Chapter 282 Establishment of the National Assembly (2)
However, the first parliamentarians were not selected from all provinces across the country, only Nanjing, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Anhui, Hunan, Hunan, Shandong, Henan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, cities, cities, regions
The participation of Congress was selected, and the two members of the Congress were selected. Among them, the Senate members were 66, and the House members were 295 people, with a total of 361 people, which were more than 40 more than the previous participating courts.
Then, then
And Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shanxi, Hebei, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, including Inner Mongolia, because of the late time by the empire, inadequate preparations are not sufficient.
It was not under construction, so this time the parliament members did not include these places. Before the second parliament members were generated, see if the linger in these areas matures.
Among them, the most controversial is the Luzon area, because Luzon is one of the earliest areas where the empire is merged into the six provinces of the Yangtze River, Shandong and Taiwan, which are earlier than that of both Guangdong and Guangdong, Fujian, Henan and other places.
After the Luzon Islands, a large number of Chinese people migrated to Luzon to open up wasteland and settled in factories. Now, half of Luzon's resident population is all Chinese, basically it can be regarded as the territory of the empire.
In the area, some people suggested that Luzon is also one, and some part of the businessman came to Luzon business people. Luzon should also choose members to join Congress.
However, after the discussion of the participating court, after the voting, it was believed that Luzon was not yet prepared for the election members for the time being.
An overseas colony still implements the colonial system, not the provincial administrative system of the empire. Therefore, from a legal point of view, Luzon cannot select members to participate in Congress; second, although Luzon's Chinese have reached half of them, they have half of them, but of them, they are half of them, but among them, they are half of them, but among them, they are half of them, but of them, they are half of them, but among them, they are half of them, but among them, they have reached half of them.
Most of them are just living in Luzon, not settlement, which is still very different. Although the long time is very long, after all, it is still temporary.
The Chinese who lived in Luzon can actually be regarded as a fixed population of Luzon, but in the household registration, they are residents of other provinces; third, how to calculate the local indigenous people in Luzon, and whether they are qualified for being selected.
After all, in the eyes of most Chinese people, the indigenous people cannot be regarded as Chinese, but the number of indigenous works also accounts for half of Luzon's population, and if the empire intends to put Luzon into its own territory, then the indigenous status positioning of the identity of the indigenous people is positioned.
The problem is to be solved sooner or later, so these three problems cannot be solved, and Luzon cannot be selected as members and participated in Congress.
Shang Yi did not have too many opinions. Luzon could not let it go. Anyway, the Congress was organized first.
The only thing that I think is some of the unsatisfactory ways of the House of Representatives.
According to Shang Yi's thoughts, the generation of members of the House of Representatives should be elected by localities, and then the House of Representatives Congress of the House of Representatives should be produced, but now these provinces and cities participating in Congress, although they have established a relatively complete local administrative institution
However, it is still the local administrative composition of the former Ming Dynasty, and there is no perfect local election system. Therefore, the generation of members of the House of Representatives is actually according to the Senate's way.
Those who have outstanding learning can only be considered a referring, not the election.
Of course, in the current environment, you can only adopt this method first. Wide democratic politics can not be established in one day.
To put it bluntly, instead, the counties and states first selected local alternative personnel and were handed over to the provincial government for screening.
, Candidates for each class should not be less than 20 % or higher than 30 %.
Such a rule is to make the members of the parliament that constitutes the same average as possible, so that the nature of the Congress will not be unique, otherwise the nature of the Congress will change. If there is no such regulation, it is estimated that more than 80 % of the candidates of the members will be held by Confucian students.
In addition, it has become the world of the people. It only reflects the interests of the people, and it does not represent the interests of the entire social class.
Judging from the list of members of the two hospitals in the end, the proportion of the four social classes of scholars, farmers, workers, and business is roughly three to two to two.
The businessman itself is also a scholar, and the boundary between the between is difficult to distinguish, but as a whole, it has basically reached the purpose of the average social class.
Therefore, in general, Shang Yi was satisfied with the formation of the first parliament after the first parliament. After all, this is the first time in Chinese history.
