Due to Gao Jingshi's temporary new instructions, Cao Yu and others unanimously decided not to accept Shuerhaqi's request to surrender in front of the formation. Instead, after discussing with Gao Yimin, they suddenly typed Jinghua's "letter" in front of the formation.
with sword" flag.
Jinghua's calligraphy sword flag consists of two swords crossed on the left and right, with the sword tips pointing upward and pointing diagonally towards the sky. An ancient book in the form of a slippery slip hangs in the middle of the intersecting sword blades.
Gao Pragmatic has always claimed to the outside world that the meaning of Shujianqi is "defend literature with force, and control military with literature." In fact, this is meant for the civil servants of the current era - including those within the Shi School. As for the true meaning, Gao Pragmatic only
I told Liu Xin that even Huang Zhiting didn't know.
"The two swords point to the land and sea armies; the ancient scrolls point to Chinese civilization."
No matter what the meaning of the Shujian Flag is, at least one thing is certain. Everyone should understand when facing the Shujian Flag: the appearance of the Shujian Flag on the opposite side means that Jinghua's powerful force threat has been directed at them.
forehead.
The people of Liaodong, whether Han, Jurchen or Mongolian, have a deep understanding of the Shujian Banner. Whether it is the military might of the Battle of Southern Liaoning or the wealth of "all Liao boats and chariots, nine out of the capital", it all means
Jinghua’s powerful strength.
At this moment, even though Gao Yimin only brought 300 cavalry and not even a cannon, the deterrence given by Shujian Banner to Hetuala was not inferior to the nearly 10,000 cavalrymen of Cao Yun, Qi Jin, and Ma Chengxun.
The army.
Although the Ming army is strong, it is always limited by military pay, and Jinghua... no one thinks that it will be short of money. If you offend the Ming army, you may not die, but if you offend Jinghua, you will definitely not survive! This is already well known to all Jurchen tribes in Liaodong
Things that are clear.
No one dares to say that it does not need to trade with outsiders, and the ultimate target of trade must be the Ming Dynasty. Jinghua controls trade logistics in Liaodong. Except for Li Chengliang, he can still maintain a certain degree of independence by relying on the family business that he has worked hard for many years.
No other merchant or businessman can do without Jinghua.
Otherwise, not to mention how to face the possible suppression by Jinghua, even the sudden increase in trade costs is enough to make them succumb - if others have lower costs than you, how can you do this business?
Under the situation of "all Liao ships and cars, nine out of Beijing", the cost of water transport trade in Beijing is higher than that of any land transport. If you don't use water transport, the logistics cost will more than triple, and this business can still be done!
The only possibility is that you can monopolize a certain product, and you are the only one operating it exclusively in Liaoning. In that case, you can ignore peer competition - because there are no peers. Otherwise, you will have to act according to Jinghua's eyes.
Nurhachi originally worked with the idea of monopolizing the ginseng trade, but it is obviously still far from it. North Korea, Dong'e tribe, Changbai Mountain tribes, etc. are all ginseng producing areas.
Among them, North Korea has a separate trade line, which is the line across the Yalu River into southern Liaoning; the Dong'e tribe can trade in Kuandian and other places; the Changbai Mountain tribes, Haixi Wula, Huifa and other tribes can trade through Ye He's caravan
Purchasing and selling ginseng. This is beyond Nurhaci’s control now.
At the same time, many of the materials needed by the Jurchen ministries are inseparable from Beijing. For example, the simplest and indispensable salt. After Gao pragmatically restructured the Liaodong salt field, there was and was the only Liaonan salt field.
The source comes from everywhere - North Korea also produces salt, but unfortunately North Korea's salt production level is not good enough. Not only is the quality of its salt poor, but the price is also high. Buying North Korean salt is far inferior to buying Liaonan salt.
The same goes for ironware. Jinghua's farm tools, iron pots and other household ironware are also Liaodong's hard currency. Now even private blacksmiths have to buy raw materials from Jinghua.
If Jinghua's monopoly in southern Xinjiang is related to the control of political power, then its salt and iron monopoly in Liaodong is basically a crushing type of commercial capital. But having said that, of course there is also a relationship with imperial power.
For example, in the Liaodong Salt Farm, His Majesty the Emperor held shares after the restructuring because the original Weisuo Salt Farm was theoretically owned by the emperor. The fault was that the original Liaodong Salt Farm was full of shortcomings, which gave the court a terrible headache. Otherwise, Gao was very pragmatic.
The joint venture with the emperor may be criticized by the officials.
But when these things were settled, Jinghua's special status was established. With the emperor standing behind him, what could the merchants below do? Liaodong is not Jiangnan, and the so-called "merchant class" below had no say at all, and the most powerful ones
Perhaps Li Chengliang had the right to speak, but Li Chengliang himself was an official and a businessman, not to mention a military general - military generals were no better than civil servants, and they definitely did not dare to criticize the emperor.
