According to the regulations of Nanjing Zheng FU, six days of holiday in the New Year, from the 30th to the fifth day of the month, the work of the sixth day of the month will be fully restored to the work of various departments.
Several important personnel must take turns on duty to prevent unexpected changes.
Because after the Chinese Army began to increase troops like the South Line, they launched a counterattack against the Nanming Army on each front.
Return back. However, the Chinese Army did not launch an attack on the territory of Nanming. It was only stationed on the border. On the one hand, it was waiting for the logistics supply to keep up. On the other hand, it was also decided by the United Front Work Department.
The soldiers live a good year.
On the last day of the holiday, Shang Yi invited Wang Fuzhi, Li Yan, Huang Zongxi, and Gu Yanwu to the palace to visit the palace. Talking about it. Of course, a few people also know that this will never be simply talk about the sky.
What is the proposal.
Wang Fuzhi, Li Yan is the cabinet minister, and is also very interested in the model of the participating courts, because they are all scholars, knowing that readers are happy to discuss the state politics.
The government provides a place to understand the public opinion and people's conditions. Sometimes, Shizhi can determine the cabinet to provide reference opinions. Of course, it is much stronger than before.
Keep it. And Huang Zongxi is the current Speaker. Gu Yanwu is also invited to serve as a member. He even hopes to further improve this organization and become a permanent institution.
Sure enough, after a few people met a few words, Shang Yi asked: "Mr. Huang has been established for more than two years. How do you think this institution is running?"
Huang Zongxi said: "The bottom can be observed and the people's opinion can be connected with the court.
Both Wang Fuzhi and Li Yan also nodded frequently, expressing their opinion of Huang Zongxi.
At this time, although Shang Yi has not yet introduced the situation of the British Revolution to China, because the victory of the British Revolution was 1648, it has just entered 1650 years, it is a bit too fast, but it is also introduced.
With the current Republican system of the Netherlands. Therefore, these people are not unfamiliar with the parliamentary system. Although the participating courts do not have the power to determine the country's governance as the European parliamentary system now, compared with China, it is indeed a one to enter a one.
Big steps. And from some signs, Shang Yi also seemed to have the intention to make the participating courts into the New Dynasty Parliament. Therefore, several people also had expectations for this.
Gu Yan Wudao: "Taichong said very much, but I watched the political court, although it was unprecedented, but there were many shortcomings, procrastinating things, and very slow efficiency.
Some speeches are absurd, and some speeches are arguing, but they do not know what to do. Some of the evil words are added, and the kung fu is empty. If these problems are not improved, the participating court may be difficult to use. "
Huang Zongxi listened and smiled bitterly. He did have a deep understanding of these disadvantages of the participating courts. Although he also came up with some ways, it was also cure for the standard. For example, this time, it was dragged on
No results.
Shang Yi laughed: "Mr. Gu said, it is very reasonable. However, the disadvantage of such disadvantages in the participating courts is that there are no rules, or the rules are not perfect. Therefore, I have thought about it on weekdays and formulated a set of detailed rules. Several can be taken, and then everyone can check it out together. "Said drawing a book from your side, handed it to Huang Zongxi.
Huang Zongxi hurriedly picked up and opened the view. He still thought about it, Shang Yi was ready for a long time ago. After watching a few pages, Huang Zongxi couldn't help crying: "Okay, it is really good, it should be this that this should be this. Look. ""
In fact, these disadvantages in the participating courts are not surprising at all, because in the early stages of the formation of the parliamentary system in history, including the earlier period of the ancient Roman Republic, such problems in Europe and the United States are common. The family is unique here. In fact, most scenes are much more chaotic than the current participation courts. Discussing the topic in the parliament, the word is not meaningless. Although the discussion is very enthusiastic, it has never been fruitful. Tian Du is endless. If you do n’t attack your personality, you will be scolded.
Therefore, in the early days of the British Parliament, when members entered the venue, they must be checked to prevent some members from bringing weapons to enter the venue, and then because of different political opinions, in fact, until more than 300 years, in the parliament, in the parliament, in the parliament, in the parliament, in the parliament, in the parliament, in the parliament, in the parliament, in the parliament, in the parliament The quarrel fighting is still endless in many countries.
