In the fourth year of Changping, at the beginning of the year, Youzhou City began to become lively.
Officials from various states in Zhao, the towns and generals of the imperial guards gathered in Youzhou City.
The Shiwei tribe, which became a vassal of the Zhao army, sent envoys to Youzhou City. The kings of the Western Regions who were defeated by the Zhao army had already returned to Youzhou City with Zhao Xun.
On January 8th, Zhao Xun followed the response of all the people in Zhao, and all officials advised him to heaven and earth, established a country, and called himself the King of Zhao. Zhao Xun did not directly proclaim himself emperor, but was still the King of Zhao. However, Zhao now
The king was not the title of king who was granted by Dayan in the past, but the princes and kings of a country. Officials from all over the country, who inherited the new king and vassal envoys, also expressed their surrender to Dazhao and presented gifts to the court.[
Although it is even more extraordinary to be promoted to the emperor, although it has the benefits of becoming emperor, it also has shortcomings. Zhao Xun decided to be called king before the southern princes were resolved. Although he did not directly proclaim himself emperor, an empire was a king.
All the institutions that are due are formed one by one.
The Great Zhao Chengyan system, and civil and military officials can be awarded medals, with a total of fifteen levels. According to regulations, medals can be on the same position as ministers of the corresponding rank. However, in fact, due to the excessive awards of awards, tens of thousands of actions were caused. Therefore, the duties were held.
The actual status of a great official is often under the clerk, and it only becomes a kind of honorary title awarded to officials.
The Great Zhao State was a feudal state system headed by King Zhao. King Zhao held the highest power of the country and had the power to seize all subjects. Laws and decrees were promulgated in the name of the emperor, and King Zhao had the right to amend laws and decrees.
, and may not be bound by laws and decrees.
Under the King of Zhao, there are currently three provinces, two courtyards, nine ministries, six temples, and other officials, and other departments to form the ruling order of the new dynasty. Among them, the core is the three provinces of the Great Chu State and the Great Yan State.
Six systems.
Since the founding of the Great Chu State, the central dynasty was divided into three provinces and six ministries, and it was developed quite well. Its organization is relatively complete and its division of labor is clear, which is a symbol of the development of feudal society to its maturity stage. In another era, these have continued.
By the Qing Dynasty, there was basically no change.
The three provinces and six ministries system of Dayan, and the three provinces are the Secretariat, Menxia Province and Shangshu Province. They are the highest government agencies in the country, responsible for making decisions, deliberation and execution of national government affairs. The six ministries are the Ministry of Personnel, the Ministry of Revenue, the Ministry of Rites, and the Ministry of War.
The Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Works. There are departments under the six ministries. The head of the department is called Shangshu, the deputy chief is called Shilang, the chief of each department, and the deputy head is called the Langzhong and the Yuanwailang.
The new dynasty adopted similar settings based on the three provinces and six ministries system, and made some modifications, but in general, no major changes were made. In fact, the way this system operates is
Mature and effective is the crystallization of the wisdom of the Chinese people for thousands of years.
Here, it is similar to the Sui and Tang Dynasties in memory. The Great Chu and Da Yan are basically the same. The Secretariat is in charge of the order and decision-making, and the Menxia Provincial Department is in charge of the seal and refutation and deliberation. They are both the most powerful central institutions in the empire. The Secretariat manages government affairs.
, governing the six ministries. The Shangshu Province was formed in the Eastern Han Dynasty (called Shangshutai at that time); the Zhongshu Province and Menxia Province were formed in the Three Kingdoms period, with the purpose of dividing and restricting the power of the Shangshu Province. The Dachu then formed a complete system of three provinces and six ministries.
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The division of labor in the three provinces is different, namely, all the important military and national policies are pre-determined by the Secretariat and drafted as an imperial edict, and handed over to the Secretariat for review and re-report, and then handed over to the Secretariat for promulgation and implementation. If the Secretariat and the Secretariat are promulgated and implemented, the Secretariat and the Secretariat are promulgated
If there are any objections to the edict drafted by the provincial government, it can be enfeoffed and re-written. All memorials submitted by central departments, temples, supervisors and local departments must be submitted to the provincial government for review by the Shangshu Province. After approval, it will be sent to the Secretary of the Central Committee.
