"I will tell Your Majesty today, 'From the emperor to the common people, everything is based on self-cultivation.'"
This moment belongs to Wang Shouren.
All eyes were focused on him, but most people's eyes were full of scrutiny and vigilance, but Wang Qiong glanced at Yang Tinghe.
unfair!
Sermons given by officials on duty must be reviewed by the cabinet. Yang Tinghe naturally knew what Wang Shouren was going to say.
Whatever is written in the sermon, you cannot say a single word wrong in the formal part of the Bible feast.
Judging from Yang Tinghe's calm and confident appearance, it was obvious that he already had a countermeasure.
He had enough time to think about the content of Wang Shouren's sermon, but Wang Shouren not only wrote it hastily after receiving the order, but also did not know what Yang Tinghe would say.
Looking back at Wang Shouren with worried eyes, he saw that he was calm and composed, and continued to speak with a relaxed posture: "Zhu Zi said that above and beyond a righteous mind, it is all about cultivating the body; below the level of the Qi family, this is how to take measures. What is called a righteous mind and above
, After observing the object, you will know it, after you know it, your mind will be sincere, your mind will be sincere, then your mind will be upright, and your mind will be upright, then your body will be cultivated. Once your body is cultivated, your family will be in order, your country will be governed, and the world will be peaceful."
The sentence he spoke comes from "Book of Rites·University".
The first chapter after the opening interpretation is the insights of Zhu Xi, the great master of Neo-Confucianism.
Zhu Xi said that among the eight items of studying things, developing knowledge, sincerity, upright mind, self-cultivation, managing the family, governing the country, and bringing peace to the world, self-cultivation is the foundation.
Because a person's character and personality are forged, then it will naturally not be a problem to manage the family, govern the country, and bring peace to the world.
The investigation of things, the pursuit of knowledge, sincerity, and righteousness of mind are all processes aimed at achieving the goal of self-cultivation.
It has been almost two years since Zhu Houcong came to this world, so he is no stranger to this must-read classic subject.
So now he is a little confused: Why did Wang Shouren limit his explanation to Zhu Xi's views from the beginning?
"So to govern a country is to establish a clear virtue in the world."
Wang Shouren continued: The reason why we want to govern the country is to carry forward noble and glorious morality in the world and achieve the goal of world peace.
In the book "The Great Learning", morality is used as a link to unify personal self-cultivation and the "road" needed to govern the country.
This article, originally written in the "Book of Rites", is a link extracted by Confucianism that is very helpful for the emperor to demand his subjects and for Confucian scholars to restrain the emperor.
Confucian etiquette is not just a ritual, it is also a restraint on one's own thinking, behavior, and pursuits by everyone who recognizes this "ritual".
What the royal family pursues is to govern the country and bring peace to the world, right? Confucianism can provide this path: thousands of my disciples serve this purpose.
The emperor wants to choose this path? Since the emperor also wants to rule the country and bring peace to the world, he must at least cultivate himself and bring order to the family first.
Therefore, the emperor's words and deeds must be in accordance with the requirements. The emperor's harem and civil servants are also obliged to say a few words: If you can't manage your own family, how can you govern the country and bring peace to the world?
"If you want to cultivate your body, you must first rectify your mind. If you want to rectify your mind, you must first be sincere in your intention. If you want to be sincere in your intention, you must first understand it. What does it mean to know well, what does it mean to be sincere in your intention, what does it mean to rectify your mind, and what does it mean to cultivate.
The sages have already described it in detail. However, to achieve knowledge lies in studying things, and what is meant by studying things, it is the most important and difficult thing above the righteous mind."
When he said this, there was a slight smile on the corner of his mouth: "In the past, I was a Zhizhi, and I couldn't figure it out at the level of investigating objects. I once examined bamboos for seven days and nights, but found nothing."
Zhu Houcong finally felt the difference between Wang Shouren and other great Confucians: he knew how to lecture.
