Cao Han, as the daughter of Cao Guojiu, grew up in this era. In fact, women in the Song Dynasty had different views on marriage from ordinary women in ancient times. The Song Dynasty was a dynasty that connected the previous and the following. It absorbed the social and cultural systems of the Sui and Tang dynasties, and also influenced the urban economy.
Stimulated by Cheng Zhu Neo-Confucianism, Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism was born. Therefore, influenced by social customs, the marriage system of the Song Dynasty further developed. Because of the legal provisions of the Song Dynasty, women in the Song Dynasty not only enjoyed a lot of freedom in marriage, and could choose to divorce and remarry, but also had the same relationship with men in the family.
They also had the right to manage property, and also enjoyed the right to education and the ability to learn cultural knowledge. Therefore, many outstanding female poets emerged in the Song Dynasty. The status of women in the Song Dynasty was not as low as most people thought. On the contrary, women in the Song Dynasty
The status of the Song Dynasty has even improved compared with the previous dynasties. This is inseparable from the socio-economic, political and cultural environment of the Song Dynasty at that time. The economic prosperity of the Song Dynasty does not require much writing, everyone knows it. The Song Dynasty broke the "city" and "fang"
"There are morning markets and night markets. Shops can be seen everywhere in the city, and there are even 24-hour shops. Economic development has provided realistic possibilities for the improvement of women's status.
In addition, the rulers of the Song Dynasty had a policy of governing the country by advocating literature and restraining martial arts. Song Taizu set rules for his descendants, "not to kill scholar-bureaucrats and those who write letters to express their opinions." The selection of court officials was based on the imperial examination system. "Those who excel in learning will become officials." Therefore, literati
It had a very high status in the Song Dynasty. The development of culture and education allowed various schools of thought to gather in the Song Dynasty, forming a relaxed social atmosphere with diverse cultures and diverse beliefs. Although the well-known Neo-Confucianism emerged in the Song Dynasty, it did not
It became the mainstream thought in the Song Dynasty, but its views were not recognized by the world, and its social influence was actually limited.
The development of cultural education liberated people's minds. In the Song Dynasty, the supreme rulers, emperors and scholar-bureaucrats all believed that reading was regardless of gender, and women should also read more classics and history books to improve their quality and cultivation. Therefore, women in the Song Dynasty gained the right to receive cultural education.
, which greatly improved the cultural quality of women and promoted the improvement of women's self-awareness. In the Song Dynasty, a group of outstanding women appeared in fields such as poetry and painting, and knowledgeable women with knowledge of the past and the present appeared in all walks of society.
The level of education of women in a country directly reflects the social status of women in that country.
The improvement of the legal system in the Song Dynasty also provided a guarantee for the improvement of women's social status. After the establishment of the Song Dynasty, its legal form and content basically followed the Tang law. The law of the Tang Dynasty was the collection of ancient Chinese codes, so at the beginning of the Song Dynasty, the legal system
It has become relatively sound. After Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty, the laws of the Song Dynasty continued to change according to the development of society, legislative activities were frequent, and the nature and functions of legal forms were also changing.
The impact of the improvement of laws in the Song Dynasty on women was the addition of women's dowry rights, divorce rights, widowed mothers' rights to supervise their children, women's property inheritance rights, etc. The Song Dynasty recognized and protected women's rights legally,
It has improved the legal status of women in marriage and family. In judicial practice, officials at all levels must be familiar with the laws and regulations. In trials involving women, judges must flexibly use legal knowledge to safeguard women's legitimate rights and interests based on the law and facts.
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Women's activities in ancient my country were mainly related to the family. Therefore, a woman's status in the family is an intuitive reflection of her status in the entire society. The law of the Song Dynasty stipulates that women have "maternal rights" in the family. Maternal rights are relative to patriarchal rights. Generally speaking, in many ancient societies, the mother of the family did not have the power to take charge of family affairs. Generally, the male head of the family exercised paternal power. If the parent passed away, the adult son or collateral male relative would manage the family on his behalf. The power in the family was generally limited. It will not fall into the hands of the mother.
