Laojun said: When people perform yang virtues, they will repay them; when people perform yin virtues, ghosts and gods will repay them; when people perform yang evils, they will repay themselves; when people do yin evils, ghosts and gods will harm them. How can it be false to seek these two ways of repaying yin and yang?
Therefore, doctors should not rely on their own strengths and concentrate on managing wealth, but they should only use their heart to save suffering, and feel that they are blessed in the path of destiny. They should not use their wealth to give precious medicine, making it difficult for them to seek it, and themselves
Showing off one's functions is not the way to be loyal and forgiving. The intention is to provide relief, so it is just a matter of twists and turns. Scholars should not be ashamed to speak contemptuously...
——Excerpt from "The Great Doctor's Sincerity" by Sun Simiao (Tang Dynasty) "Essential Prescriptions for Emergencies"
…
"Fu'er, what do you feel?" Taifu Xu said with a smile.
Bai Fuyi was still unfinished and said: "This courtyard seems colorless and flowerless, but it contains some kind of power. When you are in it, you can quickly abandon distracting thoughts, meditate inwardly, and experience enlightenment.
This power is also a bridge that not only allows the viewer to perceive the spiritual expression of the garden architect, but also allows the viewer’s inner world to communicate with heaven and earth.”
"What is spiritual expression?" Taifu Xu asked.
"It's a kind of Zen that can materialize invisible feelings and replace them with one's own mentality in a specific form. It's like the gains and losses of mountains and rivers." Bai Fu replied.
"There are no gains or losses in mountains and rivers. Gains and losses lie in the human heart."
Taifu Xu said: "The most important thing about the gardens of the Tang Dynasty is mountains and water. Managing the mountains and water is the basic key to designing the garden."
We have also admired the gardens and courtyards of famous families such as Dugu and Changsun in Chang'an. Please tell me, what is meant by 'organizing mountains and managing water'? How is the courtyard in Chang'an different from this one?"
Seeing Taifu Xu being careful about himself, Bai Fu snickered secretly in his heart, and after a moment of reserve, he said: "'Tushan', also known as building a mountain or stacking a mountain, is a craftsmanship that uses soil, stones, etc. to pile up rockery for the purpose of landscaping.
'Water management' refers to the use of water and the use of water to construct landscapes.
Miniature mountain pools are popular in the courtyards of Chang'an, where "gathering stones to form a mountain and surrounding water to form a pool" are popular. The composition of the peaks and stones imitates the mountains. The more realistic the better.
Mountain scenery is a must in the garden, and the courtyards of wealthy families must be stacked with rockeries. The earthen hills are solidified with stones, like human bones; the stone hills are planted with trees, which are full of vitality.
Today's emperors and relatives often use soil as the main part of the mountain, which is lush and green, and the mountains and forests are wild and interesting. Although the cost is small, the results are obvious. It has the attitude of "Hinggang Kosaka, winding shores return to the sand". "Wood and stone embellishment, clouds and forests, and trees scattered on the mountainside
, The roots are embedded in the stone, just like the meaning of a painting.
Famous families such as Dugu and Changsun use stone as the main mountain, and they require that the stone be "small like a cloud forest, large and long, and although the blocks are stubborn and rammed, they are steeper and more steep". It is very difficult to stack stones, and non-master mountain craftsmen cannot create a beautiful scene. Once
The scenery is complete, the core scenery of the garden is high mountains, streams, caves and gullies, thousands of twists and turns, and the landscape is picturesque. The temples are hidden in the windows, like little pictures; the rocks and rocks are piled up, and the uneven half of the wall is so crazy that it makes the viewer
I suddenly thought outside the world and started to think about it in the painting.'
In addition to mountain views, most families have water features in their courtyards. Some are vast and misty, with skylight and cloud shadows; some are filled with green lotuses and fish swimming in the sky. If the waterscape is combined with the mountains and rocks, surrounded by water, and the mountains and rivers are connected,
Then 'the water turns with the mountains, and the mountains are alive with the water', which is the most poetic and picturesque."
Taifu Xu was stunned and said: "I didn't expect that Taoist Master Qingxuan also studied landscapes. It really impressed me."
"Master, he is teasing you."
A burst of laughter like silver bells came, and it turned out that the little novice monk also called Li Xuexuan. Some time ago, thanks to Li Xuexuan's careful care, the Taifu recovered so quickly. The Taifu really liked this child
, I feel warm and happy to see you now.
