Three hundred and eightieth IX: Borrowing the Nest to Lay Eggs
The Soviet Union agreed to train several groups of technical workers for the Anti-Japanese War at the nearby Amur Komsomolsk aircraft manufacturing plant. However, at least one-third of these groups of technical workers must stay before the end of the Soviet-German war.
Work within the Soviet Union to supplement the manpower shortage caused by the huge casualties caused by the Soviet-German war.
However, the material support required by these workers while they were working and studying in the Soviet Union was borne by the Anti-Japanese Federation itself. However, the Soviet Union did not limit the number of workers provided by the Anti-Japanese Federation. However, this group of workers could only work in the factory in Amur Komsomolsk.
Area activities. If they enter outside the Soviet designated area without authorization, the Soviets have the right to arrest and approve them in accordance with Soviet law.
However, during the negotiations, the Soviets did not accept the "good intentions" of the Anti-Japanese Alliance and would continue to follow the original agreement. Instead, they continued to insist on transferring the British-made tanks that were included in the original agreement as compensation for the deduction of US-made tanks to the Anti-Japanese Alliance. However.
After he proposed to increase the proportion of American-made tanks transferred to the Anti-Japanese Alliance.
The Soviet Union will agree to transfer all the trophies of German-made tanks to the Anti-Japanese Alliance after repairs to ensure the number of tanks required by the Anti-Japanese Alliance. If the number of German-made tanks cannot meet the needs of the Anti-Japanese Alliance, the Soviet Union will
From the share of British-made tanks, some supplements will be given to the Anti-Japanese Alliance.
As for Yang Zhen's agreement with the Soviets to provide technical assistance and the Anti-League to produce updated fighter jets, the Soviets did not give any reply. However, they agreed to the Anti-League's request and placed Soviet experts' research on US-made bombers in China.
, Kanglian can dispatch engineering and technical personnel to study with them.
The Soviet Union also agreed to increase the acceptance of foreign students from the Anti-Japanese Alliance. All science and engineering programs, including high-energy physics and other majors that originally restricted the number of candidates from the Chinese side, will be fully open to the Chinese party. As long as they can pass the Soviet entrance examination, the Soviet side will
These international students will be fully accepted for study.
However, all tuition fees and material needs are borne by the Chinese Party itself. At the same time, the Soviet Union also agreed to select a group of experts to teach at Harbin Institute of Technology and a series of vocational schools under the Anti-Japanese League, with the Anti-Japanese League bearing the salaries.
Work. To make up for the current situation of insufficient teaching resources in these schools founded by Chinese comrades.
However, as the Soviet Union proposed, the domestic material shortage situation is becoming more and more serious, and even the basic supply has reached an unsustainable point. It is hoped that Chinese comrades can increase the supply of grain and agricultural products to the Soviet Union, so as to change the current situation of the Soviet Union.
requirements encountered in food distress.
At this point, after consultation with the Chairman of the Northeast People's Government, who was the leader of the delegation, Yang Zhen proposed that several universities that were moving eastward be temporarily moved to Northeast China and temporarily merged with Harbin Institute of Technology to ensure that several universities were relocated eastward.
supplies to universities and reduce food pressure on the Soviet Union.
As long as the Soviets agree that these Soviet universities will be in Northeast China, science and engineering will fully enroll Chinese students. All supply problems of teachers and students of Soviet universities in Northeast China will be solved by the Chinese side. At the same time, the Anti-Japanese League guarantees the supply of teachers and students of these universities.
To ensure safety, after the war is over, all teachers and students must return to the Soviet Union.
After several negotiations, the Soviets finally agreed to the exchange request. However, they proposed that when these universities return to the Soviet Union, the Anti-Japanese Alliance should not use any excuse to detain any faculty or students. Once the war situation stabilized, the Soviet Union
The authorities will move these universities back to the Soviet Union as soon as possible.
However, Chinese students at these universities in China can move back to the Soviet Union to continue their studies. Moreover, the Anti-Japanese Federation must pay the same tuition fees for all students entering Soviet universities in China as students studying in the Soviet Union. However, considering the Chinese comrades
In order to improve their economic affordability, the Soviets agreed that part of the tuition fees could be paid with discounts from agricultural products and coal, and they no longer required Chinese comrades to pay all in cash.
When this agreement was negotiated, the process was not as gentle as what Yang Zhen said later. Those words were just some adjectives. The entire negotiation process was tense. After a full month of negotiations, all negotiations were finally completed. However,
Although the negotiation process was a bit more difficult, the Soviet Union implemented it very quickly.
Before the agreement was finally signed, under Yang Zhen's insistence and certain concessions, the first batch of 70 Lago III fighter jets transferred by the Soviets had been shipped to Northeast China. At the beginning of the signing of the agreement,
Within three days, all the Lager fighter jets had been handed over.
As for the first batch of universities that moved eastwards, the agreement had just entered the implementation stage, and even the Northeast Bureau had not yet had time to prepare campus buildings. This batch was basically universities that moved from the occupied areas of the Soviet Union. All teachers and students, as well as faculty and staff,
Those who have not been drafted have already arrived in Jiamusi.
These universities include Kalinin Institute of Technology, Leningrad Medical College, Leningrad Transport University and other universities in the Leningrad area that were evacuated from Leningrad before being surrounded. As well as Kiev University, which was evacuated immediately before being lost.
, Belarusian University, Belarusian Railway and Transport Institute, Belarusian Medical College, Dnieper University and other universities in occupied areas.