Of course, ordinary Jurchens would not understand the twists and turns here, but Nurhachi is obviously not an ordinary Jurchen. He has worked under Li Chengliang for several years, and he has a lot of understanding of these things.
Therefore, when the Shujian Banner appeared outside the city of Hetuala, Nurhachi was half-cold on the spot and stood speechless, his face ashen.
For a moment, Nurhachi even wondered whether Gao Pragmatic planned to take over Jianzhou completely and use Jianzhou as a ginseng planting base for Ming Dynasty - or Jinghua -.
Shuerhaqi, who originally accompanied him to inspect the defense with an expressionless face, was also dumbfounded when he saw the Shujianqi. His eyes moving randomly showed that he was also confused and could not figure out what unexpected situation had occurred.
Why did Jinghua suddenly come to intervene? Attacking Jianzhou is an official act, and this battle is not Jianzhou's invasion of the border. Jinghua's interests are not harmed, so why are they here?
Nurhachi also paid attention to Shuerhaqi's expression. Seeing that his brother also looked very surprised, he secretly breathed a sigh of relief. He was worried that the appearance of Shujianqi was caused by Shuerhaqi colluding with Jinghua.
Yao Mozi, it doesn't seem like it now, and it seems that Shuerhaqi doesn't know why.
"Dou, have we had any disputes or conflicts with Jinghua lately?" Nurhachi, with a deep frown on his face, asked in a low voice.
Shuerhaqi shook his head: "I still want to ask you, Ah Hun. How can we dare to conflict with Jinghua if we are not strong enough? Besides, Jinghua always clearly states the real price when doing business. Although the things sold are more expensive, the price of ginseng and so on
, the price is quite fair, and they don’t play tricks on the scale, so how can there be any conflict between our department and them?”
Nurhachi also shook his head and said: "I have no business conflict with Jinghua, and the goods I have given them recently are all top quality. I don't think this matter originated from this. I suspect they want to capture Jianzhou.
Monopolize the ginseng trade on your own."
Shuerhaqi looked surprised: "Monopolizing the ginseng trade by yourself? Ah Hun, I don't agree with this. They also monopolize the ginseng trade now... Whether it's us or Ye He, or Hada, Dong E and other departments, even if it's
In North Korea, who can bypass Jinghua? In other words, Uncle Li can keep some private markets in Tieling, Kuandian and other places, and get some from the private markets, but the rest are not controlled by Jinghua? How can they monopolize it!"
He paused for a moment, and then continued without waiting for Nurhachi to question: "Besides, this matter of picking ginseng is unusual. Although Jinghua has many people, they have no experience in picking ginseng. I don't believe they will let Han people dig ginseng in the old forest."
Nurhaci's eyes wandered, he was silent for a moment, and suddenly said: "They don't have to dig it themselves. As long as they set the purchase price, someone will naturally go."
Shuerhaqi was shocked and whispered: "What Ahun means is that Jinghua intends to replace us people?"
"Why not?" Nurhachi glanced at him sideways: "Without us people, Jinghua's purchase price can be significantly reduced, and even after the reduction, the price for Zhushen (ordinary Jurchens) is higher than us
Give them a reward."
Shuerhaqi became a little uneasy. He seemed to be talking to himself or asking Nurhaci: "How could this happen? It doesn't make sense. By doing this, Jinghua is not afraid that all Jianzhou will rebel and Liaodong will not be peaceful."
Nurhaci said solemnly: "The matter has come to this, and it is useless to talk about it. How powerful was the Koromafa back then? Didn't the Ming people just kill them if they said so? I see that the Ming people just want me to be leaderless in Jianzhou forever, so that they can be oppressed easily.
.”
Koromafa means grandpa in Manchu, and Nurhachi here of course refers to Wang Gao.
Shuerhaqi fell silent after hearing this. After a while, he stared blankly at the book sword flag at the Ming army camp outside Hetuala City and murmured: "What can we do? Jian
With how many people the state has, how can it be possible to resist the Ming Dynasty?"
How many people are there in Jianzhou? Gao Pangshi was also curious about this question at first, so he really learned about it after he became the governor of Liao.
As mentioned before, Jianzhou Jurchen is one of the three major Jurchen tribes. Its members are mainly Jurchens under the jurisdiction of Huli Gai, O Duolian and Tuowen who were established in the Songhua River Basin in the Yuan Dynasty. They are probably
At the turn of the Yuan and Ming dynasties, they began to move south. Among them, the Jurchens from the Huli tribe, led by chief Aha Chu, moved to Fengzhou in the upper reaches of the Huifa River. When his grandson Li Man lived, they continued to move south to Fengzhou.
Hun River Basin.
In addition, the Jurchens of the Oduolian tribe, led by the chief Mengge Timur, migrated to the northern border of today's Korea. Later, because they were unwilling to submit to the Korean dynasty established by Li Chenggui, they were forced to migrate to the Hunjiang area and defected.
The Huli Gai tribe already lived there.
Another theory is that after Ahachu accepted the Ming Dynasty's Jianzhou Guard, he took the initiative to send people to recruit the fierce brother Timur.
