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[Text] Chapter 45 Rules (Part 2)
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Of course, these six rules are all big regulations. There are also some small regulations below, and detailed explanations of each rule, so it is also very clear.#
At the same time, Shang Yi also made the standardization of the proposal mode. This is also to prevent some parliamentarians from marginalizing the proposal.
There are also instructions in the Rules.
In accordance with the provisions of the Robert Discussion Rules, a standard proposal must include time, place, characters, and agents, and the effects of the proposal, the conditions required for the proposal, such as funds, materials, etc.
Six major elements such as the source, not a big topic. All proposals that have not been format in the prescribed format must not be accepted.
To put it bluntly, let the proposal himself want to realize or solve this proposal, instead of only knowing that complaints, complaining, and only knowing questions, but throwing things that solve the problem to others. This is in China, regardless of whether
Is it ancient or modern, because of the significance, because the Chinese have always liked to talk empty theory, and lack the spirit of hard work.
Another point is that once the participating court made a resolution on a proposal, within one year, no similar proposals were accepted. Unless special circumstances occurred, it could be removed.
Pass, and deliberately submit it repeatedly, waste time and energy.
Although Shang Yi tried to simplify the Robert Rules Rules, after all, this after all, after hundreds of years of experience, the specifications were obtained.
When people look at it, they also praise them. They believe that if they are constrained in accordance with these six regulations, the work of the participating court can run normally.
In fact, this set of rules have long been formulated, but at the beginning, it did not take it out, mainly because at the beginning, Shang Yi only wanted to make the participating court office as a CPPCC instead of parliament.
Some people restrict their positions with the cabinet, so they also intentionally make the participating court's operational efficiency low, so as not to interfere with too much governance. At the same time, I also want to see the effect after the establishment of the political court, and let the members feel that there are no rules themselves without rules.
The pain, so that your own rules are easy to accept.
Now that the overall situation is determined, after more than two years of operation of the participating court, it is also basically accepted. At least the members of the participating courts hope that the participating courts can be retained. Although the members of the members can not be regarded as a formal official, there is one that can be used by one.
Published a political point of view and can participate in politics to a certain extent. You can also quarrel and curse. Of course, there will be no rejection. In addition, a considerable part of people want to improve the participating court as much as possible to play a greater role.
The four people invited by Shang Yi this time are basically this attitude.
Therefore, Shang Yi took out this relatively complete conference rules, and of course it was accepted at once. It was Huang Zongxi, and he was the only four of these four people.
The officials of the positions also participated in the discussion meeting of many court resolutions. Of course, more than 80 % of the resolution discussions will not be in endless running questions and attacks.
Others, or the issue, but after he served as the Speaker of the Political Court, he realized that the family was not good. Although he also thought about some methods and systems, he could not solve this problem fundamentally.
At the same time, he also thought that if the Ming Dynasty had these systems in the Ming Dynasty, it would not be on this step.
After a few people read the rules of this meeting, Shang Yi said: "Today I invite four gentlemen to come, not just to formulate the system of participating courts, but also that after we establishing a new dynasty in the future, we will be established in the future. What kind of system, participating in the political court, the cabinet will be in the future of the new dynasties, where will it be? "
After listening to the four, they all paid attention to listening to Shang Yi's next words. Now Nanjing Zheng FU seizes the world, and it is determined that it means to be treated. Of course, they know that Shang Yi will never say this for no reason. It must be fully prepared, as if to come out of this complete set of conference rules.
了 It is Shang Yi mentioned the two institutions of the Cabinet and the Political Court. Needless to say, the cabinet is formed by the Ming Dynasty after nearly a century. It can also be said that it is the three -year -old and nine Qing system of the former dynasty, and the three provinces and six systems are achieved; and the participating court is a new institution founded by Shang Yi. From the perspective of Shang Yi's formulation of this complete set of conference rules, he pays very much attention to him. This institution is by no means a moment of power, so it is foreseeable that these two institutions will definitely occupy very important positions in the new dynasty.
