Chapter 281 The establishment of the National Assembly (1)
After seeing the report from the Ministry of Finance, Shang Yi was also very happy. After all, finance is the foundation of the country. Only with money can you do anything without money. He can jump from a hunter in a mountain village to unity in ten years. The founding of the country has always ensured good financial situation. This is an important reason
It is precisely because of such a good economic foundation that although the empire was established for only more than a year, it has made great progress in other aspects. Due to the long-term rule of the empire, the society has completely stabilized everywhere. Agricultural production has basically resumed and has embarked on normal tracks and has begun to popularize the use of artificial power. Now the empire's food supply is basically produced in the south, and the social order in the northern region has basically stabilized agricultural production in most areas. It is also under recovery and is expected to achieve self-sufficient in the next year
In terms of business, the southeastern coastal areas of the empire have been fully opened to the outside world. All coastal cities are very frequent. At the same time, overseas trade has also driven the development of inland commerce. In addition, the empire has canceled many private checkpoints in various places. Therefore, the prosperity of business almost reached the level of the Ming Dynasty's heyday
Compared with the Ming Dynasty, the handicraft industry has developed the most rapidly. The traditional handicraft production area has basically restored its production scale. Since it was in Zhejiang and Jiangsu, the old bases of these empires have already produced production workshops with family and unit units toward large-scale factories. In addition to Zhejiang, Jiangsu Province, Guangdong, Fujian Province, handicrafts in these coastal areas have also developed extremely rapidly.
According to statistics from the Ministry of Commerce, there are now more than 1,000 manual factories with more than 200 people and more than 500 manual factories with more than 375 manual factories with more than 1,000 manual factories with more than 1,000 manual factories with more than 1,000 manual factories with more than 1,000 manual factories with more than 1,000 manual factories with more than 1,000 manual factories with more than 1,000 manual factories with more than 1,000 manual factories Sixty-seven plus a larger number of small factories, small production workshops, the number of workers in the empire has exceeded one million. Although this is still a very small proportion compared to the total population, this is already in Chinese history. A big breakthrough
Although the production method at this time is still mainly manual production, steam machines have indeed become popular to a certain extent. Now, 737 steam machines have been purchased, which are basically manual factories with a population of more than 1,000. Steam engines are all used. There are a few factories that have exceeded ten steam machines. Now, the bottle power that affects the further popularization of steam machines is not enough. The steam machine produced by the Empire is about ten horsepower. The power of the Watt steam turbine that triggered the first industrial revolution in time and space is still quite different between fifteen to twenty horsepower, but the development of science and technology is not something that can be achieved overnight. The emergence of the Watt steam turbine should be in a hundred years. It's time for
The development of handicraft industry not only expands the scope of fiscal taxation but also improves production tools and production technology to provide more and better products, and promotes the further development of agriculture and commerce.
But overall, although the transformation of Chinese society is only within a small range of the southeast coastal area, it has indeed made great progress. Although the capitalist economy produced during the Ming and Qing dynasties in ancient China has not yet grown into a towering tree, It has also been sprouting and growing into a small sapling, and it is growing tenaciously and rapidly
In another education that is most valued by Shang Yi, the third-level education system in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River has been basically improved. Primary schools have been popularized in all villages. It can basically ensure that children and adolescents of appropriate age can get the education and teaching content. It is also the Empire. The number of universities developed from the original Phoenix Military Academy, Hangzhou Normal University and Zhejiang University of Technology has grown to thirteen universities, and its major covers all aspects of society. The Navigation and Shipbuilding Technology College has emerged. Professional schools such as the Agricultural College and the School of Metallurgical Industry have also cultivated many professional talents from various industries.
However, the situation is a little behind in other areas of the south. Although the popularization and establishment of primary and secondary schools has basically met the requirements, the number of teachers is mainly due to the lack of teachers in new subjects. Many teachers have also participated in the courses of two or three schools. This has also affected the The further development of the education system has just begun to establish local education systems in the northern region
In addition, all the universities in the empire are now concentrated in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Taiwan, Hubei, Hunan, and seven universities in the six provinces of Jiangsu alone. Zhejiang Province have also caused the uneven development of the empire's higher teaching resources.