The province may also reject the amendment if the emperor requests the approval or drafts the reply.
The Da Zhao continued to use the old system of the previous dynasty, and the three provinces were still the Secretariat, the Menxia Province, and the Three Provinces. Among them, the chief official of the Secretariat was the Secretariat, and the deputy chief official was the Secretariat, and the main officials were the Secretariat. The Secretariat was the Secretariat. The Secretariat was the main official.
Responsible for drafting edicts and decrees in accordance with the emperor's will, and the responsibility for drafting is mainly borne by the Secretary of State.
The head of the Menxia Province is the Minister of the Ministry of Justice, and the deputy chief is the Minister of Justice, and the main officials are the Minister of Justice. The Menxia Province is mainly responsible for correcting the memorials of the court officials and reviewing the edicts of the Secretariat. If it is considered inappropriate, the Ministry of Justice will refute the justices of the court and return the imperial edicts.
It is called "Fengshu". The power to refute justice is mainly controlled by the ministers. The minister of the Central Secretariat and the two ministers were set up in the palace, so they also had the responsibility of admonishment. They set up doctors on the left and right to make up for the left and right to pick up the left and right to divide the belongings.
The two provinces (the left belongs to the subordinates and the right belongs to the minister of the Central Committee) were to correct the emperor's faults.
The Shangshu Province is located outside the palace, with the chief official being the Shangshu Ling, and the deputy chief official is the Shangshu Lang. There are the Shangshu Lang, the left and right ministers, the left and right officials, and the Yuanwailang, who is responsible for the affairs of the provincial capital and the general commander of six ministries. The ministers of each minister are called Shangshu and the deputy minister is the attendant of the attendant.
The heads of each department are doctors and deputy ministers, and are responsible for implementing various government orders.
In Da Zhao, in order to restrict the Shangshu Order, to prevent civil servants from being indiscriminately commanded by military officials, and to restrict military generals, the Censorate and Privy Council were established.
Among them, the Censorate was in charge of supervision, impeachment and suggestions. Originally, Dayan did not have the official office of the Censorate, but Zhao Xun came from the change of the supervision system of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and his troops improved their status, and joined the three provinces to investigate the world.
.Zhao Xun is very clear about the importance and role of the supervisory agency to a dynasty.
The Censorate is the highest supervisory and impeachment agency of Da Zhao. The chief is the left and right censors, with the deputy censors and the deputy censors. In each prefecture, there are supervision censors and inspectors.
, specializes in the investigation of officials and impeachment.
If the Shadow Department and the Hawkeye Department are secret supervision agencies, then the Censorate is an open supervision agency. One dark and one light, echoing each other from afar.
The Privy Council was established by Zhao Xun's reference to the Privy Council that emerged in the Song Dynasty. It mainly controls military and political affairs, and is mutually restrained with the Ministry of War among the six ministries.
The Privy Council did not have this era, but in memory, it originated in the middle Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Five Dynasties. Although the institutions gradually became complete and huge during the Song Dynasty. After dynasties such as the Tang Dynasty, Five Dynasties, Song Dynasty, Liao Dynasty, and Yuan Dynasty, the chief officials
It was called the Privy Councilor, mainly in charge of military and political affairs. It was established in the Central Committee of the Tang Dynasty. It was originally in the inner court, and eunuchs were used as Privy Councilors, in charge of important matters. The Chongzheng Yuan was established in the Later Liang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties, and the Later Tang Dynasty was renamed the Privy Councilor. It was established in the Song Dynasty, mainly in charge of military secrets and border defense.
In other matters, together with the Secretariat, they are both the highest state organs.