The place is inevitable. It will gradually improve gradually in the future, and it is quite good to be able to achieve this step now. You must know that in Europe, as early as the ancient Roman era, there were early parliamentary parliaments.
The system is generated, and that's it. The modern parliamentary system has taken more than two hundred years from generation to perfection. There are many personal dictatorships in the meantime.
Demonstrate the correct track during implementation, this is also a problem that will inevitably be encountered in the development of the Democratic Parliament system.
In fact, compared with the British and the Dutch Parliament in the same period, the Chinese parliament system is actually quite perfect and mature. After all, compared with European countries, Shang Yi has more than 360 years of actual experience in more than 360 years.
Twenty years later, in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and other European countries, people have continued to send people to China to examine the Chinese parliamentary system, and they praise the improvement and extensiveness of the Chinese parliament system.
The model has made many modifications on its own parliamentary system.
Three hundred years later, who has been arguing in the historical community, who is the first country to establish a real modern parliament system in China, Britain, and the Netherlands.
The club was the latest, but the system was the most complete, the most mature and perfect, and the most wide range of society. Because of the Parliament system of the British and the Netherlands, both waves and repeats.
The constitutional monarchy system, so only China is the first country to establish a true modern parliament system.
On December 25, Shang Yi recruited several major members of Huang Zongxi and other major members of the preparations for the establishment of Congress. He praised their hard work over the past year and announced to them.
The emperor's famous discussion announced to the entire empire that the Chinese Empire Congress was formally established.
Generally speaking, the imperial decree is issued by the cabinet, but in terms of administrative system, Congress is a legislative agency and is higher than the cabinet and judicial institutions. Therefore, it is obviously inappropriate to let the cabinet announce the establishment of Congress.
The emperor of the Emperor Cai came down to announce that of course it was more appropriate. After all, at this time, the emperor power was still authorized in people's hearts. Since it was before, after the controversy of [Congress Declaration],
The emperor personally decided to announce the establishment of Congress, and also stated that the emperor's recognition of Congress. If someone will take a big hat to deduct Congress in the future, it is obviously difficult to make it.
Huang Zongxi and others are also very excited. After all, their hard work in the past year has finally waited for the results, and after two years of participation in the political court and the preparations of the year of parliament, they have also studied a large number of European Classical Parliament and this.
At the time of the British and the Dutch parliamentary system, I also had a deep understanding of the parliamentary system.
From this era, the social development of China, and the development of ideological development is at a historical crossroad. A group of people of insight are reflecting on the history of China and exploring new ways to go out. However, due to the huge resistance of the traditional Chinese system,
And the relative closure of Chinese society, the historical limitations of intellectuals, have made many insightful people pass through the edge of the door. In fact, as long as you reach out, you can easily push the door very easily, but there is no just not.
People dare to reach out to push.
In this regard, Huang Zongxi, Wang Fuzhi, and Gu Yanwu, the three major masters, can most represent the disadvantages of the old Chinese system on the one hand. They also proposed very severe criticism.
Pointing to the emperor, but suffering from historical limitations, unable to find the correct way to solve these problems, so you can only hope that the emperor or the ministers can rely on self -cultivation and improve their own levels of Taoism.
Or the conscience of the ministers discovered that this is essentially not separated from the scope of the traditional Ming monarch and the sages, so it can only be shifted in the traditional circle.
But now Shang Yi has helped them open the door, allowing them to open up their horizons, and at the same time, they also find a way to really solve the disadvantages of the old system. Of course, for the intellectuals of this era, the introduction of the parliamentary system, whether it is just the same as the parliamentary system.
It is hard to say that it can solve these disadvantages, but at least this is a new way, but if the traditional road is unprepared, there is hope for trying the new road.
Because it is Huang Zongxi, after the storm of the [Congress Declaration], it has undergone a complete change in Shang Yi's attitude.
After agreeing, many of them were proposed by Shang Yi, but the mouth was one thing, and it was another thing to write as white paper and black. Therefore, Huang Zongxi also admired Shang Yi.
The mind is indeed not comparable to any emperor of the Ming Dynasty, so the change of the dynasty is indeed the number of days.
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