Of course, this situation is also caused by a specific environment. For a long time, Shang Yi's forces have been mainly concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Therefore, all aspects of the situation have been developed in this area.
In addition to politics, finance, agriculture, commerce, handicrafts, education, empire has also made considerable developments in transportation, urban construction, water conservancy engineering, Wenyi, etc. Although there are many problems in this, the overall achievements are still Main
After these matters were handled, Wang Fuzhi also submitted a report on the establishment of the Congress like Shang Yi. The detailed price of the Congress was introduced.
According to Shang Yi and the people's conception, the structure of the Congress is different from the previous Senate. It will be divided into the Senate and the House of Representatives with the Senate as the upper house and the House of Representatives as the lower house.
People who were elected to the Congressional Senate, collectively referred to as members of Congress, the conditions for becoming members of Congress are basically the same as those of the previous Senate: there is no limit on ethnicity, but they must be over 20 years old and have good moral character without bad records. etc.
The difference is: First, it must be born and lived in the empire for more than ten years, except for being appointed by the government. The accumulated time of leaving the empire cannot exceed two years, and the time of a single time cannot exceed six months; second, the individual must have three consecutive years. The annual tax paid is more than 100 silver dollars per year or more than 70 silver dollars per year. The cumulative amount of more than 350 silver dollars per year in three years
The first of these two new conditions is to strengthen the sense of belonging to the country by the parliamentarians. After all, if you live overseas or colonial for a long time, even if you are China, it will be difficult to guarantee that your national interests will be put first. Article 2 is actually to exclude at least 95% of the country's population from being able to become a member of parliament because not many people can meet this tax standard.
However, in the early days of the establishment of the democratic system, all countries had requirements on the property and how much tax the parliamentarians had. One reason was that the overall education level in this era was not high. The knowledge, experience and social responsibility of the general public had not yet reached the level of parliamentarians. Only by being able to choose a member of parliament from a few social elites can we better pay responsibilities to the country. If you choose a lot of people who have never traveled far away or seen the world, how can you fully exercise the responsibilities of a member of parliament without knowing a few people? On the other hand, this group of people is the main bearer of the state's taxes based on who pays the taxes and who is qualified to supervise the government to understand how the taxes they hand over to the state will be made. This is also a basic principle of a democratic society.
There are also differences between the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate is mainly composed of retired or resigned officials. The local influential people who have recognized outstanding character, morality, knowledge and outstanding contributions. There will be five places in Nanjing in each province.
As the capital, Beijing can also occupy three quotas each, and the emperor can also have five recommendations for each quota. Of course, if the localities have recognized character, morality, and knowledge and people who have made outstanding contributions, they can lift restrictions on their personal property, but in this way
Each province can only have one quota of five quotas with only the emperor and is not subject to its restrictions
The House of Representatives allocates the quota according to the population ratio of each province and is elected by each province among the people, but the quota of each province shall not be less than 12 people at least not more than 24 people. At this time, China's population distribution is extremely unbalanced.
The population of the province can exceed 10 million, but some provinces are not even enough. Therefore, this regulation can ensure that each province has a certain number of people but not particularly large. In addition, the qualifications of members of the House of Representatives are strictly followed by the standards of members.
The term of office of a member of parliament is three years, and then three years later, each region will re-elect a new member of parliament, and the qualifications of a member of parliament can be re-elected indefinitely.
The Senate and the House of Representatives will each elect a Speaker and one responsible to preside over the meetings, debates, voting and other work of this House of Representatives; the Senate will have ten executive members, four executive members, and four executive members, and six executive members, and six executive members, and six executive members.
The work of their respective speakers; at the same time, the Senate President shall serve as the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall serve as the Speaker of the Congress and the Speaker of the Congress.
After all the members of each term are appointed, the speakers of each house are elected, and the executive members of each house can be officially started.
The way Congress operates is: the affairs of relevant government departments are in the Senate, and the Houses of Representatives must be passed separately before the two houses can be implemented; and the proposals submitted by members to the Senate, and the proposals of both houses must be approved first in this house.
Submitted to the other party and then passed the debate and vote to be passed.
The former Senate House members were basically all converted into the first MPs and entered the two houses respectively. In addition, other elected members have gathered in Nanjing and can only announce the official establishment of the Congress.
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