In the Song Dynasty, it was very different. Filial piety was the first, and filial piety was considered to be the fine tradition of the nation. Unfilial people would be considered as "heinous" sinners. The Song Dynasty inherited the traditional filial piety, which is detailed in "Song Xingtong"
It stipulates the punishment for unfilial behavior, and the government praises filial piety. One of the more prominent aspects of filial piety in the Song Dynasty is that both the biological mother and the stepmother are the objects of filial piety. After a woman divorced or remarried in the Song Dynasty, her children generally
The child is raised by the man, but the law stipulates that regardless of the ownership of the child, the relationship between childbearing and childbirth will not change.
Therefore, both the biological mother and the stepmother have the right to discipline in the family, that is, to educate, order, supervise and punish the descendants and servants. It is clearly stipulated in "Song Xingtong": "Grandparents, parents have orders,
If it is appropriate to the situation, it must be followed and the descendants must not violate it." From this article, we can see that the mother has the power to discipline her children. The mother's discipline of her children includes not only moral character, reading and learning, but also honoring the ancestors, being loyal to the emperor and patriotism. Sima Guang
It is said in "Family Model" that "a loving mother loses her son, and if she loves her son but does not teach him, he will become unworthy and fall into great evil." This shows that people in the Song Dynasty believed that mother's discipline played a great role in the growth of their children.
The improvement of women's status in the Song Dynasty is also reflected in the fact that women have the right to manage property at home. Regarding family property, ancient my country has always adhered to the principle that "children have no private property, no private savings, no private tools", that is, women and children at home cannot save private money. All property is the sole responsibility of the parents. However, in the Song Dynasty, wives had great control over the dowry, which they could use to support their husbands' families. At the same time, women in the Song Dynasty were good at running housework, had management rights over family property, and controlled the economic lifeline of the family. .
Marriage in the Song Dynasty was very popular. When a daughter got married, her natal family would send a generous dowry, including gold and silver jewelry, silk and satin clothes, fields and houses and other precious items. According to the "Song Xingtong" regulations, the wife's dowry did not belong to her husband's family, but to her husband's family.
It is registered in the woman's own name and can be freely controlled by the wife. This determines that a woman has a certain status in her husband's family, because if the husband's family treats the married woman badly, she can remarry with a large amount of property.
Not only did they have the right to control property, women in the Song Dynasty also had the right to manage and manage the family. Su Xun, a famous essayist in the Northern Song Dynasty, and his wife Cheng were originally the daughter of a wealthy family. After marrying Su Xun, who came from a modest family, Su Xun first traveled around.
, and later studied hard and ignored the family affairs. The family management was entirely dependent on the Cheng family. The Cheng family managed the family well and managed the business well. They made money through business, making the Su family a wealthy family. And Su Xun was able to
He devoted himself to studying and eventually became a great scholar. Later, his two sons, Su Shi and Su Zhe, also became talented and became officials. This was largely due to Cheng's good management, which allowed her husband and son to devote themselves to studying and studying.
The Song Dynasty implemented the rule of law, and literati from all walks of life could serve in the court as long as they passed the imperial examination. Therefore, the academic style of the Song Dynasty was strong, and education developed and prospered. There were many official schools and private schools in various places. People who were deeply affected by this relaxed educational environment
As a result, women’s rights to education in the Song Dynasty were greatly improved.
Since ancient times, the content of women's education has generally been about women's virtues, words, and merits related to women's virtues, such as Ban Zhao's "Nv Jie" in the Han Dynasty, "Nv Principles" and "Nv Analects" in the Tang Dynasty. But women in the Song Dynasty had
The scope of the right to education is much broader, including not only women's appearance and virtue, but also attaching great importance to culture and education. Because people in the Song Dynasty believed that the rise and fall of the family was closely related to women's virtues, they attached great importance to women's education.
The education that women in the Song Dynasty received was basically within-family education, with their parents dictating classics such as "Poems", "Books" and "Rites" from early childhood. In addition, private schools were developed in the Song Dynasty, and some women could enter private schools. After receiving basic education
After that, women in the Song Dynasty would focus on various aspects such as literature and history, poetry, music, chess, calligraphy and painting, and pursue further studies.