When Yang Tinghe and Shi Yuan lectured on the scriptures, most of the examples they gave were allusions from ancient times or previous dynasties. None of them used their own experiences as examples like Wang Shouren.
Wang Shouren immediately became solemn again: ""The Great Learning" said: It is originally chaotic and ends with governance. What is thick is thin, and what is thin is thick, but it is not there. This is called knowing the origin, and this is called knowing it to the end.
If you know the origin, you will know the ultimate. What is the origin? It is said in the beginning of "Great Learning" that things have their origin and end, and things have their end. Knowing the order of things is the shortest way. The way to know is to study things.
When things are thin, how do you get rid of them?"
Zhu Houcong heard some flavor of this passage.
He knew the general idea. It just meant that we should pay attention to the emphasis between the root and side branches of things, the beginning and the end, and the sequence.
In "The Great Learning", it is said in a vague way that knowing what is fundamental can lead to a state of wisdom.
So what is the root of things?
No more words.
I recall what Wang Shouren said before: What is meant by sincerity, integrity of heart, and self-cultivation are clearly explained in "The Great Learning", or Zhu Xi, the great master of Neo-Confucianism, has explained it clearly.
But what about reaching the state of sincerity and knowledge? The symbol of reaching this state is knowledge, and the method is to study things.
But what about how to investigate things?
There is no explanation, just one sentence: "Everything has its origin and its end, and everything has its beginning and end. If you know the sequence, you will get the shortcut."
This touches on the fundamental differences between Neo-Confucianism and Psychology: everyone's common goal is still to cultivate one's morality, govern one's family, govern the country, and bring peace to the world, and everyone agrees that self-cultivation is fundamental.
But how to cultivate yourself?
So what Wang Shouren said today is "From the emperor to the common people, everything is based on self-cultivation."
From the emperor to the common people, all are based on self-cultivation.
"I think back to the meeting in Ehu in the past, so we went to the road together because of the method of teaching people. Zhuzi said that knowing and studying things is just one thing, and you should look at the exhibition and then return to the appointment. I studied bamboo for seven days and nights, and it lasted for twenty years.
Trapped at this pass, I read a lot of books, asked the sages, and finally re-read this sentence because of the method of teaching people: From the emperor to the common people, they have all been based on self-cultivation."
Yes, the famous Ehu Meeting, the debate between Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan, two giants of Neo-Confucianism and psychology, originated from how to teach people how to cultivate themselves. In other words, going back from the Confucian classics, how to gain knowledge: gain wisdom.
Because the explanation of studying things to achieve knowledge in Confucian classics is too simple and too vague.
Zhu Xi’s explanation is: studying things and developing knowledge are integrated, so read more, observe more things, analyze, synthesize and summarize based on experience, and then draw conclusions.
Wang Shouren did not mention what Lu Jiuyuan said, as if the sermon that must be reviewed cannot mention the viewpoint of mind science.
At this time, he used himself as an example, implying that he had read enough books and experienced enough things and time, but he still didn't know how to study things and gain knowledge.
Now that the topic was finally addressed, everyone in the audience became curious: Is his point of view hidden in this sentence?
"Everyone is based on self-cultivation. If there is a way to teach others, then everyone can know, know the origin, know the order, and be close to the Tao. The emperor can approach the Tao, and the common people can also approach the Tao. Therefore, the sage has teachings without distinction.
If everyone can know the truth, be sincere in mind, upright in mind, and cultivate in body, then every family will be harmonious, the whole country will be in order, and the world will be peaceful. Since everyone can approach the path, the method of teaching should also be accessible to everyone. Although it is difficult to achieve knowledge,
, there should be a method that directly points to convenience.”
He's still seducing people.
He said that what he realized from this sentence was why everyone should cultivate himself first. Saints also advocated teaching without distinction. This shows that everyone can take a shortcut and it is possible for everyone to cultivate oneself, manage one's family and govern the country.
of the world.