In Dazhao, the chief official of the Privy Council was the Privy Councilor, one person, five deputy Privy Councilors, and many Privy Councilors. His subordinates included the Military Registration Department, the Career Division, the Statistics Department, the Staff Division, and the Honorary Department. Many of them had the Ministry of Justice.
The yamen and the Ministry of War restrict each other, and the Privy Council dispatched military power and trained military power. However, the planning of military garrison, border defense and other military affairs are related to war. The Privy Council makes overall decisions and sends counselors and military advisors. The main officials are military generals.
Anyone who enters the Privy Council shall not be allowed to serve as generals of the various military commanders. In addition, they directly request military affairs to the King of Great Zhao, especially in wars, and the Privy Council is leading the changes in the war situation.[
The chief officials of the Shangshu Province were divided into the left and right Shangshu, in charge of government affairs, and commanded nine departments. In addition to the original Ministry of Personnel, Ministry of Revenue, Ministry of Rites, Ministry of War, Ministry of Justice, and Ministry of Works, the eight departments also added the Ministry of Commerce, Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources and
Ministry of Education.
The six temples include Dali Temple, Taichang Temple, Guanglu Temple, Taipu Temple, Honglu Temple and the Escort Department. Dali Temple, together with the Ministry of Justice and the Supervisory Department under the Ministry of Justice and the Censorate, is composed of three judicial departments, and its powers are similar to today's Supreme Court.
The head of Dali Temple is called Dali Temple Minister and one of the nine ministers. The other four ministers have low powers. Taichang Temple is responsible for sacrificial rituals and music, and is affiliated to the Ministry of Rites; Taipu Temple manages horses and is affiliated to the Ministry of War; Guanglu Temple is responsible for longevity
Banquets, tributes, etc. are affiliated to the Ministry of Rites; Honglu Temple is responsible for court meetings, guests (external officials pay homage to the public, and tributes from the foreign countries), good and bad rituals. The eunuch and eunuch are in charge of serving the palace and entrusted with eunuchs and female officials.
Among them, the Secretariat and the Menxia Province, one drafts the edict and the other is responsible for the return of the edict. However, the Secretariat has great power. All important military and national policies are pre-determined by the Secretariat and drafted as edicts and submitted to the
Menxia Province reviewed and replied, and then handed over to the Shangshu Province for promulgation and execution.
Because his power was too special, Zhao Xun set various restrictions. One person in the Zhongshu Ling, five ministers of the Zhongshu Shilang, and took turns to serve. In other words, the Zhongshu Ling was an unlimited position, and five ministers of the Zhongshu Shilang took turns to serve.
One cycle of reincarnation in ten months. Among them, Yang Wangzhen, the first Zhongshu Sheshou Shesan.
In addition, the Secretariat of the Secretariat appointed eight people, who were the backbone officials of the Secretariat of the Secretariat, who were in charge of the present, submitted a meeting, drafted edicts and edicts, and ordered alchemy books. Because they were all in charge of important matters,
Four prohibitions are specifically stipulated, namely, banning leakage, banning remission, banning violations, banning mistakes, and banning mistakes. They can express their preliminary opinions on the major military and national policies discussed in the province and the memorials in newspapers, and sign their own
The name is collected by the Minister of the Secretariat and then delivered to the Secretariat Order, and then drafted an edict according to the emperor's will. The rotating Secretariat Order must be signed on the drafted edict for filing. Under it, there are also various
There are different levels of officials, and they coordinate all matters in the Secretariat.
However, the minister of the ministry was doing things that offend people. It had the power to return the emperor's will. Therefore, this was embarrassing, not only to the civil and military officials, but also to the emperor.
Because it has the power to return the emperor's will, to a certain extent, it can be regarded as supervision of the emperor, which is greater than that of the emperor. Of course, it is just said so in a sense.
However, there are not many people who can truly achieve this. At least, in the two dynasties of Da Chu and Da Yan, very few people did this, and they were still in the early days of their founding.