Taifu turned around and looked at Bai Fu, who was enjoying himself on the sidelines. Taifu Xu knew that something was fishy, so he pretended to be angry and said, "Why don't we just recruit him from the truth?"
Bai Fu finally stopped laughing and said, "Don't be surprised, Taifu. That day when I visited the courtyard of Lord Changsun's home, Lord Changsun secretly slipped me a note, saying that the family members of the old clan leader Dugu will definitely test me on garden-related questions in the future.
I will keep the answers in mind. I didn’t think so at the time, but I didn’t expect that they didn’t ask, but you actually took the test. Haha.”,
The Taifu changed his mind and laughed dumbly. He thought to himself: "This old guy is really good at being good and secretly revealing the topic. Well, why am I not the same, haha."
Li Xuexuan hugged Taifu and said with a smile: "Taifu, Senior Brother Fu guessed the question based on the answer to the riddle, it doesn't count. Please explain it to us."
Taifu Xu smiled and said: "Okay, the garden next door is also a classic garden. Let's talk about it while walking."
The young novice led the three of them into another garden, smiled and saluted, and said, "Master Xu, please come first. I will wait for Master here and will meet you all later."
After saying goodbye, Taifu Xu pointed to the garden and said: "This garden was the work of Zen Master Liao Kong when he was not a monk. When it was completed, it was so famous in Luoyang that even Emperor Wu Zhao never left."
Bai and Li's interest greatly increased.
Taifu Xu said: "'Taishan' originated from the 'Tai' in the classical garden '囿', which is a symbol of mountains.
According to myths and legends, there are three fairy mountains on the East China Sea: Penglai, Dongying, and Fangzhang. The three fairy mountains are mysterious, beautiful, and ethereal. They come and go with the wind, looming and looming. The clouds hide their faces, and the waves cover their traces. Only the one with deep Taoism and square roots
Only immortals can go to the three fairy islands and see fairies.
The First Emperor imitated the three fairy mountains, dug a pond and built an island in Shanglinyuan, forming a pattern of "one pond and three mountains", and officially started the "shanshan" craftsmanship in the garden. The use of real stones to build mountains began in the Han Dynasty.
'The stone structure is a mountain, more than ten feet high and stretching for several miles'.
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, influenced by the subtle influence of landscape poetry and painting, "There are many scenic spots, and the mountains and forests are so close, the beauty is only one person". The mountain craftsmanship of stacking mountains and standing peaks gradually became a style and became popular all over the world. Du Gongbu's "Rockery·Preface"
" says: 'Under the hall, the earth is built as a mountain, and a cup is filled with feet to replace the rotten wood...'.
The mountain can be divided into peaks, secondary peaks, supporting peaks and foothills according to the shape of stacked mountains and peaks. The peak is the highest peak of the entire garden.
According to the stone materials of the mountain, it can be divided into three types: earth mountain, stone mountain and earth-rock mountain. The earth mountain is mainly made of soil, and the slope is piled high to build a "big mountain". Pavilions are built on the mountain and trees are widely planted. The roots of the trees solidify the soil, and the branches and leaves line the pavilion.
People are in the pavilion, and the pavilion is in the mountains. Heaven and man are one, and it is natural.
Stone mountains use stones to build mountains, erect cliffs, and build "isolated mountains". The stone materials used to build mountains are mostly lake stones, yellow stones, slates, shootstones, and pebbles. Mountains built with lake stones are "ethereal, full of simplicity, graceful, and less artificial"; yellow stones are stacked on top of each other.
Mountains are 'thick but ethereal, heavy and clumsy yet sentimental and full of twists and turns'.
Earth and Rock Mountain is a mountain made of piles of earth and rocks. It not only has the charm of mountains and hills, but also has the solitary height of stone mountains that reach into the clouds.
According to the landscape, Daoshan can be divided into Yuanshan, Tingshan, Loushan, Geshan, Shufangshan, Pondshan, Neishishan, Cliff Mountain, Shanshichi, Goldfish Bowl, Peaks, Mountains, Rocks, Cave, Stream, Qushui, and Waterfall.
Waiting for seventeen kinds of mountain scenery.
references:
1. "What is the relationship between Japanese dry landscape and Chinese landscape painting?", Wang Shuyao, Harper's Bazaar Art, June 9.
2,《Chichu, Landscape Special Feature》, Chushin Publishing, October 2015 1st edition.