The Soviets attach great importance to higher education, which is far beyond what the Chinese can compare with. Domestic material supplies are scarce, and students from various universities who moved eastward, although they are key support departments, also suffer from a lack of materials. Coal, grain, sugar
Food rations are seriously insufficient, and meat is hard to come by.
It has been more than a year since the war broke out. Although universities in occupied areas have basically been rescued. Some have moved to Central Asia and some to safer Siberia. However, due to the poor overall domestic supply situation, teachers and students of these universities have
Like all Soviet citizens, they were generally severely malnourished and had even disrupted the original teaching sequence.
In order to ensure that the education of these universities would not be disrupted by the war, and to ensure the health and nutrition of these professors and college students, the Soviets finally agreed to move part of the university eastward to Northeast China, where material supplies are relatively stable, to continue classes. In exchange
, these universities will increase the number of enrollment in China.
With the famine in the Soviet Union in 1943, the shortage of supplies further intensified. After urgent discussions with Yan'an and according to the Northeast's bearing capacity, the Soviets urgently relocated sixteen more universities in addition to some universities that were relocated in the second half of 1942.
A university entered Northeast China as a temporary teaching site.
Even after the end of the Moscow Defense War, the Moscow Dynamics Institute, the Moscow Institute of Finance and Economics, and the Moscow Iron and Steel Institute that remained in the Ural region also moved to the Northeast because the battle lines were not far away from Moscow. The newly established Petroleum Institute was originally established in Harbin.
.
However, although the Soviet Union accepted the good intentions of the Chinese comrades and transferred some universities to Northeast China, all the research institutes of these universities were left in the country without exception, and none of them was moved to China. Even the agricultural research institutes
, have also stayed in China. And many of the universities that have moved to the Northeast are normal universities.
Although a large number of Soviet teachers and students entered the Northeast, which greatly increased the burden on the Northeast, Yang Zhen still believed that this agreement was more cost-effective than the Anti-Japanese Alliance sending students to the Soviet Union. The Chinese do need experts in aviation engineering, but
Experts in railways and transportation, electricity and water conservancy are also needed.
There is also a huge demand for doctors. There is also a shortage of agricultural experts. As long as the Soviets promise to open these universities to Chinese students, that is a good thing. The Chinese have a place to borrow chickens to lay eggs.
It is more conducive to cultivating your own professional talents.
It doesn't matter what university it is, as long as it can recruit Chinese students. However, after repeated discussions with the Northeast Bureau and the Northeast People's Government, Yang Zhen still focused on selecting students to several engineering colleges and medical schools. As for the original batch
Former international students who originally planned to return to China to serve as professors and lecturers will be allowed to continue their studies if they are admitted to a master's degree or above.
After the agreement was signed, the central government also secretly coordinated with party organizations in the occupied areas to ask them to assist the Anti-Japanese Federation in recruiting students in the occupied areas. This ensured that there would be enough students to make the most of this rare opportunity.
Enter universities in the Soviet Union for further studies and cultivate your own scientific and technological talents.
In fact, although the Soviets demanded that these universities be moved back to the Soviet Union immediately after the war, several universities in the German-occupied areas did not continue until 48 years later, when the cities located on the main battlefields of the Soviet Union and Germany were completely rebuilt.
moved back to China.
The educational part of this supplementary agreement was implemented throughout the war. The Soviets did increase the number of Chinese students they accepted, and also opened some universities and disciplines that were previously not open to the Chinese.
People opened up.
There was no interruption until the end of World War II and the founding of New China. Starting from the selection of overseas students by the Anti-Japanese Federation, after the founding of New China, a large number of most urgently needed science and engineering talents were trained for China's industrialization process and large-scale industrial construction, especially
They are engineering talents that are in short supply in China.
There was no way that until the founding of the People's Republic of China, all domestic universities combined, 70% of the students they trained were studying liberal arts. The remaining 30% were engaged in basic research in science, and the majority were students studying engineering, which was most urgently needed for industrial construction.
, the number accounts for 10% at most.
Not to mention that less than one-third of the current domestic engineering graduates can come to the Northeast. Even if all the domestic engineering college students come to the Northeast, even the talents needed for the current industrial construction will not be satisfied. Without talents, all aspects of industry are
Ideas can only be a bunch of phantoms that can never be realized.
There are indeed a large number of so-called masters in domestic universities, but these masters cannot engage in scientific research, nor can they truly provide the knowledge needed for the development of the national economy. Although the Soviet model has shortcomings, the division of disciplines is too fine, and it is difficult to cultivate students like the West.
of general talents. But at least it solves the contradiction between supply and demand and ensures the most basic talent needs for construction.
As for the so-called sciences such as humanities and nature, history, philosophy, and sociology, we should wait until the talents most urgently needed for industrialization are solved. Some people in later generations criticized China's education system for being unable to cultivate masters after the founding of the People's Republic of China. It turns out that Yang Zhen was still very good.
I deeply believe this, thinking that there is indeed something wrong with China’s education system after the founding of the People’s Republic of China.
But after returning to this era, Yang Zhen discovered that the reform of the higher education system at that time, in addition to specific historical reasons, was more of a necessary means taken by the country to change the situation of severe shortage of engineering talents. The talent gap has passed
Big, is the real reason for adjustment.
The original leaders may not understand the shortcomings of the Soviet model. However, the Soviet mass training model has become the most convenient means to solve the most urgent task. Find a balance as much as possible between the so-called quality and quantity.
In order to solve the urgent needs of national economic construction.