At the same time, the West German government, under Yang Zhen's request rather than so much blackmail, adopted a half-aid, half-sale approach to assist the Chinese government in building a new large-scale automobile manufacturing plant in Hubei at a very low price, and in Chongqing.
An automobile manufacturing plant was renovated. A large diesel engine manufacturing plant was built in Jinan and Xi'an respectively, and a modern shipyard was built in Huludao.
And using the latest smelting technology and equipment of Germany's Thyssen Steel Company, the new Wuhan Iron and Steel Company was established based on the original Hanyang Iron and Steel Plant, the Baotou Iron and Steel Plant was expanded and renovated, and the Jiangnan Shipyard in Shanghai was renovated.
Shanghai and Dalian, built using Japanese technology, have become China's two largest shipyards.
It also established two generator manufacturing plants and introduced three car production lines with an annual output of 800,000 vehicles. A new super-large modern steel base with an annual steel output of more than one million tons was built in Ma'anshan. In Shenyang
A large modern machine tool factory and mining machinery factory were built.
A large-scale production plant for electric locomotives and internal combustion engines was established in Zhuzhou. Two large-scale electronics factories were established in Mianyang, Sichuan, and Nanjing, Jiangsu, and sold three complete black-and-white TV production lines and two refrigerator production lines. And
Color TV technology has just begun to be developed in the West and has not yet been widely popularized.
Of course, it is impossible for the Germans to pay for all the equipment in these factories. A considerable part of it was purchased by the Chinese government in cash at the time. Among them, the electronic equipment and component production plants, as well as the optical equipment production plant, mainly produce marine diesel engines.
Jinan Diesel Engine Factory and Zhuzhou Locomotive Manufacturing Factory, TV and refrigerator production lines.
There are also Hubei Shiyan Automobile Manufacturing Plant, known as the Third Automobile Manufacturing Plant, which specializes in manufacturing large trucks, the Fourth Automobile Manufacturing Plant in Chongqing, which mainly produces buses, cars, and off-road vehicles, and the Nanjing Automobile Manufacturing Plant, which mainly produces sedans.
, Shanghai Automobile Manufacturing Plant.
All the equipment and part of the technology in these large factories were purchased by the Chinese government using US dollars in cash. The Germans only supported part of the technology and production process standards. However, the sales price was not based on the market price, but equivalent to
Half sale and half free.
Although it paid a price that was almost unbearable for the Chinese economy at the time, it introduced a batch of the latest Western industrial production technologies. In particular, a considerable part of these technologies and equipment were strictly prohibited from being exported to China by Western countries led by the United States.
Through this transaction, China not only obtained a considerable part of the latest scientific and technological achievements in the West, but also the latest machinery and equipment, especially the stainless steel production technology and modern aluminum smelting technology that China most urgently needed. At the same time, the construction and renovation of two large steel plants made
China's steel output has surpassed that of the UK. Moreover, the quality and variety of products are not comparable to those before.
And it has formed its own modern ultra-high-power marine diesel engines, ultra-high-power power generation equipment, large-tonnage truck manufacturing capabilities, modern mining equipment production capabilities, and modern electronic industry production capabilities. Especially large-tonnage mining self-unloading heavy trucks,
Fundamentally solve China's demand for large-scale mining special vehicles.
Although for these factories and technologies, the current economy of New China, which is still quite tight, paid so much that it made the founding prime minister feel distressed. It also made the person in charge of the economy, who succeeded Li Yanlu as the chairman of the Northeast People's Government, the then deputy prime minister and director of the State Planning and Economic Commission, feel distressed.
He received a total of 350 million U.S. dollars in spot currency and a foreign debt of 500 million West German Marks.
You must know that this US$350 million in spot exchange almost depleted all of China's foreign exchange reserves at the time. It even urgently sold a large amount of its originally small gold reserves to scrape it together. With this money
The country's foreign exchange reserves have almost bottomed out.
However, with the persistence of Yang Zhen, and the support of the founding prime minister who insisted on supporting his ideas and opinions despite his heartache, he introduced what China needed most, far more than the American technology introduced during World War II and the technology introduced after the founding of the People's Republic of China.
The Soviet Union had much more technologically advanced industrial equipment and technology.
By 1961, after all these factories were completed and put into operation, China's industrial level suddenly improved for nearly fifteen years. In particular, the Soviet-made submarine production technology secretly introduced than China had previously introduced, and which still remained at the level during World War II
The advanced Japanese submarine production technology and the much advanced German submarine technology have enabled the Chinese submarine force to achieve a qualitative leap in development.
And it completely solved the bottleneck in China's automobile engine manufacturing technology, changing the plight of China's four major automobile factories at that time, which could only stay at the level of imitation technology of the American IWC trucks, Dodge trucks, and Soviet GIS trucks in the 1940s.
.There is no such thing as an old Jiefang that has been used for decades.
And it has formed its own ultra-large off-road truck manufacturing capabilities, solving the dilemma of tank transport trucks and large military trailers, which can only spend high foreign exchange and rely on imports from France and the Soviet Union. China's automobile industry is no longer three types of old medium-sized trucks.
One is still the situation where the old-fashioned large-tonnage heavy-duty trucks from the United States dominated the world during World War II. It has formed its own car production and manufacturing capabilities that far exceed those of the Soviet Union, especially the design capabilities of engines and complete vehicles.