What's more, because they denounced all the requests of officials and returned the emperor's edicts, many servants were framed, and encountered the emperor's dissatisfaction and suffered a tragic disaster... After all, nothing
An emperor likes that someone refuses himself and returns the imperial edict he issued.
Therefore, the choice of the servants under the sect is very critical. And ordinary officials are unwilling to take up this position of offending people. The servants under the sect have two servants, and the two servants, who are in charge of the laws of the emperor. The emperor's imperial hall,
Then the man who lives in the living room is happy, and the man who lives in the house is on the right. If the emperor has an order, the man who lives in the living room is bowed down to listen, and leaves to write it down, and handed it over to the historian at the end of each quarter for record.
In addition, the Ministry of Education has not recorded four people. From the seventh rank, the chief officer is from the eighth rank, the left supplement is from the seventh rank, the left pick is from the sixth rank, the left pick is from the eighth rank: ten Dianyi people
, from the ninth rank, the order of singing and the order of the palace. The four city gate men, from the sixth rank, were in charge of the opening and closing of the capital, imperial city, and palace gates. Fu Bao men, from the sixth rank, were in charge of the emperor
When the eight treasures and the national talismans are held, they will be presented to the imperial throne. When the emperor is lucky, they will be served as followers. All the generals and envoys will be sent to ask for a flag and a flag. The flag is rewarded with cemeteries, and the flag is killed with jaws.
Among them, the Secretariat and Menxia Province also have supplementary documents and collections. They are divided into left and right, "left" internal affairs, and "right" internal affairs. The Secretariat and the Secretariat are supplemented. The left and right are supplemented, from the seventh rank, left and right
Select the relics. From the eighth rank, pick the relics from the left and right, and hold the sacrificial advice. Any orders and actions that are inconvenient and incompatible with the Tao will be granted the title of the emperor, and the court will be quarrels. The court will not observe the gains and losses of the court, and the pros and cons of the world will not be discussed. This country's court
The original intention of setting up a letter is that the censor has the opportunity to give advice directly to the emperor, so although the official rank is low, it is quite important to the people of the times. Theoretically, the censor's job is to make suggestions and sarcasm. Even if the words are fierce,
It can also be blamed.
Therefore, Zhao Xun made a statement in the law of the Great Zhao. The subordinates and the left and right made up for the vassals, and the chief censors of the chief censors of the chief censors were not convicted of the words. Zhao Xun did not expect the subordinates to be granted the imperial edict to be returned to the emperor.
, and do not expect that your descendants can allow someone to refuse to enforce their edicts. But at least, those who dare to speak out cannot be convicted because of the dangers of these positions, causing villains to be in power.
In fact, for Zhao Xun, he could further restrict the emperor's power because of his wish to return the emperor's will. For Zhao Xun, this may not be a good thing. In the court, there are still people who can give him some help.
Trouble, even returning his will intact. But for the empire, it was a good thing. Therefore, there was only one of the first left and right servants, and the left servants Su Yun. This was also Su Yun himself to Zhao.
When asked for advice, his other abilities may not be strong, but he can still give advice. In addition, his daughter is the concubine of King Zhao, so he will naturally not be punished for this.
The Secretariat, the second rank. The edicts and edicts issued by the Secretariat are forwarded to the central departments and local prefectures and counties through the Secretariat, or the government orders are made according to the spirit of the edicts and edicts, and issued to relevant departments.
Report to the capital, and the matter is divided into a certain amount. Any talisman, transfer, pass, and amine (note: all official documents) must be sent to the capital and the province. Those who do not decide the major affairs in the world will all be given to the Shangshu Province. This means that the Shangshu Province will be transferred to the Shangshu Province.
The position of power is very important.
The Shangshu Province, the world's principles and regulations, is reported by hundreds of officials. If a matter is wrong, the world will suffer the consequences. This sentence is enough to illustrate the important position of the Shangshu Province in the central administrative organization, that is, among the three provinces,
The Shangshu Province is the actual summary of administration. The Shangshu Province is equivalent to the State Council in later generations, which shows its importance. Therefore, Zhao Xun established the left and right Shangshu Orders to divide its power. In addition, in order to prevent the Shangshu Orders from "chaos" the power, the nine ministries
All the Shangshu have the right to write to the emperor directly.