Wang Fuzhi is the first assistant of the cabinet, Li Yan is the secondary assistant, and at the same time as the minister of the United Front Work Department. Although it is said that the United Front Department is prioritized than the cabinet, this is a special arrangement during the war. After the establishment of the new dynasty The cabinet is dominated. Huang Zongxi is the Speaker, and Gu Yanwu also plans to run a group of executive committee, so it is also Guan Yan's vital interests.
Shang Yi paused, and said: "After the formal establishment of the new dynasty, the political FU institution will be divided into three parts: legislation, administration, and law enforcement. The army, the composition of the sage; the lower house is selected by the provinces according to the scholars and industry, all national policies, legislation, political affairs, war, and officials. Implementation and legislative power; and the cabinet's responsibility is implemented by the proposal passed by Congress, which is the administrative power; and the Ministry of Criminal, Dali Temple, and the Supervisory Institute as a judicial institution to exercise legislative power. "
Speaking of Shang Yi took out three cards and put it on the table to list a row, which read on it, the cabinet, the cabinet, and justice.
Shang Yi went on to say: "In this way, the country's three powers are separated and do not interfere with each other. Internal administration, law enforcement affairs. "It was said that the cards written by Congress were slightly higher.
The four people listened, although it was also a bit surprised, but it was not too surprised. After all, these four are now familiar with the ancient and modern history books, and they also have considerable experience in politics. Knowing that Shang Yi said, the separation of the three powers is actually a kind of power. Balanced, restraining each other, and not allowing a family to be independent. This is a means that any emperor will adopt. It is not strange. Because the emperor's energy is limited, it is impossible to allocate power to the ministers, but the power of the minister's power must be distributed, but the power of the minister's power must If you are more, you will threaten the throne. Therefore, when allocating power, you must make a balance, and at the same time, you must also set up a restraint to monitor the minister's institutions.
Of course, it is the first time to allocate power like Shang Yi. It is the first time in Chinese history. For example, the cabinet system of the Ming Dynasty is organized by the cabinet to set up legislation and administration. Although the judicial system has three law divisions to manage it, the three law divisions still belong to the cabinet still belong to the cabinet. The subordinate agencies are still ordered by the cabinet. One is that in the six subjects, they have the power to reject the cabinet's resolution. During the subject, the Royal Master still belongs to the subordinate agencies of the cabinet. To put it bluntly, it is still easy to be subject to the cabinet. Therefore, the emperor really depends on the restraint. At the cost of sacrificing administrative efficiency.
The distribution of Shang Yi really completely dispersed power, and the power of Congress will be greatly improved. It has legislation, resolutions and officials, and the power of supervision. However In the current management, Congress can only decide what to do, but what to do is still the cabinet; and the judicial unification is completely **, not being subject to the cabinet. Of course, in the three powers, the judicial system is still the weakest one Then, then
Therefore, from the perspective of power balance and mutual restraint, this method of distribution of power is indeed much more reasonable than the previous dynasties. If Congress can act in accordance with the rules of conference formulated by Shang Yi, it can also greatly improve the resolution. Administrative efficiency is better than that everything is better than everything. If the factory health system and eunuch system can be eliminated, it is not a more reasonable way to distribute the power.
Of course, a few people also said. This is a very sensitive topic. Of course, Shang Yi can have no scruples, but everyone else is not easy to intervene, so he also listened to Shang Yi, but no one spoke.
And Shang Yi also understood this truth, and did not ask them, "How?" . ""
Speaking of him, he took out another card with the word "Emperor" and placed at the top of the top. He said: "Although the emperor is the highest rulers of the country, and there are national policies, resolutions, laws, war, and appointment each The power of level officials, but under normal circumstances, do not participate in the state's resolutions and administration, cannot violate Congress's resolutions, nor can they interfere with the work of cabinets and justice. Existence, the so -called virtual monarch. "
After speaking, Shang Yi moved the card with the "emperor" to the place where the other three -point card was on one side.
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