The formation of new marine diesel engine manufacturing capabilities has also enabled New China to have its own modern marine and vehicle diesel engine production system. It no longer relies on the American diesel engine technology introduced during the Anti-Japanese War and the backward technology transferred from the Soviet Union. For the navy to build new warships,
As well as the transformation of the original warships, the performance of the Soviet and Japanese warships equipped by the Chinese Navy has been greatly developed.
In the mid-1960s, the Germans introduced the latest production and research technology from the United Kingdom to manufacture their own ships and gas turbines for power generation. In the 1960s, the world's latest Spey aircraft engine technology was used to manufacture its own
The turbofan engine broke the blockade of the Paris Coordinating Committee organized by the United States on China's high-performance marine and aviation engine technology.
The most critical thing is the introduction of German prisoners of war to participate in industrial production, as well as the successive introduction of German production processes and technologies after the founding of the People's Republic of China, which has left a deep German imprint on China's industrial technology and process standards. The products produced are reliable in performance and the technology is not outstanding.
The Soviet style is silly, big, black and thick, and can even be described as quite exquisite.
Through hard work, it even reached the standards of Germany's own products. By the end of the 1960s, China's exports of manufactured industrial products accounted for half of its foreign trade. The materials available for export were not only agricultural products and resources, but also simple industrial products.
Taste.
Among the exported industrial products, high value-added products account for a considerable part. We even exported a series of high value-added products such as large passenger aircraft, large ships, and large mountainous machinery and equipment that were completely manufactured by ourselves. As well as televisions,
Refrigerators and other household appliances.
Yang Zhen also faced the accusations of the so-called bourgeois life style of a considerable part of the leaders of the central government, and even the pressure from the highest level. In addition to meeting domestic needs, Yang Zhen introduced three production lines and could also export them in large quantities. These products are produced and manufactured in China according to German process standards.
The sedan is extremely popular abroad, especially in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, earning China a large amount of valuable foreign exchange.
Strict German-style production process standards, a large number of modern production technologies and equipment, compared with the original industrial system that mostly stayed at the level of World War II, a more complete and modern industrial system, this is what Yang, then director of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense
Shock, a priceless treasure left to Chinese industry.
In fact, the reason why Yang Zhen's old partner of five years in the Northeast scolded her was not that he had emptied China's foreign exchange fortune and saddled China with hundreds of millions of marks in foreign debt. This famous figure in the party
Economists know that there is no such thing as a free lunch.
It is basically impossible to introduce the latest technological level from the West, as well as various industrial production equipment that is far superior to the Soviet Union's technological level, without paying a certain price. You can still use it if you have spent all your foreign exchange.
Accumulate, but if you miss this opportunity, you will never get it back.
The reason why the founding prime minister felt distressed and the deputy prime minister scolded his mother was that he believed that the country's financial resources were still very weak, and good steel should be spent on the cutting edge. It was not a problem to introduce the latest Western technology and production equipment to fill the gaps in domestic production. Spending on other aspects,
Let this party's economic expert feel that it is worth the money.
However, using the country's precious foreign exchange to introduce TV and refrigerator production lines that are not urgently needed in the country, as well as car production lines that are currently not needed at all, in his opinion, is not worth the gain. It cost 20 million to introduce these things.
At the cost of West German Marks, we can completely introduce a batch of German technologies and new equipment.
Because in his opinion, the domestic economic development level has not yet reached the consumption capacity of Western countries. Even if high-end items such as cars, televisions and refrigerators are produced, their sales will be greatly restricted. If they are equipped with
It would be obviously wasteful for the party and government agencies to solve the current situation of relying entirely on imports for official vehicles. Ordinary people will point their fingers at them and curse.
If they are all exported, can these things compete with Western countries? Can they be competitive in the international market? Although cars have become popular in the West, they are still considered high-consumer goods. Can these cars produced by ourselves compete with others?
Those old capitalist industrial powers?
Yang Zhen did not have too many explanations for the various incomprehensions of the party's upper echelons. Since this matter is left to him, he has the final decision-making power. As for the effect, we will know it after the product is released. And
He doesn't think there is any sales ability in the domestic market.
At this time, the country has basically completed the construction of industrialization and the improvement of the education system, and the number of workers in the cities is already quite large. Moreover, in order to raise funds for industrial development, there is no need to implement low-income, low-consumption, high-accumulation economic policies, and implement
The development model of urban and rural scissors.
Coupled with low-cost, almost free education and medical consumption, the purchasing power of ordinary people is much stronger than that of later generations. Especially those university professors, scientific researchers and other high-level intellectuals in China who currently have relatively high incomes.
It’s not that you really can’t afford a family car.
They don't use them. One is that the country imports a limited number of cars every year, and most of them are used by party and government agencies as official cars and reception cars. Even if they want to buy one, there is no place to buy it. The second point is that they are worried about being accused of being out of touch with the masses.
Relax and reform your own thoughts and pursue enjoyment.
But these people who have relatively high incomes and don’t have many children, or even don’t want children, are not unable to buy them. There are also no taxis in major cities. People have urgent needs, such as sudden illness or childbirth.
Sometimes, you can only use tricycles or bicycles. If your company has a car, it's better. If not, you'll suffer.