In addition, the Left and Left and Left and Left and Cheng, both have the power to make decisions. Together with the Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Left and Le
The Privy Council, because it plans military garrison, border defense and other important military affairs, is equivalent to the Ministry of Defense. Although it cannot directly mobilize the army, it is also in charge of military affairs with the Ministry of War. Together with the Ministry of Personnel, it is in charge of the promotion of military generals.
The military recruitment and garrisoning of national defense matters were also very important. The first Privy Council Privy Council Privy Council was Situ Liang, Yang Wangqing, Liu Wenqi, Zhang Yuanjing, Li Huaiyuan, Cao Bin and others as Deputy Privy Councilors.
The nine departments under the Shangshudu Province are responsible for handling all administrative affairs such as government, finance, military and punishment, money, education, and business.
Among them, the Ministry of Personnel is in charge of the political selection of documents, honorary titles, and examination courses. The Ministry of Personnel, the Ministry of Personnel, the Ministry of Personnel, the Ministry of Personnel, the Ministry of Justice, and the examination of merit. Zhao Lu stipulates that anyone above the third rank can only be personally selected and awarded by the emperor (King Zhao)
Those with a fifth rank or above will be nominated by the Shangshu Order to submit the emperor's imperial approval, and the Ministry of Personnel will be appointed as the aid officer; those with a sixth rank or below will be judged by the Ministry of Personnel based on their figure, qualifications, ability, merit, virtue, speech, and books.
Record it, ask for instructions, and report it to the provincial government for review and appointment.
The officials of the four departments are divided into the following department of the Ministry of Personnel, and are in charge of civil servant ranks. They are in charge of the court, and are given a salary, and are falsely punished. If one of them is in charge of selecting and substituting officials. The two officials and the officials are in charge of the sixth rank. One person is sentenced to the sixth rank.
Nancao was both the Minister of Shang and the Deputy Minister. The Secretariat was appointed as the Doctor, the Court, and the Level was granted. The Sixun Doctor was appointed as the official rank; the Examination of the Doctor was appointed as the meritorious and demerits of civil and military officials, and the examination of good and evil methods.
And his conduct. If an official dies, the historian wants to write a biography for him. Taichang should discuss the narrowness. If he wants to be entrusted on a stele, he will work with the officials to discuss the deeds he should record and then report them to the family.
Among the six ministries, the Ministry of Personnel ranks first. The most fundamental reason is that it controls the promotion of officials. If you master this department, you will naturally be able to achieve enlightenment by one person, and the chickens and dogs will rise to heaven. Many treacherous officials are responsible for their part-time or control this.
Officials are responsible for the cause of wind and waves.
In Da Zhao, any military generals will be promoted, and the Privy Council and the Ministry of Personnel will be jointly evaluated and verified. Only after studying at the Military Academy can you be promoted.
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Youfu, marriage, inheritance; the doctor of the branch, Yuanwailang is in charge of the world's rent and taxes, and the annual plan is issued and the branch is adjusted. He agreed with the minister of the Ministry of the Central Committee: The doctor of the Jin tribe, Yuanwailang is in charge of the world's rent and taxes.
The cashiers store, weigh the number of measurements, manage transactions in the two capitals, palace cities, etc., and provide clothes for palace servants, princesses, officials and slaves; the warehouse department doctor, the official waiter is in charge of the world's warehouse storage, the cashier rents and taxes, wealth and food.
Things.[
Therefore, because of his power, it generally occupies the second place in the three provinces and six ministries. Originally, the Ministry of Revenue still controlled the benefits of land and water and land in the world, but Zhao Xun was going to separate it alone and establish another one.
The Ministry of Land and Water Resources has too much control. Zhao Xun is not worried about his problems, but instead is worried about his limited energy, so he separates him.