Remarriage can be mainly divided into remarriage after divorce and remarriage after the death of the husband. Before the Song Dynasty, it was a problem for women to even get divorced, let alone remarry after divorce. Generally speaking, the husband died for some reason, and women in all dynasties were required to remain widowed, and even widowed.
Women set up chastity memorials. In the Song Dynasty, women enjoyed great freedom in remarrying. This was mainly due to the changes in the chastity views of the scholar-bureaucrats at that time. Chastity belongs to the category of morality, and different eras have different views on chastity. The Han Dynasty was formed by etiquette.
During the important period, laws were used to reward chastity, Liu Xiang's "Biography of Women" and Ban Zhao's "Women's Commandments" were used to educate women, emphasizing that men were superior to women, and obedience was regarded as a woman's virtue.
In the Song Dynasty, the saying "starving to death is a small matter, but a breach of chastity is a big deal" was spread to later generations, making people generally think that the concept of chastity in the Song Dynasty was very strict, but in fact, the scholar-officials in the Song Dynasty really did not advocate the matter of chastity. Generally speaking, the scholar-officials in the Song Dynasty did not
They strongly advocated women's chastity, and they had no objection to women remarrying, and even supported it. In the fourth year of Jiayou reign of Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty, Zhao Yun of Runan County held the opinion that "the wife of the clan has lost her husband when she was young, and she is not allowed to remarry if she has no children. It is unkind. Please
"Except for this case, I will have a home." This is the literati who took the initiative to request permission for widows to remarry. Some literati were attacked by political opponents because they did not help widows remarry in time. For example, Wu Yu, the political advisor of Renzong in the Song Dynasty, because his sister-in-law had been widowed for a long time.
He remarried and was falsely accused.
In addition, some scholar-bureaucrats also strive to marry remarried women, which to a certain extent shows that they do not have strict requirements on women's chastity. The story of Lu You and Tang Wan is one of them. Lu You and Tang Wan were originally a loving couple. Because Lu's mother
She didn't like Tang Wan and was forced to divorce. After the divorce, Tang Wan remarried Zhao Shicheng, a clan member of the Southern Song Dynasty. Later, they met in Shen Yuan and the two parties even drank together. It can be seen that the scholar-officials did not express any objection to women remarrying and were willing to marry the remarried women. This shows the attitude of the scholar-officials in the Song Dynasty.
The concept of chastity is weak.
Women in the Song Dynasty were not restricted to the backyard by Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism as people imagined. On the contrary, they not only shouldered the family responsibility of caring for their husbands and raising children, but also had the right to discipline their children and the right to run and manage the family. They also generally accepted cultural
Education, outstanding performance in all aspects of literature, art, science and technology.
Compared with other dynasties, the biggest change for women in the Song Dynasty should be the expansion of women's property rights. Women's property rights are not limited to property in family operations, but also inheritance of property from their husband's and father's families, which is an important manifestation of the improvement of women's status.
In fact, the view on marriage during the Song Dynasty was much more open than before. Women's view on marriage became that they could live with it if they could, and divorce if they couldn't.
In the Song Dynasty, women married a chicken and followed the chicken, and married a dog and followed the dog. Because most people married on the fingertips, they may not have seen their husbands before getting married.
During the Song Dynasty, the status of women was slightly improved, and women were able to request a divorce, which was no longer the previous mentality of marrying a chicken, marrying a chicken, marrying a dog, and following the dog.
At that time, women had to stay together. In that era, women had no personal freedom and were completely subject to the control of their husbands. Most women did not live a good life, and it was an era where men were superior to women.
During the Song Dynasty, women's concept of marriage was relatively open. In the Song Dynasty, divorce was allowed. And women could remarry. It was relatively open-minded.
Even so, it is still difficult for Cao Han, as Cao Guojiu's daughter, to be able to freely choose marriage. Lu Yao can understand Cao Guojiu's good intentions, but at the same time, he has to consider his family and children. After all, Cao Ping
He is not an official material, and Cao You's character is not too likable, so it is understandable to use this martial arts competition to attract some ministers to join his camp. Lu Yao didn't want to participate, but now he has feelings for Cao Han.