Of course, these issues are not caused by the parliament itself, nor cannot be overcome. As long as you formulate a corresponding conference rules and systems, everyone can ensure that the negotiations can be carried out normally in the scope allowed by these systems. It is impossible for the parliamentary system to exist all the time and become the mainstream political forms of various countries. Of course, the improvement of the rules and systems of the conference is not stunned, but in the long -term practice of countries around the world, it is gradually completed.
In 1689, a manual called "Parliament" appeared in the British Parliament, which listed thirty -five conferences at the time. This has begun to present the principles of many conference rules and systems.
In 1876, American Henry Martin Robert published his own book "The Rules of the Rules of the Affairs", which was later known as the "Robert Rules Rules", and became the standard system of standard conferences in Europe and the United States. The extensive application. Until the era before Shang Yi crossed, all the rules of conferences were basically formulated based on the Robert Rules Rules.
The contents of the Robert's rules are very detailed, including everything, and there are rules of chairman that specializes in the meeting. Of course, the rules of the conference secretary are the rules of ordinary participants. The rules of debate are very important, voting rules in different circumstances. But the purpose is to ensure that the meeting is carried out in a fair and fair environment, and try to take care of the interests and rights of each participant. Opinions must be expressed, and the rules are used to suppress the expansion impulse of their inner self -interest, seek common ground while depositing, and then vote according to the rules. This kind of rule and the designed operating procedures not only guarantee democracy, but also guarantee efficiency.
And there are some logical principles after details, which are also very interesting. For example, some rules related to motion, discussion, and voting are to avoid disputes. For example
In the nominal, they are talking to the chairman or chairman of the committee, and cannot be called "" "". Because the two members talk about it, they will be no doubt that the parliament will become a place of quarrels.
And when speaking, you are delayed, or forcibly asking for speeches, or interruption and interruption when others speak, etc., are not allowed.
The Chinese translations of "Parliament" and "Robert Rules" are on the hand at hand, but these two books are mostly head books, and the content is wide and complicated.
It is considered a considerable simplification.
First, the meeting has a host. Generally, the host is served as the speaker. If the Speaker cannot attend the meeting, select one of the sixteen executives to host the meeting.
The implementation of the meeting process and the right to send a speech, and the responsibility of other executive committee is to assist the host’s work, supervise the participants, and remind the host to have violations.
You must not express your own opinions and do not summarize the speech. Stop the speeches of the members for no reason, so as not to affect other participants. However, you can participate in the voting. If you are raising a show, the host and the responsibility committee must be the final voting.
Second, after a proposal was proposed, it is the only issue that can be discussed at present. It must be solved first, or it can be put on hold with the consent of the voting, and then the next proposal can be made.
In order to vote, and the host decided; and the voting of the two sides must be performed, the lack of one is indispensable. After you can not vote on the square, you can find that you have reached the requirements of the voting quota.
Then, then
Third, all the participants must raise their hands before speaking, and they must speak after getting the permission from the host of the meeting. The speaker must stand for each speaking time.
A speech of a proposal, one person does not exceed twice. Without allowing the speech, forcibly speaking when it exceeds the time, you will remember illegally once.
Fourth, the two parties with the opinions should be taken turns to get the right to speak: When the debate, someone requested to speak. The chairman should first ask which party's point of view. The spokesman must answer with "agreeing" or "opposition" to clearly express
His point of view, if his point of view is the opposite of the previous spokesman, then he has the priority. The content of the speech must be the same as the current to be resolved, and it must not be the same as the previous speaker.
Repeat the content, the host should stop his speech. The offenders will be given warning;
Fifth, the spokesman only spoke to the host of the meeting. During the speech, the proposal was absolutely prohibited. The previous spokesman had a personal attack; and the logical loopholes and language errors in the speeches of others were not allowed.
It is done by itself, only to discuss the matter, and you must not doubt the proposal. The motivation of the previous spokesman will be warned by the offenders;
Six, during a meeting, three warnings are violated; secondary violations will be exited for one day. Within the same period, if three times will be exited, except for the qualifications of this year's member.