reading the exciting content! The "Qing-Zhun War" has been fought for seventy years. The heirs of the Junggar tribe have jumped out one after another to split the Western Region and Outer Mongolia, and then one after another
Then one by one was pushed to the ground, rubbed and ravaged by the Qing army.
After Galdan died, his nephew Cewang Alabutan continued his work; after Cewang Alabutan died, Galdan Celing continued his efforts. After that, Budolji Namuzhar, Lama Darza, and Dawaqi left one after another.
He came to the forefront and then quickly fell away. The last person to emerge was Amursana, who was canonized as Huite Khan by the Qing court.
It was precisely because of Amursana's bewitchment and Qinggun Zabu's ambition that eventually led to the "Removal of Posts".
As a digression here, there are articles from later generations saying that the "Removal of Yi Rebellion" launched by Qinggun Zabu was an uprising of the Khalkha people against the Qing Dynasty. They also compared him with Yue Fei and called him a "national hero." Don't be ridiculous.
Okay, do you still want to show some face?
As the county king and Dorobele of the Zhasak Khan tribe, and as the first-ranking deputy general of Dingbian Zuo of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, he could fight against the oppression of the lower class herders? Who would believe it?! He is not honest!
This guy colluded with Amursana to split Mongolia and Xinjiang, took the Qing government's salary but secretly had an affair with the Junggar tribe, and committed the scourge of "taking someone else's bowl and smashing someone else's pot". Is this what kind of hero he is? I guess he is just that.
He is a "hero" in the hearts of those who have split the territory of "Begonia China" and those who try to continue to split it.
At that time, Qinggun Zabu was in charge of the Hetuohite tribe, which was subordinate to Zasak, the center-left left banner of the Zasak Tuhan tribe. Such a low status made Qinggun Zabu, the prince of the Dingbian left deputy general and tribe, extremely
It's unbalanced. He has to be in charge of a sweat department to be worthy of his status!
In the eighteenth year of Qianlong's reign, Qinggun Zabu was appointed as the Counselor. He followed the Dingbian general Bandi and set out from Altai to conquer Junggar. However, Amursana was a very good talker, so Qinggun Zabu was persuaded by him.
, ambitions expanded, and he decided to launch a massive rebellion.
In the 19th year of Qianlong's reign, Dingbian General Bandi reported to the court that Amursana was ambitious and ready to act, so he petitioned Qianlong to take action against him. Qianlong then sent an order to Bandi, urging Amursana to come to Beijing as soon as possible to pay homage.
I want to wait until the other party reaches the mainland to cut it off.
Unexpectedly, it is difficult to guard against domestic thieves. Qinggun Zabu notified Amursana as soon as he learned of the situation, causing the latter to openly rebel against the Qing Dynasty and launch an early attack, which caused several officials of the Qing court in Ili to
All members died for the country, causing the situation in the Western Regions to deteriorate.
At this time, Qianlong still didn't know that Qinggun Zabu was colluding with Amursana, and he secretly stabbed the court several times, and asked him to go with Hadaha to conquer the Junggar rebels in Amursana. But Qinggun Zabu
During this period, Bu informed Amursana, causing the Qing army to make no progress in nearly a year of pursuit. He even openly disobeyed orders and requested to postpone the dispatch of troops for one year on the grounds of insufficient troops.
However, not long after, the affair between a close associate of the Qinggun Zabu sect and Amursana was found out and reported directly to Qianlong, so the "Two and Five Boys" Qinggun Zabu was captured.
However, Qianlong did not punish him immediately. Instead, he punished him with emotion and reason, with the purpose of getting rid of Amursana as soon as possible. Qianlong said that I know that you were bewitched by Amursana.
You are a loyal general. Don't I know you? Continue to serve me well.
However, before Qinggun Zabu could be happy for two days, in order to frighten those turbulent princes of Khalkha, Qianlong ordered the execution of Prince Erlinqindolji of Zasak and Shuo who had let Amursana go. This made Outer Mongolia
The princes exploded immediately.
You must know that the four tribes of Khalkha are all descendants of Genghis Khan. There has always been a saying that "the Golden Family will not punish crimes." But for Qianlong, even if the descendants of the Aisin Gioro family were guilty, who would count the Golden Family?!
At this time, the second Hutuktu jumped out. As a member of the Tushetu Khan family, he expressed his support for Qinggun Zabu's rebellion. The other Khalkha princes took a stand when they saw the "Living Buddha", and then they
They all jumped out to stand in line and decided to teach the Manchus a lesson!
Seeing that he had so many supporters, Qinggun Zabu directly issued a withdrawal notice in the name of the Qing court, and evacuated all Qing soldiers from all the Kalun stations in the Altai area on the North Road without leaving any one behind, causing the Qing Dynasty to retreat.
Military communications were interrupted and logistics was ineffective.
Next, Qinggun Zabu led his men to attack the Uliasutai military camp, Dakulun, Kyaktu and other towns. However, the rebellion became more and more serious, and even developed to the point where herdsmen robbed Han merchants and attacked yamen.
Gunzabu had no control over the situation.
After that, the third Zhangjia Hutuktu in charge of Inner Mongolia was ordered to go to Khalkha, with the purpose of convincing Jebtsundamba not to support Qinggun Zabu. Qianlong knew very well that as long as Jebtsundamba, as a religious leader, could
If Ba is on his side, the chaos in Outer Mongolia will be quickly settled.
Seeing that the rebellion was out of control, Hutuktu, who had sworn to support Qinggun Zabu, became a stranger again. He told the Third Zhangjia that he absolutely supported the Qing Dynasty. He had no choice but to do so at the beginning. His statement, others
The Khans of Khalkha and Beletaiji turned against each other one after another.
Seeing that something was not going well, Qinggun Zabu wanted to flee to Tsarist Russia to save his life. However, as soon as he ran to Hangha Shegas on the border, he was captured by Counselor Namuzal with two hundred people. Namuzal was therefore
Gong, was ordered by Qianlong to be painted in Ziguang Pavilion.
In view of the behavior of the second Jebtsundamba and a group of Khalkha princes and nobles who jumped up and down in this rebellion, Qianlong, who was in his forties at the time, was determined to completely solve this problem and never let Jebtsundamba again.
The reincarnation appeared in Khalkha.
So three years later, the second Jebtsundamba, who was born in the Tushetu Khan family, passed away due to smallpox in Kulon at the age of 34.
What is going on? The Khalkha Mongolian princes all know in their hearts that facing the powerful Manchu Qing Dynasty, everyone can only be a grandson. You must know that in ancient times, it was very difficult to get a person who had never had smallpox to get smallpox.
It's simple, just get a few belongings of the person who made the flower, put them on the bedside of the target, and everything will come together...
From then on, Qianlong ordered that the successor of Jebzundamba must and could only be found in the snowy area, thus putting an end to the situation where the Tushetu Khan family was in charge of both religion and Khalkha.
In order to consolidate his position, Jebzundamba, who was born in the snowy area, would not stand with the Khalkha nobles. He would help the Qing court win over and supervise them.
For Prince Zasak Chedendorji, the emergence of Beihai Town may be an opportunity. Since Emperor Qianlong can do the first grade of junior high school, the various ministries of Khalkha can also do the fifteenth grade. As long as he can help the Beihai Navy escape
After conquering the Qing Dynasty, I will find another one from the family of Tuxie Tuhan. Isn't that all there is to it?
To put it bluntly, the ambition of these descendants of the Golden Family to become the co-lords of the Mongols has never faded. But because the Manchu Qing Dynasty was too strong, they could only swallow their anger before.