His feelings must make him take action.
At this time, the spirit is in the wine.
Lu Yao had told the shopkeeper of Jiuzhongxian that if it wasn't something important, other people could not disturb him while he, Jintai and Fangzhuang were training. As for Yang Tao, the shopkeeper only saw him.
After a few times, in his impression, the relationship between this young man and Lu Yao should not be as good as Pan Wen and Chen Chen, who always appeared in the wine fairy.
Therefore, the shopkeeper said that Lu Yao has very important things to deal with later. If you must see him, wait until he has finished the matter.
Yang Tao also knew that the wine fairy did not come often, so it was reasonable for the other party to reject him. So, Yang Tao directly said that Lu Yao was practicing martial arts behind him, and what he wanted to say was exactly
It has something to do with Lu Yao's training. I hope the shopkeeper will take me there.
When the shopkeeper heard this, he immediately understood. This guy could tell directly about Lu Yao's martial arts practice behind the scenes. It seemed that he had an unusual relationship with Lu Yao. And judging from his behavior just after entering the store, this guy
It doesn't sound like he is lying. If there is really an emergency and bad results are caused by his own negligence, this little shopkeeper cannot afford it.
After some thought, the shopkeeper took Yang Tao to the back.
As Yang Tao was walking, he heard the sound of several people fighting. He thought it must be Lu Yao and the others practicing martial arts.
When Yang Tao actually arrived at the scene, he saw a masked man and four other people besieging a middle-aged man.
Although it seemed to be a five-on-one situation, the middle-aged man standing in the center of the field did not panic at all. He looked calm and calm, and he calmly defused the opponent's attacks one after another. On the other hand, the five people who were surrounding him did not panic at all.
Individuals seem to be fighting cooperatively with the masked man as the center, but in fact the attacks of the five of them feel that even a layman like Yang Tao has no structure and coordination at all, and they want to use this to repel the central attacker.
It should be impossible for a young man.
Looking at the situation on the court, Yang Tao really didn't want to interrupt. He looked at the middle-aged man. This should be the Jintai that Lu Yao had mentioned before. After all, Lu Yao had previously ordered Zhang Mou to move Jintai to
Yang Tao was also present when the staff dormitory of the hot pot restaurant was arranged. These days, Yang Tao had nothing important to do and basically lived in the dormitory. Although he knew that Lu Yao ordered people to build a single rest room for Jintai.
He came out of the room, but he didn't find a chance to see Jintai. After all, the time of the two of them was always staggered. In the evening, Jintai would go to Jiuzhongxian to practice martial arts with Lu Yao, while Yang Tao was busy here.
Things at the hot pot restaurant made him feel very tired. Basically, by the time Jintai returned to the dormitory, Yang Tao had already gone to bed. During this period, there were a few opportunities to see Jintai from a distance, but the two of them were the same from beginning to end.
There is no communication.
Today I got the opportunity to see Jintai show off his martial arts. Yang Tao felt that the man Lu Yao had spent a lot of effort to invite from Hebei was indeed very powerful. However, Yang Tao was a little confused. Among the five people who besieged Jintai on the field,
, there is no presence of Lu Yao, the five of them are attacking with the masked man as the center. Yang Tao has not seen Fangzhuang before. At this time, he thought to himself, is this masked man Fangzhuang?
While Yang Tao was wondering, the situation on the court changed. Jintai's passive defense at the beginning turned into an attack. The five people who originally besieged him were only so-so in attacking. At this time,
Facing the sudden attack, Jintai was a little helpless. For a while, they didn't know what kind of formation and personnel arrangements to use to face Jintai's attack.
So, in just a few seconds, Jintai defeated them one by one. In the end, his punch almost hit the mask of the masked man. Fortunately, Jintai stopped his attack in the end.
The victory has been decided, and these five people can be described as a disastrous defeat. Although Jintai's martial arts are very strong, there are five people on his side, and it is such a situation in the end. Lu Yao can't help but feel a little resentful in his heart.