Since everyone has this possibility, there should also be a simple and easy method for self-cultivation.
How can you make everyone learn it if it is too difficult? Just like Zhu Xi said, go to the Expo? You pay to buy books for common people to read and teach them how to read first? You pay for him to travel everywhere?
Zhu Houcong secretly exclaimed: Although he did not explicitly say that Neo-Confucianism was not good, he pointed out the inadequacies of Neo-Confucianism through logic.
Or to put it conversely, Neo-Confucianism has been the mainstream and taught the world for hundreds of years. Has it been possible to achieve peace in every family, rule in the country, and peace in the world?
No.
So it means you don’t have that ability.
"The greatest truth is simplicity." Wang Shouren paused, and after creating enough atmosphere, he looked at Zhu Houcong and said, "The reason for knowledge is conscience. Goodness lies between the beginning and the end, between the end, and before knowledge comes.
We have arrived. The way of a great university lies in clear virtue, in being close to the people, and in striving for the highest good. Knowing what is right and taking the shortest path, good will also be close to the highest good. If you want to reach the great road, you must first have good knowledge."
"How to achieve good knowledge? Don't stop doing it because your knowledge has not reached perfection, and don't think you have gained knowledge because your actions are effective. The way to achieve good knowledge is to act when you have knowledge, and then practice it to make your knowledge better. This accumulation of small steps will accumulate small steps.
The method of flow is to unite knowledge and action, and make progress day by day. Those who are new every day will make progress, and those who are not new every day will retreat. There is no one who does not advance and does not retreat. These two processes are the ultimate theory."
"Your Majesty, Emperor Fuwei, with the dignity of the Son of Heaven, has outstanding talents, is improving day by day, knows well and is sincere, means sincerely and has a righteous heart, and has a righteous heart and cultivates his body. Once the foundation is completed, the world will finally be peaceful, virtue will be enlightened, and all people will
We call each other dear, and the best will return to you."
Zhu Houcong said normally: "I would like to be taught."
Then he looked at Yang Tinghe: He put the views of your family's Neo-Confucian ancestors into the conscience, what would you say?
Zhu Houcong, who had asked Yan Song and Liu Long in advance, realized the beauty of Wang Shouren's sermon after listening to it.
Although the sutra feast has a greater symbolic meaning, isn’t its essence about teaching?
It is the emperor who teaches.
Now Wang Shouren starts from one of the reasons for the Ehu Meeting, and what he comes up with is the ultimate proposition: to teach people how to study things and gain knowledge.
The fundamental purpose of studying things to gain knowledge is to cultivate one's self, and the purpose of self-cultivation is to regulate one's family, govern the country, and bring peace to the world.
Zhu Xi said that everyone from the emperor to the common people must cultivate their moral character.
Wang Shouren said that my method is what Er Cheng said about daily advancement and renewal, but I think it should be done through cultivating conscience.
Everyone understood: Wang Shouren did not mention anything about mind, nature, or the most common rhetoric about the mind.
But he started from Zhu Zi's point of view and ended with Er Cheng's point of view. Now it seems that he is the authentic Neo-Confucianism.
Zhu Houcong’s evaluation is: Are you planning to use magic to defeat magic?
His eyes focused on Yang Tinghe. After the official presiding over the banquet etiquette asked Yang Tinghe to start, Yang Tinghe calmly walked from the side to the center of the lecture.
It was Yang Shen, the exhibition scribe, who opened the sermon for his father and waited with bated breath for his father to argue Wang Shouren into silence.
Wang Shouren stood aside and looked at the chief minister of the cabinet with solemnity.
What will he say now that he has already walked in front of the emperor?
I hereby solemnly state that: The speeches of the characters in this novel are fabrications to serve the plot. They do not represent the author’s understanding of, or approval of, academic ideas, nor does it mean that the speeches of the characters in the novel are the true opinions of historical figures. If there is any controversy, please remind yourself: This is
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