In short, no matter what, Mengge Timur accepted the post of commander of the Ming Dynasty's Jianzhou Guards in 1406 AD, and moved to Fengzhou probably in 1411 AD. Probably in the same year,
The Jianzhou Guard was split into two parts by the Ming Dynasty, and Timur, the fierce brother, was appointed as the commander of the Jianzhou Left Guard. This was the prototype of the Jianzhou Jurchen in the future.
During this period of time in Fengzhou, the relationship between the Ming Dynasty and the Jianzhou Jurchens was very friendly, and Timur, the fierce brother, was also deferential to the Ming Dynasty. Unfortunately, the good times did not last long. By 1435 AD, the Ming Dynasty was very respectful to the Ming Dynasty.
The northern policy shifted from offensive to defensive contraction, and a representative event was the abolition of the Nurgandu Command and Envoy Department.
Before that, in 1433 AD, Mengge Timur and his eldest son Agu died in a battle with the Udiha people of the seventh surname. Due to their defeat, their tribes were reduced from thousands to 500.
household.
The main reason why the Jianzhou Jurchens failed in this battle was the intervention of the Ming Dynasty and North Korean troops. According to the "Records of King Sejong of Joseon", the North Korean army alone killed more than 500 Jurchens, making Jianzhou
The Jurchens "are scattered in all directions, and there are not many left."
After the Jianzhou left guard seal incident, through the mediation of the Ming Dynasty, Jianzhou was re-divided into three guards. Dong Shan held the left guard seal, Fancha took the right guard, and Li Manzhu still lived in Jianzhou guard. Such mediation
Although there are reasons for the internal struggle in Jianzhou, it can also be seen that the Ming Dynasty adopted a divide and conquer strategy in order to prevent the Jurchens from becoming stronger.
Among the three, Dong Shan was the most powerful. He quickly developed the left guard into the most powerful of the three guards, so he expanded unsurprisingly and committed side violations. As a result, Ming Dynasty
He was suspicious of him, so he took the opportunity to capture and kill him when he came to the border market to pay tribute.
In September of the same year, the Ming army contacted the Korean army and launched a surprise attack on the left guard of Jianzhou, killing thousands of Jurchens and looting all their savings for many years. In this war, the neighboring Jianzhou
Wei was not spared, and Li Manzhu and his eldest son Gunaha were also killed.
This was the third time that the Jurchens in Jianzhou were jointly purged by the Ming Dynasty and North Korea. The first two occurred in 1433 AD and 1467 AD. Subsequently, the Ming Dynasty and North Korea carried out two consecutive campaigns in 1478 AD and 1479 AD.
The Jurchens in Jianzhou carried out devastating damage to the area to ensure that the Jurchens in the area remained in awe of the Ming Dynasty and did not easily think that their wings were hard and plunder the border.
During this period of forty-five years, five purges of the Jurchens in Jianzhou led to a significant reduction in the Jurchen population in the area. According to records in "Shizong Shilu", in 1552 AD, which was the 31st year of Jiajing,
At that time, when the Ming court officials were discussing the Northeast border affairs, they said that the Jurchens in Jianzhou "have not turned against them for five or sixty years now."
This chapter is not over, please click on the next page to continue reading! It can be seen that after these five purges, the Jurchen population in Jianzhou dropped sharply, which indeed kept the border stable, while the Jurchen population in Jianzhou continued to Jiajing.
It was gradually restored during the Longqing period.
But don't think that this recovery is very impressive. In fact, in the 31st year of Jiajing, the three guards of Jianzhou only had more than 10,000 people in total, and their strong men were only two to three thousand at most.
By the time of Wang Gao, Jurchens in Jianzhou began to strengthen again. Of course, the more important thing is that Wang Gao actually unified the three parts of Jianzhou, which led to the inclusion of Jurchens who were not included in the statistics before. As a result, the population gradually increased.
It is estimated to be around 60,000 to 80,000.
However, Wang Gao expanded again and was beaten by Li Chengliang in the two battles of Gulezhai. Jianzhou Jurchens lost more than 20,000 people. In fact, the population under Nurhachi's rule now is only about 50,000, and at most about 60,000.
With a population of more than 50,000 to 60,000 people, he integrated an army of 7,000 to 8,000 people. Two things can be seen from this. The first is the advantage of the cattle system that all people are soldiers, and the second is the abundant profits from the ginseng trade.
But the ordinary Jurchens in Jianzhou are still afraid of the Ming Dynasty. The fear caused by being repeatedly purged by the Ming Dynasty will not fade easily. It can be said that except for Nurhaci himself, no one from the following generals from Shuerhaqi to Nurhachi thinks they can really resist.
Got the Ming Dynasty.
After listening to Shuerhaqi's words, Nurhaci took a deep breath, looked at his compatriot brother, and said: "Dou, you and I read Han Chinese books together back then. I wonder if you have any understanding of this sentence."
Shuerhaqi asked casually: "What are you talking about?"
"It all depends on man."
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