On Yang Tao's side, seeing that the outcome was decided, he took a step forward and said, "May I ask you all, where is Mr. Lu Yao?"
The masked man waved his hand, turned to look at Yang Tao, and then took off the mask. Yang Tao saw that the man was Lu Yao. Recalling the previous fighting scene, among the five people who were besieged, the masked man and another young man
The man's kung fu was better, and the two of them had a back-and-forth fight with Jin Tai. Now that I think about it, it's not that surprising that this man is Lu Yao.
Lu Yao waved his hand to Yang Tao to wait, turned back to Jintai, and said, "It's the junior who lost."
Jintai was breathing evenly. It seemed that the attack by the five people just now did not pose any threat to him. Jintai said: "Although you have a numerical advantage, your cooperation in the fight is very poor. I don't know that you
Who will the opponent we face then? Even if his kung fu is not as good as mine, the opponent will definitely have a team by then. Fighting as a team, your current level is not enough."
Fang Zhuang, who was standing next to Lu Yao, agreed very much with Jin Tai's statement. He said: "Yes, it seems that we must practice the cooperation between the five of us in the next few days, otherwise we will suffer a loss. After all,
This arena is not a one-on-one fight."
Lu Yao nodded, looked at Yang Tao, and then told Jintai and Fangzhuang that this is the end of today's practice. Seeing that Lu Yao had a visitor, the two of them bowed and took the other three bodyguards with them.
The teacher left together.
Before leaving, Yang Tao also greeted Jin Tai very politely, and the two of them had met.
After seeing off Jintai and Fangzhuang, Lu Yao took Yang Tao back to the lobby of Jiuzhongxian, and ordered the shopkeeper to get a pot of wine and chat while drinking.
"You came to me at this time. Did something happen in the hot pot restaurant?" Lu Yao said after taking a sip of wine to relax his breathing during the fight.
Yang Tao shook his head and said: "Actually, it was Cao Guojiu who brought another old man and two young people to the hot pot restaurant for dinner."
Lu Yao thought for a while and said: "I know that the old man is Master Fu Bi, and of the two young men, one should be Cao Ping, the son of Cao Guojiu, and the other should be Fu Shaolong."
Yang Tao naturally didn't know Fu Bi. He was neither an official in the court nor involved in politics, so he naturally didn't know the existence of this important man.
Then, Yang Tao told Lu Yao what the Cao family had discussed with Fu Bi about the marriage between Fu Shaolong and Cao Han. Although he could not fully recount it, because after all, Yang Tao overheard it while serving the dishes, but
The focus of the conversation between several people was very clear about the marriage between Fu Shaolong and Cao Han, and the arrangements for the martial arts competition.
Lu Yao listened very carefully to Yang Tao's words. The martial arts competition was scheduled for three days later, that is, before the start of the second round of the new Cuju competition between the Lions and Wenyuan teams. It was obvious that Cao Guojiu wanted to use this marriage.
Come and severely damage the morale of the Han family. Not surprisingly, both Han Yonghe and Han Wenyuan should be invited to watch this martial arts competition.
Before, Lu Yao always thought about how to explain to the two of them, and how he would act and perform when it came time for the martial arts competition to recruit a bride. In the past, he always felt that there was still a long time before the martial arts competition to recruit a bride, but now,
This arena competition will start in three days.
"Sir, what are you going to do?" Yang Tao looked at Lu Yao who was a little distracted and asked.
Lu Yao came back to his senses and said, "Have you ever heard whether Cao Han knows about this?"
Yang Tao thought for a while and said: "I remember Cao Ping seemed to have said something that he would tell Cao Han if he found an opportunity in the past few days."
Lu Yao nodded. It seemed that Cao Han still didn't know about this matter. Thinking of this, Lu Yao sighed, and then told Yang Tao that he understood the situation. It was getting late, so he asked Yang Tao to go back and rest early.
Look at the Grand Prime Minister of the Northern Song Dynasty and remember the domain name: \w\w\w\.\8\2\z\w\.\c\o\m\ This chapter has been completed!